一:表示“原因”的詞組。
1:A stems from B
eg. The failure to pass the exam is stem from careless.
2:A derives from B or A is derived from B.
eg. The failure to pass the exam derives from careless./ The failure to pass the exam is derived from careless.
3: A has its root in B/ A is rooted in B.
eg. The failure to pass the exam has its root in careless./ The failure to pass the exam is rooted in careless.
二:兩個跟“加劇”相關(guān)的詞。
1:escalate v. 提高,加劇 后接sth或into sth
n. escalation
adj. escalating 常見搭配:escalating problem/issue/tension/price/inflation
近:exacerbate,compound
eg. the fighting on the border is escalating.
a rapid escalation in value
the violence has escalated into wars.
2:step up有迫不得已采取措施。
如:he really needs to steep up.
三:constant continual cpntinous 和 successive區(qū)別。
1.constant是指持續(xù)或者習(xí)慣性的重復(fù)(at a regular rate over a long period)
eg. She keeps in constant touch with her breast friends.
2.continual形容動作反復(fù)發(fā)生,有間斷,over a long period
eg. constant rain 最近一月頻繁下雨
cf. incessant short time 里的反復(fù)發(fā)生,時(shí)間長度比constant短
incessant rain 最近一周下雨
3.continuous語氣最強(qiáng),空間和時(shí)間上都沒有間斷
eg. a continuous hum from the air conditioner
4.successive 接連發(fā)生的。
eg. Jackson was the winner for a second successive year.
- upending (不好事情的)持續(xù),或某種情感沒有end
eg. end love
endless stream of the crowd 持續(xù)的人流
四:“著名的”除了famous,再寫出你所知的。
well-known, well-recognized, acclaimed,renowned,celebrated,與far-famed...
如:a celebrated/renowned/acclaimed/recognized author.
五:關(guān)于保持的詞匯。
其中maintain/secure/safeguard/preserve/keep
如:maintain/secure/safeguard/preserve/keep regional peace and stability.
六:寫出對“acquire/attain/obtain”的區(qū)別(三者都可以表示“得到”之意)。acquire:尤指要經(jīng)過長期努力才得到的,后面可以跟抽象事物和具體事物。
如:acquire a reputation/knowledge等
attain主要用于莊重場合,著重指對某一雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)和努力。后面常跟ambitious/success/goal等
如:attain my ambition to be a doctor.
obtain尤指通過自身努力或工作達(dá)到從而得到某物。
如:obtain permission/information等 表“得到允許和信息”。
另外retain沒有“得到”之意,它是“保留/擁有”之意
如:I have been retaining this book for many years.
另外它還有“聘請”之意。
如 retain a lawyer聘請一名律師。
七:寫出上一話題你所積累的醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語
amygdala, auditory cortex, artery, obesity,diabetes, adrenaline,cortisol,hormone,inflamed,dysfunction, inflammation, metabolic(新陳代謝), reproductive organ, blood pressure, endothelium(內(nèi)循壞)
另外還有communicable與non-communicable傳染病與非傳染病。
八:考察一句政經(jīng)類翻譯。如下:雙方回顧兩國氣候變化領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力與合作,為巴黎協(xié)定的制定、通過、簽署和生效作出歷史性貢獻(xiàn)(出自中美應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)聯(lián)合聲明)。
參考譯文:Both countries recall their historic contribution to the development, adoption, signature, and entry into force of the Paris Agreement through their leadership and collaboration.
參考譯文思路:
1:“回顧”是不是跟“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和合作”搭配了呢?這里有點(diǎn)考察背景知識,實(shí)際上 原文提到的巴黎協(xié)定早在2016年就提出了也之后生效了。所以在這里“回顧”具體是說“回顧”巴黎協(xié)定上的這些事。
2:那么"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力與合作"這么理解呢?實(shí)際上,可以這么理解,這兩個東西其實(shí)就是一個說出個“大概”的東西,而后面的一系列事情進(jìn)程正是這種“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和合作”的具體體現(xiàn)。也可以這么理解:中美兩國一起領(lǐng)導(dǎo),一起合作才會有“后面的具體事情的發(fā)生”。所以“回顧”也是回顧的是“簽署/通過”等一系列事情。因此可以處理為“方式狀語”,用來修飾所作出的貢獻(xiàn),即“通過我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和合作,我們....”。
這里其實(shí)也體現(xiàn)了中英文的差異。即中文喜歡先說廢話,再說重要的。而英語喜歡說重要的再說次要的(狀語/定語等)。
另外注意也積累一下術(shù)語詞組的搭配。