iOS——給視頻添加音頻和字幕

最近需要做一個功能，給視頻添加字幕，關(guān)鍵還是OC的代碼，愁啊。
這種沒做過的東西就只能面對搜索引擎編程了。
各種搜索和嘗試，最后弄了兩天給弄出來了，唯一不足的就是字幕的清晰度不夠，也暫時不知道是不是視頻合成質(zhì)量的問題。

簡單說一下整個流程的思路及關(guān)鍵點：
1. 創(chuàng)建AVMutableComposition 和 AVMutableCompositionTrack
AVMutableComposition *mix = [AVMutableComposition composition];
// 視頻軌道
AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [mix addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
//音頻軌道
AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [mix addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio
            preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
2. 把資源放進(jìn)Track
[videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration) ofTrack:[[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] objectAtIndex:0] atTime:videoTrack.asset.duration error:nil];
[AudioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeFromTimeToTime(kCMTimeZero, videoTrack.asset.duration) ofTrack:[[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] objectAtIndex:0] atTime:kCMTimeZero error:nil];
3.創(chuàng)建導(dǎo)出
self.exporter = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:mix presetName:AVAssetExportPreset3840x2160];
4. AVMutableVideoComposition 和 AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction
//AVMutableVideoComposition：管理所有視頻軌道，可以決定最終視頻的尺寸，裁剪需要在這里進(jìn)行
AVMutableVideoComposition *mainCompositionInst = [AVMutableVideoComposition videoComposition];
// AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction 視頻軌道中的一個視頻，可以縮放、旋轉(zhuǎn)等
AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction *mainInstruction = [AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction videoCompositionInstruction];
5.添加字幕或水印
// videoLayer是視頻layer,parentLayer是最主要的，videoLayer和字幕，貼紙的layer都要加在該layer上
CALayer *parentLayer = [CALayer layer];
CALayer *videoLayer = [CALayer layer];
...
[parentLayer addSublayer: 字幕layer];
因為主要就是要添加字幕，所以這里的邏輯我會重點說一下。
字幕其實就是放在視頻layer層上的文字（label），但是它們是隱藏的，并且在指定時間出現(xiàn)又在指定時間消失。也就是說要給這個layer加上一個動畫組，第一個動畫是將透明度變?yōu)?，第二個動畫將透明度變?yōu)?
將字幕文件解析后，將動畫組的beginTime設(shè)為開始時間，duration設(shè)為持續(xù)時間，同時將消失動畫的beginTime設(shè)為持續(xù)時間，duration設(shè)為0.1
6. AVVideoCompositionCoreAnimationTool 以及 exporter的賦值
mainCompositionInst.animationTool = [AVVideoCompositionCoreAnimationTool
                                         videoCompositionCoreAnimationToolWithPostProcessingAsVideoLayer:videoLayer inLayer:parentLayer];
/// 設(shè)置字幕 layer層
    self.exporter.videoComposition = mainCompositionInst;
7.導(dǎo)出
[self.exporter exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        });
}];

感謝愛我你就抱抱我——ios 通過AVFoundation給視頻添加字幕的這篇文章，不然我對添加字幕毫無頭緒。雖然文章里面沒有完整的字幕動畫代碼...

完整代碼如下，這里面的代碼是有實際業(yè)務(wù)需求的代碼，所以會有一些變動。
另外添加字幕label的時候我碰到了一個特別奇怪的問題。如果只添加一個label.layer，沒有問題，如果放入for循環(huán)中循環(huán)添加，一個都加不上去。嘗試半天不知道為什么，最后靈機(jī)一動，加了一句添加label到view上，結(jié)果就可以了。
然后由于label添加的字幕清晰度不行，暫時也不知道是視頻合成的原因還是說自己分辨率造成的。所以換成了CATextLayer，比label清晰了那么一丟丟。但是發(fā)現(xiàn)我設(shè)置了textLayer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;反而更不清晰了，所以就屏蔽了這個contentsScale
/**
 @param videos 需要被合成的音頻文件
 @param audios 需要被合成的視頻文件
 */
- (void)compositionVideos:(NSArray <NSURL *>*)videos audios:(NSArray <NSURL *>*)audios
{
    [SVProgressHUD setDefaultMaskType:(SVProgressHUDMaskTypeClear)];
    [SVProgressHUD showWithStatus:@"正在合成..."];
    
    NSMutableArray *videosAsset = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];
    NSMutableArray *audiosAsset = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];
    
    for (NSURL *videoPath in videos) {
        AVAsset *asset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:videoPath];
        NSLog(@"%@",asset);
        [videosAsset insertObject:asset atIndex:videosAsset.count];
    }
    
    for (NSURL *audioPath in audios) {
        AVAsset *asset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:audioPath];
        [audiosAsset insertObject:asset atIndex:audiosAsset.count];
    }
    
    // 1 - 創(chuàng)建 AVMutableComposition 對象. 對象將保存AVMutableCompositionTrack實例.
    AVMutableComposition *mix = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    // 2 - 視頻軌道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [mix addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    
    [videosAsset enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(AVAsset *asset, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        [videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration) ofTrack:[[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] objectAtIndex:0] atTime:videoTrack.asset.duration error:nil];
    }];
    
    NSMutableArray *audioTrackes = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];
    [audiosAsset enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(AVAsset *asset, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        AVMutableCompositionTrack *AudioTrack = [mix addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:(int32_t)idx];
        [AudioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeFromTimeToTime(kCMTimeZero, videoTrack.asset.duration) ofTrack:[[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] objectAtIndex:0] atTime:kCMTimeZero error:nil];
        [audioTrackes addObject:AudioTrack];
    }];
    
    // 4 - 獲取路徑
    NSURL *url = [EditAudioVideo exporterVideoPath];
    
    // 5 - 創(chuàng)建導(dǎo)出
    self.exporter = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:mix presetName:AVAssetExportPreset3840x2160];
    
    //修改背景音樂的音量start
    AVMutableAudioMix *videoAudioMixTools = [AVMutableAudioMix audioMix];
    
    //獲取音頻軌道
    NSMutableArray *inputParameters = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];
    [audiosAsset enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(AVAsset *asset, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        AVMutableAudioMixInputParameters *audioParameters = [AVMutableAudioMixInputParameters audioMixInputParametersWithTrack:audioTrackes[idx]];
        [audioParameters setVolumeRampFromStartVolume:1.0 toEndVolume:1.0 timeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, CMTimeAdd(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration))];
        
        [audioParameters setTrackID:(int32_t)idx];
        
        [inputParameters addObject:audioParameters];
    }];
    
    videoAudioMixTools.inputParameters = inputParameters;
    
    //3.1 AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction 視頻軌道中的一個視頻，可以縮放、旋轉(zhuǎn)等
    AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction *mainInstruction = [AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction videoCompositionInstruction];
    mainInstruction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, videoTrack.asset.duration);
    
    /// 3.2 AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction 一個視頻軌道，包含了這個軌道上的所有視頻素材
    /// 必須依靠它
    AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction *videolayerInstruction = [AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction videoCompositionLayerInstructionWithAssetTrack:videoTrack];
    //1 創(chuàng)建AVAsset實例 AVAsset包含了video的所有信息 self.videoUrl輸入視頻的路徑
    AVAssetTrack *videoAssetTrack = [[videoTrack.asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] firstObject];
    UIImageOrientation videoAssetOrientation_  = UIImageOrientationUp;
    BOOL isVideoAssetPortrait_  = NO;
    CGAffineTransform videoTransform = videoAssetTrack.preferredTransform;
    if (videoTransform.a == 0 && videoTransform.b == 1.0 && videoTransform.c == -1.0 && videoTransform.d == 0) {
        videoAssetOrientation_ = UIImageOrientationRight;
        isVideoAssetPortrait_ = YES;
    }
    if (videoTransform.a == 0 && videoTransform.b == -1.0 && videoTransform.c == 1.0 && videoTransform.d == 0) {
        videoAssetOrientation_ =  UIImageOrientationLeft;
        isVideoAssetPortrait_ = YES;
    }
    if (videoTransform.a == 1.0 && videoTransform.b == 0 && videoTransform.c == 0 && videoTransform.d == 1.0) {
        videoAssetOrientation_ =  UIImageOrientationUp;
    }
    if (videoTransform.a == -1.0 && videoTransform.b == 0 && videoTransform.c == 0 && videoTransform.d == -1.0) {
        videoAssetOrientation_ = UIImageOrientationDown;
    }
    [videolayerInstruction setTransform:videoAssetTrack.preferredTransform atTime:kCMTimeZero];
    [videolayerInstruction setOpacity:0.0 atTime:videoTrack.asset.duration];
    
    mainInstruction.layerInstructions = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:videolayerInstruction,nil];
    
    //AVMutableVideoComposition：管理所有視頻軌道，可以決定最終視頻的尺寸，裁剪需要在這里進(jìn)行
    AVMutableVideoComposition *mainCompositionInst = [AVMutableVideoComposition videoComposition];
    
    CGSize naturalSize;
    if(isVideoAssetPortrait_){
        naturalSize = CGSizeMake(videoTrack.naturalSize.height, videoTrack.naturalSize.width);
    } else {
        naturalSize = videoTrack.naturalSize;
    }
    
    /// 設(shè)置高寬
    float renderWidth, renderHeight;
    renderWidth = naturalSize.width;
    renderHeight = naturalSize.height;
    mainCompositionInst.renderSize = CGSizeMake(renderWidth, renderHeight);
    mainCompositionInst.instructions = [NSArray arrayWithObject:mainInstruction];
    mainCompositionInst.frameDuration = CMTimeMake(1, 30);
    
    /// 加水印 加字幕
    // videoLayer是視頻layer,parentLayer是最主要的，videoLayer和字幕，貼紙的layer都要加在該layer上
    CALayer *parentLayer = [CALayer layer];
    CALayer *videoLayer = [CALayer layer];
    parentLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, renderWidth, renderHeight);
    videoLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, renderWidth, renderHeight);
    [parentLayer addSublayer:videoLayer];
    
    for (SubTitleManager *obj in [SubTitleManager manager].subTitles) {
        
//        UILabel * titleLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame: CGRectMake(8, 8, kScreenW - 16, 38)];
//        titleLabel.attributedText = [[SubTitleManager manager] getSRTSubtitleWithCurrentObj:obj];
//        titleLabel.minimumScaleFactor = 9/14;
//        titleLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = true;
//        titleLabel.numberOfLines = 3;
//        titleLabel.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0, -1);
//        titleLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
//        titleLabel.layer.opacity = 0;
        
        CATextLayer * textLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
        textLayer.string = [[SubTitleManager manager] getSRTSubtitleWithCurrentObj:obj];
        textLayer.frame = CGRectMake(8, 8, kScreenW - 16, 38);
        textLayer.wrapped = YES;
//        textLayer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;
        textLayer.alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentCenter;
        textLayer.truncationMode = kCATruncationNone;
        textLayer.opacity = 0;
        
        // 這個是透明度動畫主要是使在插入的才顯示，其它時候都是不顯示的
        CABasicAnimation *opacityAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
        opacityAnim.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1];
        opacityAnim.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1];
        opacityAnim.removedOnCompletion = NO;
        
        CABasicAnimation *opacityDismissAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
        opacityDismissAnim.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1];
        opacityDismissAnim.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0];
        opacityDismissAnim.removedOnCompletion = NO;
        opacityDismissAnim.beginTime = obj.endTime - obj.startTime;
        opacityDismissAnim.duration = 0.1;
        
        CAAnimationGroup *groupAnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
        groupAnimation.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:opacityAnim, opacityDismissAnim, nil];
        
        if (obj.startTime == 0) {
            groupAnimation.beginTime = 0.01;
        } else {
            groupAnimation.beginTime = obj.startTime;
        }
        groupAnimation.duration = obj.endTime - obj.startTime;
        [textLayer addAnimation:groupAnimation forKey:@"groupAnimation"];
        [parentLayer addSublayer: textLayer];
    }
    
    mainCompositionInst.animationTool = [AVVideoCompositionCoreAnimationTool
                                         videoCompositionCoreAnimationToolWithPostProcessingAsVideoLayer:videoLayer inLayer:parentLayer];
    self.exporter.outputURL = url;
    self.exporter.outputFileType = AVFileTypeQuickTimeMovie;
    /// 賦值音頻
    self.exporter.audioMix = videoAudioMixTools;
    self.exporter.shouldOptimizeForNetworkUse = YES;
    /// 設(shè)置字幕 layer層
    self.exporter.videoComposition = mainCompositionInst;
    
    __weak typeof(self) wSelf = self;
    [self.exporter exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            [SVProgressHUD showWithStatus:@"錄制合成完成"];
            [wSelf exportDidFinish:wSelf.exporter];
        });
    }];
}
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