這篇文章很長。
不是告訴你有哪些寫作必備詞匯，
而是告訴你單詞的用法。
很多同學(xué)正在幻想：那就是總結(jié)單詞的用法嘛，背了就行。
邵教授講單詞，將涉及的核心內(nèi)容包括：
1. 大量例句
2. 單詞相關(guān)搭配
3. 易混淆詞比較
4. 常見錯法
1. 大量例句
要講解單詞的用法，就一定涉及例句。
一旦引入例句，你在本文中需要閱讀的內(nèi)容肯定很多，因為邵教授一定會通過足夠數(shù)量的正確例句來總結(jié)單詞用法。
2. 相關(guān)搭配
一個單詞可能會有：
1) 多種用法和搭配（比如動詞搭配不同的介詞），
2) 不同用法之間有聯(lián)系和差異，
這些都會講到。
3. 易混淆詞比較
既然用于雅思/托福寫作，學(xué)生肯定會糾結(jié)——
用這個詞，還是用它的近義詞？
所以本文在講解單詞的時候，還要對比易混淆詞。
4. 常見錯法
既然邵教授批改了數(shù)以萬計的學(xué)生英語作文，那肯定知道學(xué)生在使用單詞的時候容易犯什么錯。所以，還會順便講解錯誤的用法。
因此，這篇很長的文章其實只講5個單詞的用法。
這5個單詞，是從考官范文中提煉出來的。
如果你能掌握，你就
劍橋雅思7 Test 3
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
考官范文
（后文講解黑體標注的單詞）
Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one's job must?reflect?how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.
Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing?valued?and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is?worth?doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.
Of course not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little?choice?in the kind of job they can get. In some cases an employee is working in a job that?suits?neither their skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labor relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.
However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job. If the factors identified above are implemented, then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.
1. reflect
1) 展示，反映
Her work reflects?intelligence.
his tactics reflect his?desire?for power.
The ACLU says this case and others reflect a?pattern?of failures at the lockups.
School textbooks were rewritten to reflect the BJP's ultra-nationalist?ideology.
Such return assumptions partly reflect the heady?years?of the 1990s bull market.
看完例句，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)reflect的賓語都是事物，而且是抽象名詞。
當你使用reflect時，你可以簡單地用以上規(guī)則判斷搭配是否合理。
當然，最標準的做法是——到語料庫確認賓語和reflect的搭配是否存在。
reflect可以接賓語從句嗎？
搜索語料庫，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)：
They said the words should reflect?how much?Jill's family loved and missed her.
Andrew Wilson said this reflected?how?buyers chose properties.
reflect可以接一切賓語從句嗎？
“他的研究表明，這部電影和歷史不符。”翻譯得到：
His studies?reflected that?the movie wasn't historically accurate.
這是錯誤的英語。
搜索語料庫，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)：
reflected不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
上句可以改為：
His studies reflected?the fact that?the movie wasn't historically accurate.（同位語從句）
2) 深思
reflect on one's faults
In the essay, he reflects on his career.
I reflected on the child's future.
2. value
看重，珍視
Do you value your best friend enough?
value的賓語可以不是人嗎？
value?freedom
I value (=appreciate) your?advice.
In the early 1890s Americans began to value their own?heritage?and?architecture.
value的賓語是物時，可以是抽象的事物，也可以是具體的事物。
value的過去分詞，用作定語：
The Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra has a long and?valued?relationship with KFUO.
被重視的
value可以接動詞嗎？
如果可以，應(yīng)該接不定式還是V-ing?
If they don't read to their kids, their children aren't likely to value?reading.
value可以接賓語從句嗎？
Over time, they may learn to value?who?you are and?what?you stand for.
我非常看重你的建議，用哪個副詞？
He values your advice very?highly.
把xx當做xx一樣看重，用哪個介詞？
Jerry realizes he's come to value his clients?as?paychecks instead of as people.
比起xx更看重xx，用哪個介詞？
value health?above?money
3. worth
1) 值得(prep.)
The book is worth 30 pounds.
介詞worth的賓語，可以是錢，還可以是其他。
a proposal not worth consideration
an idea worth some thought
It's worth a look if only for the sheer creative ingenuity of the amended cards.
介詞worth的賓語，還可以是V-ing.
advice worth taking
a place worth visiting
It is not worth discussing.
對某人來說，值。用哪個介詞呢？
For?me,?it's worth a great deal.（可以理解，但不是標準的表達）
It's worth a great deal?to?me.
2) 價值(n.)
The total worth of the Australian sharemarket is now close to $520 billion.
worth的用法：the worth of sth.
These books are of little or no worth
worth的用法：sth. is of (great/no/little) worth
worth和哪個動詞的搭配？
判斷某物的價值。
The client has little means of?judging?the worth of the advice he is given.
評估某物的價值。
Some estimate the worth of the Nation of Islam's business empire at $75 million.
某事對某人的價值，用哪個介詞呢？
Your worth?to?the team is unquestionable.
下面的句子對嗎？
The?worth?of his house has greatly increased.
不對，要改成：
The?value?of his house has greatly increased.
解析：Don't talk about the 'worth' of something that someone owns.
所有權(quán)已經(jīng)確定的事物的價值，不用worth.
以下例句，value都不能換成worth.
What will happen to the value of?my car?
The value of?the land?is now over ￡1 million.
4. choice
想要理解好choice，就必須清楚它所指的兩種基本的選擇：
尚未做出的選擇和已經(jīng)做出的選擇。
1) 尚未做出的選擇
It is time to make a choice between the candidates.
In order to make a wise choice of a partner, you need to have people to choose from.
The IOC will make its choice at the committee's session in Buenos Aires in 2013.
2) 已經(jīng)做出的選擇
Her choice for dessert was ice cream.
Which car was your original choice?
This book would be my choice.
（雖然還沒買，但是決定已做）
General Jones was a poor choice.
選General Jones就是沒選對人。
With Russia awash in oil wealth, it's no wonder students support Putin's choice.
choice和介詞的搭配。
His choice?of?words made Rodney angry.
sb.'s choice of sth.指的是某人在某一類事物中選出的那（幾）個。
choice的語義，不限于“選擇”。
3)?可選的選項
What choice did I have?
You have no choice.
With no money, he had no choice but to walk home.
That vase on sale looks like an excellent choice.
He was a possible choice.
He said the staff rated Medco the top choice for the $8 million-a-year contract.
Phil Humber is the top choice to replace Peavy, leaving Marquez as the 12th man.
It is a choice Americans should embrace, especially in difficult economic times.
We could get quirky and go retro with Meatloaf, but our first choice is Beyonce.
4) 選擇的權(quán)利
If I had any choice in the matter, I wouldn't have gone.
Too much choice, just like too few boundaries, can be overwhelming for children.
The teacher gave me the choice between taking an exam and writing a paper.
本文將以上choice的例句分成了4類，讀者可能會對個別的例句的分類有疑惑。
其實，只要總體上能夠理解以上4種基本分類，就能理解好choice.?
不必糾結(jié)每個例句的choice為什么這樣歸類。
It's your choice.的意思，是下面哪一個？
1) 這是你選出來的。
2) 你來做選擇。
答案是2)
The choice is yours.和上句語義相同。
5. suit
適合
Even though living in the country suitedmewell, a young boy could still dream.
Specter's views suitedmeperfectly, and that was why I voted for him regularly.
I think he's found a club that suits?him?and I think he may be here for a while.
學(xué)生看完以上3句，便認為自己充分掌握了suit的用法——和漢語一樣，就是“適合”。
女孩拒絕了男孩，因為他不適合她。自然就是：
He did not suit her.
然而，這就是典型的中式英語。
更適合，你會用哪個副詞？
Use your mental attributes, and you will find a place that suits?you?far?better.
suit的賓語，可以不是人嗎？
This time, I decided to get a new phone, one that suited my short list of?needs.
適合（某個）需求
The offering will be based on our analysis of what we believe suits theirneeds.
It suits his?purpose, because a dose of inflation will whittle away at the debt.
適合（某個）目的
It's important to find an activity that suits the?pace?you are comfortable with.
適合（某種）速度
For example, a personalized channel that represents music that suits your?taste.
適合（某人的）口味/品味
This simple, back, almost architectural dress suits her Lisbeth Salander?character.
適合（某人的）個性
Make sure the style of dress suits the?wedding?you have planned.
適合（某場）婚禮
It's a good idea to work with a charity that truly suits your?skills.
適合（某人的）技能
談到suit, 你一定會想到fit. 其實，它們差異很大！
1) If clothes fit you, they are the right size, neither too big nor too small.
That dress fits you perfectly.
He was wearing pyjamas which did not fit him.
????The pants fit him well and were very comfortable.
2) If clothes make you look attractive, don't say that they 'fit' you. You say that they suit you.
You look great in that dress. It really suits you.
女孩拒絕了男孩，因為他不適合她。
He did not suit her. 是漢語直譯，錯誤的英語表達。
He was not a good?match?for her. 才是正確的表達。
結(jié)語
1) 如果你用查例句的方式查單詞，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)單詞真正的用法。
2) 如果你能像上面那樣對自己提問，并自己找例句確定單詞的用法，你能掌握單詞的用法。
3) 如果你能通過例句和單詞的英文語義來區(qū)分不同單詞，你能在關(guān)鍵時候選對單詞。
4) 如果你能在日常寫作中懷疑自己所寫可能有錯，你便能真正一點一點進步。
