一.開發(fā)環(huán)境搭建
1.JDK安裝與環(huán)境配置
2.Mysql下載與安裝
mysql與Navicat for MySQL,這里不提供詳細(xì)安裝方法,很簡單的。
3.Eclipse下載與安裝
關(guān)于Java Web項目的開發(fā)工具有IntelliJ IDEA、Eclipse。我選擇的是Eclipse,版本是eclipse-jee-luna。
關(guān)于Eclipse的配置如下:
一.Maven的安裝與配置
1.1.Maven壓縮包下載http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi,與解壓;
1.2.環(huán)境變量配置:
新建環(huán)境變量MAVEN_HOME(值為maven的根目錄)、然后在PATH環(huán)境變量里加入%MAVEN_HOME%\bin;
1.3如需設(shè)置本地Maven倉庫,則需如下設(shè)置:
設(shè)置setting.xml文件,配置本地倉庫。apache-maven-xxx\conf下有個setting.xml文件,打開,localRepository的值設(shè)置成你本地倉庫的路徑。eg:apache-maven-xxx根目錄下創(chuàng)建了個repository文件夾作為本地倉庫
1.4eclipse配置Maven


二.Tomcat的安裝與配置
2.1 Tomcat下載,tomcat9下載地址
2.2eclispe配置Tomcat

二.開發(fā)項目
1.建立數(shù)據(jù)庫
1.1建立數(shù)據(jù)路庫,名稱為“cheng”
1.2建表,建表語句如下:
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`USER_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`USER_NAME` char(30) NOT NULL,
`USER_PASSWORD` char(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`USER_ID`),
KEY `IDX_NAME` (`USER_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1.3插入數(shù)據(jù):
INSERT INTO t_user (USER_ID, USER_NAME, USER_PASSWORD) VALUES (1, 'cheng', '123456');
2.eclipse開發(fā)
2.1新建工程
2.1.1新建maven工程

2.1.2選擇快速框架

2.1.3輸出項目名

如果只是普通的項目,選jar就好了,如果是web項目就選war,這里是web項目,所以選擇war
輸入工程如下:

2.2進(jìn)入開發(fā)
2.2.1添加包的依賴
編輯pom.xml文件添加如下依賴:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cheng</groupId>
<artifactId>cheng</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<!-- spring版本號 -->
<spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<!-- junit版本號 -->
<junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
<!-- mybatis版本號 -->
<mybatis.version>3.2.1</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加Spring依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--單元測試依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<!--spring單元測試依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驅(qū)動包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.29</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
再次加入Spring,mysql驅(qū)動,mybatis庫等的依賴,之后只需配置相關(guān)文件即可。
2.2.2編輯配置文件

2.2.2.1 mybatis配置-mybatis包下添加mybatis-config.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
</configuration>
2.2.2.2 mysql的jdbc數(shù)據(jù)源配置-properties包下添加jdbc.properties文件
jdbc_driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc_url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cheng
jdbc_username=root
jdbc_password=password
2.2.2.3 mybatis表映射文件-mapper包下userMapper.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cheng.dao.UserDao">
<!--設(shè)置domain類和數(shù)據(jù)庫中表的字段一一對應(yīng),注意數(shù)據(jù)庫字段和domain類中的字段名稱不致,此處一定要!-->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.cheng.domain.User">
<id column="USER_ID" property="userId" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
<result column="USER_NAME" property="userName" jdbcType="CHAR" />
<result column="USER_PASSWORD" property="userPassword" jdbcType="CHAR" />
</resultMap>
<!-- 查詢單條記錄 -->
<select id="selectUserById" parameterType="int" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE USER_ID = #{userId}
</select>
</mapper>
2.2.2.4 spring配置文件application.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 引入jdbc配置文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:properties/*.properties</value>
<!--要是有多個配置文件,只需在這里繼續(xù)添加即可 -->
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置數(shù)據(jù)源 -->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!-- 不使用properties來配置 -->
<!-- <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learning" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="christmas258@" /> -->
<!-- 使用properties來配置 -->
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>${jdbc_driverClassName}</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>${jdbc_url}</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>${jdbc_username}</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>${jdbc_password}</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 自動掃描了所有的XxxxMapper.xml對應(yīng)的mapper接口文件,這樣就不用一個一個手動配置Mpper的映射了,只要Mapper接口類和Mapper映射文件對應(yīng)起來就可以了。 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage"
value="com.cheng.dao" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置Mybatis的文件 ,mapperLocations配置**Mapper.xml文件位置,configLocation配置mybatis-config文件位置-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml" />
<!-- <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.tiantian.ckeditor.model"
/> -->
</bean>
<!-- 自動掃描注解的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cheng.service" />
</beans>
2.2.3 接口和類的配置

UserServiceImpl.Java代碼如下:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.cheng.dao.UserDao;
import com.cheng.domain.User;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public User selectUserById(Integer userId) {
return userDao.selectUserById(userId);
}
}
2.2.4 單元測試

UserServiceTest.Java代碼如下:
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.luo.baseTest.SpringTestCase;
import com.luo.domain.User;
public class UserServiceTest extends SpringTestCase {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void selectUserByIdTest(){
User user = userService.selectUserById(1);
System.out.println(user.getUserName() + ":" + user.getUserPassword());
}
}
右鍵點擊 UserServiceTest選擇run as JunitTest,之后console輸出如下:
cheng:123456
3.轉(zhuǎn)換Web項目

如果上面webapp為空的,說明這個項目還不是web項目,接下來我們會將此轉(zhuǎn)換為Web項目
右鍵點擊工程,選擇Properties,選擇project Facets

將Dynamic Web Module勾去掉,然后Apply,然后在勾上,之后界面如下:

點擊紅框,彈框彈出,配置如下:

點擊Apply之后,工程如下:

3.1 然后再pom.xml添加如下依賴
<!-- javaee-api包 注意和項目使用的JDK版本對應(yīng) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- javaee-web-api包 注意和項目使用的JDK版本對應(yīng) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
3.2 在src/main/resource中添加springmvc文件夾,然后添加文件spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 掃描controller(controller層注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cheng.controller"/>
<!-- 對模型視圖添加前后綴 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp"/>
</beans>
3.3配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 起始?xì)g迎界面 -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 讀取spring配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 設(shè)計路徑變量值 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
<param-value>springmvc.root</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Spring字符集過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- springMVC核心配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--spingMVC的配置路徑 -->
<param-value>classpath:springmvc/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 攔截設(shè)置 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 錯誤跳轉(zhuǎn)頁面 -->
<error-page>
<!-- 路徑不正確 -->
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<!-- 沒有訪問權(quán)限,訪問被禁止 -->
<error-code>405</error-code>
<location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/405.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<!-- 內(nèi)部錯誤 -->
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/500.jsp</location>
</error-page>
</web-app>
3.4 添加index.jsp,在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF下新建一個文件夾view,添加一個index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
用戶名: ${user.userName}<br>
密碼:${user.userPassword}<br>
</body>
</html>
3.5 在src目錄的com.cheng.controller編寫UserController
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.cheng.domain.User;
import com.cheng.service.UserService;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/")
public ModelAndView getIndex(){
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
User user = userService.selectUserById(1);
mav.addObject("user", user);
return mav;
}
}
然后運Run on Server
代碼地址:SpringCheng
三.Eclipse打包,Tomcat下運行
1. 首先在eclipse中export文件生成war文件

2. war移植
把生成的war包放在tomcat的webapps文件夾中,而我的地址為:C:\JavaWeb\apache-tomcat-7.0.70\webapps

3.啟動Tomcat
啟動Tomcat的startup.bat,之后就會在webapps中解壓war包,并且生成對應(yīng)的項目文件夾,如上圖所示生成了DataMiningEleBus
4.瀏覽器瀏覽
輸入:IP地址:端口號/項目名稱/servle名稱。就可以訪問了,eg:
198.10.11.12:8080/DataMiningEleBus/main
注意:
打包之后的war包的根目錄路徑變成WEB-INF\classes下面了,所以設(shè)置路徑時要注意。比如我在FenCi.Java文件中要訪問StopWord.txt文件,如圖所示:

則在FenCi.java文件中寫成:
FenCi.class.getResource("").getPath()+"StopWord.txt";