前言:
基于ES6風(fēng)格的React以及較新版本的webpack(4.x)和babel等,旨在搬磚和整理,為初學(xué)者和自己提供參考,可能存在許多不足之處,請(qǐng)多指教。
1. 初始化:
首先創(chuàng)建文件夾webpack_demo,然后執(zhí)行命令npm init,進(jìn)行初始化:
> npm init
2. 創(chuàng)建工程目錄:
目錄內(nèi)包括app,config以及public,分別用于存放源代碼文件、配置文件以及輸出文件。創(chuàng)建目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(在cmd控制臺(tái)下,執(zhí)行tree命令)
D:\webpack_demo> tree .
卷 software 的文件夾 PATH 列表
卷序列號(hào)為 8CFF-7734
D:\WEBPACK_DEMO
├─app
├─config
└─public
3. 創(chuàng)建HTML首頁(yè)
在public目錄下,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)index.html,作為主頁(yè),將存放app目錄下的打包輸出文件bundle.js,代碼如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script src="bundle.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
4. 編寫入口文件main.js
在app目錄下,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)main.js,暫時(shí)作為主要入口(entry),該文件將被打包為bundle.js,輸出到public目錄下,代碼如下:
import React,{Component} from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
class App extends Component{
render(){
return (
<div>Hello, world!</div>
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<App/>,
document.getElementById('root')
)
此時(shí),需要安裝一下react和react-dom包,命令如下:
> npm install --save react react-dom
5. webpack配置(config/webpack.config.js)
webpack配置好后,即可用webpack命令打包app中的源碼,首先需要安裝webpack相關(guān)依賴包,命令如下:
> npm install --save-dev webpack webpack-cli
然后在config目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)配置文件webpack.config.js,內(nèi)容如下:
const path = require('path');
const base = path.join(__dirname, '..');
module.exports={
devtool: 'eval-source-map',
entry: path.resolve(base,'app/main.js'),
output:{
path: path.resolve(base, 'public'),
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
devServer:{
contentBase: path.resolve(base, 'public'),
historyApiFallback: true,
inline: true, //實(shí)時(shí)更新
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.js$/,
exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
use: {
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
presets: ["@babel/preset-env","@babel/preset-react"],
plugins: [require('@babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread')]
}
}
}
]
}
};
由于此處用到了babel,而且main.js以es2016的編碼方式,需要用babel來進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,以兼容之前版本的es,依賴包安裝命令如下:(https://www.npmjs.com/package/babel-loader)
> npm install -D babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react
6. 添加啟動(dòng)腳本命令行
在package.json中,向"scripts"項(xiàng)添加執(zhí)行webpack打包命令:
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "webpack --config config/webpack.config.js"
},
配置完畢后,執(zhí)行命令npm start,可以進(jìn)行打包,打包后我們能夠看到public目錄下多出了一個(gè)bundle.js的文件,說明打包成功。內(nèi)容大概如下所示:
>npm start
> webpack_demo@1.0.0 start D:\webpack_demo
> webpack --config config/webpack.config.js
Hash: e5644b2f4476f963bdc1
Version: webpack 4.20.2
Time: 934ms
Built at: 2018-09-26 23:19:52
Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names
bundle.js 1.87 MiB main [emitted] main
Entrypoint main = bundle.js
[./app/main.js] 2.66 KiB {main} [built]
+ 11 hidden modules
7. 實(shí)現(xiàn)頁(yè)面實(shí)時(shí)更新
為了能夠在編碼的同時(shí)實(shí)時(shí)更新前端頁(yè)面,我們需要安裝webpack-dev-server
webpack-dev-server的依賴包安裝命令如下:
> npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server
然后在package.json文件對(duì)應(yīng)的"scripts"中,添加一行執(zhí)行腳本命令:
...
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "webpack --config config/webpack.config.js",
"server": "webpack-dev-server --open --config config/webpack.config.js"
},
...
8. 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器
執(zhí)行命令npm run server,具體的服務(wù)器配置信息如上面的webpack.config.js中的"devServer"。 執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下:
D:\webpack_demo>npm run server
> webpack_demo@1.0.0 server D:\VictorLin\workspace\webpack_demo
> webpack-dev-server --open --config config/webpack.config.js
i ?wds?: Project is running at http://localhost:8080/
i ?wds?: webpack output is served from /
i ?wds?: Content not from webpack is served from D:\webpack_demo\public
i ?wds?: 404s will fallback to /index.html
i ?wdm?: wait until bundle finished: /
i ?wdm?: Hash: e734530a0f196c5a077c
Version: webpack 4.20.2
Time: 1218ms
Built at: 2018-09-26 23:31:14
Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names
bundle.js 2.69 MiB main [emitted] main
Entrypoint main = bundle.js
[./app/main.js] 2.66 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/html-entities/index.js] 231 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/loglevel/lib/loglevel.js] 7.68 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/node-libs-browser/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js] 14.3 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/querystring-es3/index.js] 127 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/react-dom/index.js] 1.33 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/react/index.js] 190 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/url/url.js] 22.8 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/index.js?http://localhost:8080] (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 7.78 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/overlay.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/overlay.js 3.58 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/socket.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/socket.js 1.05 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js 161 bytes {main} [built]
[0] multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 ./app/main.js 40 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack/hot sync ^\.\/log$] (webpack)/hot sync nonrecursive ^\.\/log$ 170 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack/hot/emitter.js] (webpack)/hot/emitter.js 77 bytes {main} [built]
+ 22 hidden modules
i ?wdm?: Compiled successfully.
如果執(zhí)行成功的話,會(huì)自動(dòng)彈出已經(jīng)將打包好的public/bundle.js的public/index.html頁(yè)面,并顯示"Hello, world!"字眼,結(jié)果如圖:

我們可以對(duì)app/main.js進(jìn)行修改,比如添加幾個(gè)感嘆號(hào):
//app/main.js
...
class App extends Component{
render(){
return (
<div>Hello, world!!!!!!!</div>
);
}
}
...
然后保存,會(huì)看到控制臺(tái)會(huì)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行編譯:
i ?wdm?: Compiling...
i ?wdm?: Hash: c771406eb303106ec693
Version: webpack 4.20.2
Time: 103ms
Built at: 2018-09-26 23:33:50
Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names
bundle.js 2.69 MiB main [emitted] main
Entrypoint main = bundle.js
[./app/main.js] 2.66 KiB {main} [built]
+ 36 hidden modules
i ?wdm?: Compiled successfully.
過程中包含了執(zhí)行打包、index.html引用bundle.js,結(jié)果如圖,確實(shí)是多了幾個(gè)感嘆號(hào):

添加style/css loader支持
命令如下:
> npm install --save-dev style-loader css-loader
webpack.config.js配置如下
//其他配置...
module:{
rules:[
//其他配置... ,
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader",
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
}
]
}
]
}
如此便可以在app目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)css文件,然后讓main.js中的組件引用,結(jié)果如圖:

綁定本地IP
在devServer中添加一行host即可綁定本地IP,否則默認(rèn)啟動(dòng)的服務(wù)器只綁定本地的localhost(127.0.0.1),示例如下:
//其他配置項(xiàng)...
devServer: {
host: "192.168.4.24",
port: 3001,
//其他配置項(xiàng)...
},
結(jié)束語:
都是照搬大佬們的東西,并沒有什么原創(chuàng)的,但也不至于抄襲文字,僅供自己和其他初學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí),有不足之處,請(qǐng)多多指教。更詳細(xì)教程請(qǐng)參考:
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000006178770
附錄:
1. package.json
package.json中的內(nèi)容,包括本文中所使用到的各個(gè)依賴包及其版本:
//package.json
{
"name": "webpack_demo",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "webpack --config config/webpack.config.js",
"server": "webpack-dev-server --open --config config/webpack.config.js"
},
"author": "Victor",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {
"react": "^16.5.2",
"react-dom": "^16.5.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@babel/core": "^7.1.0",
"@babel/preset-env": "^7.1.0",
"@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0",
"babel-loader": "^8.0.2",
"webpack": "^4.20.2",
"webpack-cli": "^3.1.1",
"webpack-dev-server": "^3.1.9",
"css-loader": "^1.0.0",
"style-loader": "^0.23.0"
}
}
2. webpack.config.js
//config/webpack.config.js
const path = require('path');
const base = path.join(__dirname, '..');
module.exports={
devtool: 'eval-source-map',
entry: path.resolve(base,'app/main.js'),
output:{
path: path.resolve(base, 'public'),
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
devServer:{
contentBase: path.resolve(base, 'public'),
historyApiFallback: true,
//host: "192.168.4.24", //配置ip
//port: 3000, //配置端口
inline: true, //實(shí)時(shí)更新
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.js$/,
exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
use: {
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
presets: ["@babel/preset-env","@babel/preset-react"],
plugins: [require('@babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread')]
}
}
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{
loader: "style-loader",
},
{
loader: "css-loader",
}
]
}
]
}
};
初始項(xiàng)目的github如下地址,基于React和Antd,只需執(zhí)行初始化命令(npm/yarn install)即可使用:
https://github.com/DeepbigSheng/ReactDemoBasedOnAntd