概述
IntentService是Service是子類,內(nèi)置一個請求隊列來按序處理請求(一般都為異步請求),一次只執(zhí)行一個請求,全部請求執(zhí)行完成后IntentService自己會自動關(guān)閉,無需我們操心。
使用方法
我們首先關(guān)心的當(dāng)然是它的用法,IntentService的用法其實很簡單,創(chuàng)建一個類去繼承它就可以了:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
private static final String Tag = "DownService";
public DownService() {
super(Tag);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.e(Tag, "onCreate");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(Tag, "onHandleIntent");
//主要處理邏輯寫在這里
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.e(Tag, "onStartCommand");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.e(Tag, "onDestroy");
}
}
這里需要提醒一件事,那就是上面的構(gòu)造方法DownService() 里面的super()需要一個String參數(shù),但是按照Android Studio生產(chǎn)的構(gòu)造方法:
public DownService(String name) {
super(name);
}
只要啟動IntentService就會報錯:

所以記得按照上面一開始的寫法去處理構(gòu)造方法,只要隨便給個String參數(shù)就可以了。
類創(chuàng)建好了記得到清單文件中注冊Service:
<application
.................
<service android:name=".Service.DownService" />
</application>
接下來就在DownService里面寫一個下載邏輯吧,我在七牛放了一張圖片,它的總字節(jié)數(shù)為1,991,650 字節(jié):

現(xiàn)在就開始在DownService里下載這張圖片:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
private static final String Tag = "DownService";
private static final String key = "key";
private File destFile;
private float fileLength;//文件總長度
private float downloadLength;//文件當(dāng)前下載
//簡單工廠
public static Intent newIntent(Context context, String url) {
Intent intent = new Intent(context, DownService.class);
intent.putExtra(key, url);
return intent;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.e(Tag, "onCreate");
// 設(shè)置文件下載后的保存路徑
destFile = new File(getCacheDir() + File.separator + "Service.png");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(Tag, "onHandleIntent");
String url = intent.getStringExtra(key);
downFile(url);
}
private void downFile(String Url) {
HttpURLConnection mConnection = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
mConnection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(Url).openConnection();
mConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
mConnection.setConnectTimeout(Constants.CONTENT_TIMEOUT);
mConnection.setReadTimeout(Constants.READ_TIME);
int responseCode = mConnection.getResponseCode();
fileLength = mConnection.getContentLength();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
fos = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
inputStream = mConnection.getInputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
int len = -1;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
downloadLength = downloadLength + len;
Log.e(Tag, "fileLength:" + fileLength + ";downloadLength:" + downloadLength);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (mConnection != null) {
mConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.e(Tag, "onStartCommand");
if (destFile.exists()) {
destFile.delete();
}
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.e(Tag, "onDestroy");
}
}
接著申請上網(wǎng)權(quán)限,在Activity中啟動DownService:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
................
public class IntentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String Url = "*****";//七牛云存儲的圖片鏈接
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent);
startService(DownService.newIntent(this,Url));
}
}
就可以看到下面的打印了:


這里可以看到當(dāng)下載任務(wù)執(zhí)行完成后IntentService就自動關(guān)閉了,不用再操心線程回收的問題了。
刷新UI
圖片下載功能是完成了,但是一般而言,我們總得讓用戶知道當(dāng)前的下載情況吧,不然這種兩眼一黑的體驗,估計很少用戶會喜歡的。那么,在使用IntentService下載的過程中,該怎么刷新UI?
刷新UI的方法其實還是不少的,可以用廣播,可以用EventBus,也可以使用Handler。這里我選擇使用Handler的方法。
首先,創(chuàng)建被觀察者和觀察者這兩個類:
public class DownChanger extends Observable {
private static DownChanger mInstance;
private DownChanger() {
}
//單例
public static DownChanger getInstance() {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new DownChanger();
}
return mInstance;
}
public void setPostChange(int progress) {
//調(diào)用方法通知觀察者去獲取更新數(shù)據(jù)
setChanged();
notifyObservers(progress);
}
}
接著是觀察者類:
public abstract class DownWatcher implements Observer {
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
if (arg instanceof Integer) {
int progress = Integer.parseInt(arg.toString());
notifyUpData(progress);
}
}
public abstract void notifyUpData(int progress);
}
這里寫了一個抽象方法給Activity更新UI用的。
然后在DownService里面創(chuàng)建Handler對象并用DownChanger通知外層了:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
..........
//Service運行在主線程,所以這里不需要配置Looper
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
DownChanger.getInstance().setPostChange(msg.what);
}
};
..........
private void downFile(String Url) {
..........
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage((int) (downloadLength*100/fileLength));
..........
}
最后就是在Activity中刷新UI了:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
........
private TextView tvProgress;
private DownWatcher mWatcher = new DownWatcher() {
@Override
public void notifyUpData(int progress) {
tvProgress.setText("當(dāng)前下載進度:" + progress + "%");
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent);
tvProgress = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_progress);
DownChanger.getInstance().addObserver(mWatcher);
}
public void start(View view){
startService(DownService.newIntent(this, Url));
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
DownChanger.getInstance().deleteObserver(mWatcher);
}
}
這時就可以看到運行效果了:
