一、安裝mysql
官網(wǎng)下載：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
可選擇要安裝的版本，本次使用的是mysql5.7版本
準(zhǔn)備兩臺(tái)主機(jī)
10.27.3.123（主節(jié)點(diǎn)）
10.27.3.124（從節(jié)點(diǎn)）
1.解壓安裝包并移動(dòng)至指定位置
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
2.添加mysql用戶并賦予權(quán)限
# 添加用戶組
groupadd mysql
# 添加mysql用戶
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# 進(jìn)入mysql目錄
cd /usr/local/mysql/
# 賦予mysql用戶權(quán)限
chown -R mysql:mysql ./
3.配置mysql
將mysql/support-files下的mysql.server 復(fù)制到 /etc/init.d/下并自定義為mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
修改該服務(wù)
vim /etc/init.d/mysql
需要修改的內(nèi)容
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
配置mysql的my.cnf配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
修改配置內(nèi)容如下
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
# 不區(qū)分大小寫
lower_case_table_names=1
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
4.初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
初始化完成會(huì)生成默認(rèn)的密碼在執(zhí)行記錄中，注意復(fù)制出來
5.啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)
service mysql start
可能會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log'.
2021-07-09T02:57:23.974548Z mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).
提示很明顯，我們配置的路徑不存在，創(chuàng)建對應(yīng)的文件夾目錄并賦予mysql用戶權(quán)限
mkdir /var/log/mysql
chown -R mysql /var/log/mysql/
重新啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
查看mysql服務(wù)狀態(tài)
[root@localhost var]# service mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (14369)
6.登錄mysql 并修改默認(rèn)密碼
需要用到我們剛剛初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫生成的密碼
[root@localhost var]# mysql -uroot -p
-bash: mysql: command not found
如果提示命令不存在，建立軟連接
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
再次執(zhí)行登錄
[root@localhost var]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)熟悉的東西，mysql.sock，連接localhost通常通過一個(gè)Unix域套接字文件進(jìn)行，一般是/tmp/mysql.sock
查看本機(jī)是否有mysql.sock
[root@localhost var]# find / -name mysql.sock
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
建立軟連接
ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
再次登錄，成功！
[root@localhost var]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.28
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
修改密碼
mysql> set password=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
配置mysql開機(jī)自啟
[root@localhost var]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost var]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@localhost var]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
開啟mysql遠(yuǎn)程訪問，否則無法遠(yuǎn)程連接mysql
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root用戶的密碼，自行修改';
flush privileges;
至此mysql安裝完成，兩臺(tái)機(jī)器都需要安裝！
二、主從搭建
搭建兩臺(tái)MySQL服務(wù)器（一主一從），一臺(tái)作為主服務(wù)器，一臺(tái)作為從服務(wù)器，主服務(wù)器進(jìn)行寫操作，從服務(wù)器進(jìn)行讀操作。
1.配置master節(jié)點(diǎn)
修改my.cnf配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]中添加如下配置
# 要給從機(jī)同步的庫（如果不寫，默認(rèn)全部同步，可不配置）
binlog-do-db=db01
# 不給從機(jī)同步的庫(多個(gè)寫多行，可不配置)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys
# 自動(dòng)清理 7 天前的log文件,可根據(jù)需要修改（可不配置）
expire_logs_days=7
# 啟用二進(jìn)制日志
log-bin=master-bin
# 服務(wù)器唯一ID，一般取IP最后一段
server-id=123
# 指定索引文件的位置
log_bin_index=master-bin.index
配置修改完后重啟主節(jié)點(diǎn)
2.配置slave節(jié)點(diǎn)
修改my.cnf配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]中添加如下配置
# 服務(wù)器唯一id
server-id=124
#加上以下參數(shù)可以避免更新不及時(shí)，SLAVE 重啟后導(dǎo)致的主從復(fù)制出錯(cuò)
read_only=1
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay-log = slave-relay-bin
#主服務(wù)器I/O日志讀取、記錄及存放
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
配置修改完后重啟從節(jié)點(diǎn)
3.加入主節(jié)點(diǎn)
在主節(jié)點(diǎn)機(jī)器上登錄mysql，查看狀態(tài)
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
這里查看到的信息即是主服務(wù)器準(zhǔn)許接入的信息，我們要在從服務(wù)器MySQL語句中執(zhí)行接入語句需要用到主服務(wù)器允許接入?yún)?shù)，這里的file和position非常重要。
接下來在slave從節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行下述命令，命令解釋如下
change master to master_host='主服務(wù)器ip地址',
master_port=3306,master_user='鏈接主服務(wù)器賬戶',
master_password='鏈接主服務(wù)器角色賬戶密碼',
master_log_file='主服務(wù)器file參數(shù)',
master_log_pos=主服務(wù)器positon參數(shù)
mysql> change master to master_host='10.27.3.123',master_port=3306,master_user='root',master_password='hatech1618!@#',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
啟動(dòng)slave從節(jié)點(diǎn)
start slave;
查看從節(jié)點(diǎn)狀態(tài)
show slave status\G
代表slave從節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)行正常，主從復(fù)制搭建完畢。
