數(shù)據(jù)備份的重要性

• 在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中，數(shù)據(jù)的安全性是至關(guān)重要的，任何數(shù)據(jù)的丟失都可能產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果

• 造成數(shù)據(jù)丟失的原因
  1.程序錯(cuò)誤
  2.人為錯(cuò)誤
  3.計(jì)算機(jī)失敗
  4.磁盤失敗
  5.zai難和偷竊
  數(shù)據(jù)庫備份的分類

• 物理備份： 對數(shù)據(jù)庫操作系統(tǒng)的物理文件（如數(shù)據(jù)文件、日志文件等）的備份
  物理備份又可分為脫機(jī)備份（冷備份）和聯(lián)機(jī)備份（熱備份）
  -冷備份：是在關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫的時(shí)候進(jìn)行的
  -熱備份：數(shù)據(jù)庫處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，這種備份方法依賴于數(shù)據(jù)庫的日志文件

• 邏輯備份：對數(shù)據(jù)庫組件（如表等數(shù)據(jù)庫對象）的備份
  表：表的結(jié)構(gòu)文件(FRM)、數(shù)據(jù)文件(MYD)、索引文件(MYI)
  從數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份策略角度，備份可分為
  1.完全備份

• 每次對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行完整的備份
  完全備份：會把服務(wù)器內(nèi)的所有數(shù)據(jù)全部備份，每次都這么執(zhí)行
  優(yōu)點(diǎn)：安全
  缺點(diǎn)：數(shù)據(jù)備份冗余，占用磁盤空間
  2.差異備份

• 備份那些自從上次完全備份之后被修改過的文件

• 前提是必須要備份一次完全備份，接下來每次只備份基于完全備份的基礎(chǔ)上被修改過的文件
  3.增量備份

• 只有那些在上次完全備份或者增量備份后被修改的文件才會被備份
  差異備份與增量備份比較：
  相同點(diǎn)：基礎(chǔ)都是完全備份
  不同點(diǎn)：差異備份只參考基礎(chǔ)的完全備份，
  增量備份是參考上一次的數(shù)據(jù)備份與當(dāng)前狀態(tài)進(jìn)行對比，備份被修改的文件
  增量備份效率更高，空間利用率很高，但是在安全性能不高
  mysql完全備份

• 完全備份是對整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份、數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)和文件結(jié)構(gòu)的備份

• 完全備份保存的是備份完成時(shí)刻的數(shù)據(jù)庫

• 完全備份是增量備份的基礎(chǔ)
  完全備份的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

• 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
  備份與恢復(fù)操作簡單方便

• 缺點(diǎn)
  數(shù)據(jù)存在大量的重復(fù)
  占用大量的備份空間
  備份與恢復(fù)空間長
  mysqldump備份庫
  mysqldump備份庫概述
  mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份可以采用多種方式

• 直接打包數(shù)據(jù)庫文件夾，如/usr/local/mysql/data————這種是物理層面的備份

• 使用專業(yè)備份工具 mysqldump————這種事邏輯層面的備份
  mysqldump命令對庫備份

• mysql自帶的備份工具，相當(dāng)方便對mysql進(jìn)行備份

• 通過該命令工具可以將指定的庫、表或全部的庫導(dǎo)出為sql腳本，在需要恢復(fù)時(shí)可進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)

  
  

實(shí)操
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫、表、插入數(shù)據(jù)

mysqldump命令對單個(gè)庫進(jìn)行完全備份
添加多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqldump -u root -p school > /opt/school.sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost mysql]# ls /opt/
dir_SC_UTF8              mysql-5.7.20  php-7.1.10  school.sql
mysql-2020-01-07.tar.xz  nginx-1.12.2  rh          說明.htm
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls school.sql 
school.sql
[root@localhost opt]# vim school.sql 
[root@localhost opt]# 

mysqldump命令對多個(gè)庫進(jìn)行完全備份

• mysqdump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項(xiàng)] --databases 庫名1 [庫名2]… > /備份路徑/備份文件名
  多庫備份舉例

• mysqldump -u root -p --databases auth mysql > /backup/databases-auth-mysql.sql
  對所有庫進(jìn)行完全備份

• mysqdump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項(xiàng)] --all-databases > /備份路徑/備份文件名
  所有庫備份舉例

• mysqldump -u root -p --opt --all-databases > /backup/all-data.sql
  使用mysqldump備份表的操作

• mysqdump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項(xiàng)] 數(shù)據(jù)庫名 表名 > /備份路徑/備份文件名
  備份表的舉例

• mysqldump -u root -p mysql user > /backup/mysql-user.sql

  [root@localhost opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p12341234 school info > /opt/school_info.sql
  mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  [root@localhost opt]# ls /opt/school_info.sql 
  /opt/school_info.sql
  [root@localhost opt]# vim /opt/school_info.sql 
  

  基于表結(jié)構(gòu)的備份

  [root@localhost opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p12341234 -d school info > /opt/school_infod.sql
  mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  [root@localhost opt]# vim /opt/school_infod.sql 
  

  恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫
  使用musqldump命令導(dǎo)出的SQL備份腳本，在進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)時(shí)可使用以下方法導(dǎo)入

• source命令

• mysql命令
  注意：source命令是在mysql模式下面使用；mysql命令是在linux模式下使用。
  使用source恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的步驟
  登錄到mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫
  執(zhí)行source 備份sql腳本的路徑

  mysql [(none)] > source /backup/all-data.sql
  

  示例：
  備注：備份sql腳本的路徑寫絕對路徑
  恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫，是恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫里面的表，如果此時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫也被刪除，需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)同名的數(shù)據(jù)庫————仔細(xì)查看school.sql腳本，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有school數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作

[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school;
Database changed

mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source /opt/school.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
......
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

使用mysql命令恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -u -p [密碼] < 庫備份腳本的路徑

mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost opt]# 
[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234 school < /opt/school.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name  | score |
+----+-------+-------+
|  1 | stu01 |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02 |  77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql 命令恢復(fù)舉例

• mysql -u -p < /backup/all-data.sql

恢復(fù)表的操作

• 恢復(fù)表時(shí)同樣可以使用source或者mysql命令進(jìn)行
• source恢復(fù)表的操作與恢復(fù)庫的操作相同
• 當(dāng)備份文件中只包含表的備份，而不包括創(chuàng)建庫的語句是，必須指定庫名，切目標(biāo)庫必須存在

mysql   -u  用戶名 -p  [密碼]    <   表備份腳本的路徑
mysql -u -p mysql < /backup/mysql-user.sql

mysql備份思路:
定期實(shí)施備份，制定備份計(jì)劃或者策略，并嚴(yán)格遵守
除了進(jìn)行完全備份，開啟mysql服務(wù)器的日志功能是很重要的
完全備份加上日志，可以對mysql進(jìn)行最大化還原
使用統(tǒng)一的和易理解的備份文件名稱
不要使用backup1/2這樣沒有意義的名字
推薦使用庫名或者表名加上時(shí)間的命名規(guī)則
備份文件名使用時(shí)間+業(yè)務(wù)名+庫名
要開啟服務(wù)器的日志功能

mysql增量備份
誕生增量備份的原因
解決使用mysqldump進(jìn)行完全備份時(shí)的存在的問題

• 備份數(shù)據(jù)中有重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，會造成數(shù)據(jù)冗余、占用磁盤空間

• 備份時(shí)間與回復(fù)時(shí)間長
  增量備份就是備份上一次備份之后增加或變化的文件或內(nèi)容
  增量備份的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):
  優(yōu)點(diǎn)：沒有重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，備份量不大，時(shí)間短
  缺點(diǎn)：恢復(fù)麻煩；需要上次完全備份及完全備份之后所有的增量備份才能恢復(fù)，而且要對所有增量備份進(jìn)行逐個(gè)反推恢復(fù)
  通過mysql的二進(jìn)制日志文件分割間接實(shí)現(xiàn)增量備份

• mysql沒有提供直接的增量備份方法

• 可以通過mysql提供的二進(jìn)制文件（binary logs）間接實(shí)現(xiàn)增量備份

• mysql二進(jìn)制日志對備份的意義
  二進(jìn)制日志保存了所有更新或者可能更新數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作
  二進(jìn)制日志在啟動mysql服務(wù)器后開始記錄，并在文件達(dá)到maxbinlogsize所設(shè)置的大小或者接收到flush logs命令后重新創(chuàng)建新的日志文件
  只需定時(shí)執(zhí)行flush logs方法重新創(chuàng)建新的日志，生成二進(jìn)制文件序列，并及時(shí)把這些舊的日志保存到安全的地方就完成了一個(gè)時(shí)間段的增量備份

• 二進(jìn)制文件針對位置點(diǎn)、時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有效的恢復(fù)

• 查看日志文件需要進(jìn)行解碼
  mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫增量恢復(fù)

  mysqlbinlog [–no-defaults] 增量備份文件 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p
  

  基于位置恢復(fù)
  就是將某個(gè)起始時(shí)間的二進(jìn)制日志導(dǎo)入到數(shù)據(jù)庫中，從而跳過某個(gè)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù)
  命令：

  #恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)到指定位置
  mysqlbinlog --stop-position=‘操作 id’ 二進(jìn)制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
  #從指定的位置開始恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)
  mysqlbinlog --start-position=‘操作 id’ 二進(jìn)制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
  

  基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)恢復(fù)
  使用基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)，可能會出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)里既同時(shí)存在正確的操作又存在錯(cuò)誤的操作，所以我們需要一種更為精確的恢復(fù)方式
  針對過程中的誤操作備份，如何跳過誤操作的方式————可以進(jìn)行斷點(diǎn)恢復(fù)
  語法：

  #從日志開頭截止到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)
  mysqlbinlog [–no-defaults] --stop-datetime=‘年-月-日 小時(shí)：分鐘：秒’ 二進(jìn)制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
  #從某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)到日志結(jié)尾的恢復(fù)
  mysqlbinlog [–no-defaults] --start-datetime=‘年-月-日 小時(shí)：分鐘：秒’ 二進(jìn)制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
  #從某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)
  mysqlbinlog [–no-defaults] --start-datetime=‘年-月-日 小時(shí)：分鐘：秒’ --stop-datetime=‘年-月-日 小時(shí)：分鐘：秒’ 二進(jìn)制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
  

  實(shí)操

  [root@localhost opt]# ls
  all.sql                  mysql-5.7.20  school_infod.sql
  db_school_mysql.sql      nginx-1.12.2  school_info.sql
  dir_SC_UTF8              php-7.1.10    school.sql
  mysql-2020-01-07.tar.xz  rh            說明.htm
  [root@localhost opt]# rm -rf *.sql
  [root@localhost opt]# ls
  dir_SC_UTF8              mysql-5.7.20  php-7.1.10  說明.htm
  mysql-2020-01-07.tar.xz  nginx-1.12.2  rh
  

  開啟二進(jìn)制日志功能，修改/etc/my.cnf文件，然后重啟服務(wù)

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
'log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id = 1
default-storage-engine=Myisam

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@localhost opt]# systemctl restart mysqld

查看二進(jìn)制日志文件

[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# cd data/
[root@localhost data]# ls
auto.cnf        ibdata1      ibtmp1            mysql-bin.index     sys
bbs             ib_logfile0  mysql             performance_schema
ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile1  'mysql-bin.000001'  school
[root@localhost data]# 

做增量備份前，要先進(jìn)行一次完全備份

[root@localhost data]# mysqldump -uroot -p12341234 school > /opt/school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost data]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
dir_SC_UTF8              mysql-5.7.20  php-7.1.10  school.sql
mysql-2020-01-07.tar.xz  nginx-1.12.2  rh          說明.htm
[root@localhost opt]# vim school.sql 

接下來做增量備份，此時(shí)，之前的操作被存放到001當(dāng)中，接下來的操作會被存放到002當(dāng)中

[root@localhost opt]# mysqladmin -uroot -p12341234 flush-logs
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost opt]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
auto.cnf        ibdata1      ibtmp1            mysql-bin.000002    school
bbs             ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.index     sys
ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  performance_schema

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name  | score |
+----+-------+-------+
|  1 | stu01 |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02 |  77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('test01',66);
//這個(gè)是正常操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  1 | stu01  |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from info where name='stu01';
//誤操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('test02',99);
//正常操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  4 | test02 |  99.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

此時(shí)在不知情的情況下，進(jìn)行增量備份，此時(shí)誤操作寫在了002中

[root@localhost opt]# mysqladmin -uroot -p12341234 flush-logs
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@localhost data]# ls
auto.cnf        ib_logfile0  mysql-bin.000001  performance_schema
bbs             ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000002  school
ib_buffer_pool  ibtmp1       mysql-bin.000003  sys
ibdata1         mysql        mysql-bin.index

查看日志文件：-v 顯示內(nèi)容在界面，–base64解碼器 output輸出 decode-rows 讀取按行讀取

[root@localhost data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000002 
//查看二進(jìn)制日志文件，不過可以發(fā)現(xiàn)看不懂
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
//這個(gè)是位置點(diǎn)
#200107 16:54:11 server id 1  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x76a9dc26  Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.20-log created 200107 16:54:11
//這個(gè)是時(shí)間點(diǎn)
BINLOG '
M0cUXg8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAAAAAQANS43LjIwLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
//像這樣的就是被加密的命令
[root@localhost data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002  > /opt/back.txt
//-v 顯示內(nèi)容在界面，--base64解碼器 output輸出 decode-rows 讀取按行讀取
[root@localhost data]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# vim back.txt 
//下面的截圖就是bak.txt中的數(shù)據(jù)信息

錯(cuò)誤操作截圖

200107 16:57:56 --stop-datetime /指從這個(gè)日志文件開始，執(zhí)行到這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)就停止
200107 16:58:46 --start-datetime /指這個(gè)日志文件中，從這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)開始向后面執(zhí)行
先完全備份恢復(fù)，source /opt/school.sql

[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source /opt/school.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
。。。。。。

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name  | score |
+----+-------+-------+
|  1 | stu01 |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02 |  77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

然后再增量恢復(fù)，即時(shí)間上的斷點(diǎn)恢復(fù)

[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2020-01-07 16:57:56' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.20-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  1 | stu01  |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2020-01-07 16:58:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.20-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  1 | stu01  |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
|  4 | test02 |  99.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//誤操作刪除的stu01 沒有被刪掉
mysql> 

基于位置的恢復(fù)
錯(cuò)誤操作的日志文件

[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-postion='612' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable 'stop-postion=612'
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='612' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.7.20-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  1 | stu01  |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='716' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
[root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p12341234mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.7.20-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  1 | stu01  |  88.0 |
|  2 | stu02  |  77.0 |
|  4 | test02 |  99.0 |
|  3 | test01 |  66.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc info;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(4)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(10)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults  /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p
//這個(gè)是增量恢復(fù)，將日志文件內(nèi)的所有操作全部執(zhí)行