句子的修飾成分
一、定語(yǔ)
1、什么是定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾,限定名詞,表現(xiàn)名詞品質(zhì)或特征的成分。
補(bǔ)充:定語(yǔ)的位置
前置——定語(yǔ)相對(duì)較短時(shí)
后置——定語(yǔ)相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)
在閱讀中,我們通??吹降拿~,前后幾乎都有定語(yǔ)修飾,因此可以將 “ 前置定語(yǔ)+名詞+后置定語(yǔ) ” 看成一個(gè)意群( “ 101 ” 組合)。如:
a jointed effort of more than 200 astronomers middle-income earners tired of the urban life.
2、什么可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)
① 單詞:形容詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,數(shù)詞
② 短語(yǔ):介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞,形容詞性短語(yǔ)
③ 從句:定語(yǔ)從句
例:
①?Little streams feed big rivers.(形容詞)
②?This is a lemon tree.(名詞)
③?This is a swimming pool.(動(dòng)名詞)
④?I have a dream to travel around the world.(動(dòng)詞不定式)
⑤?We must figure out a solution to this problem.(介詞短語(yǔ))
⑥?The pill is helpful for people suffering from persisted nightmare.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
⑦?We can learn some languages used to describe monetary policy.(過(guò)去分詞)
⑧?Those are elements necessary to succed in life and school.(形容詞性短語(yǔ))
There are many people who cannot understand the best literatureof our time.(定語(yǔ)從句)
二、狀語(yǔ)
1、什么是狀語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的修飾成分
2、什么可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)
① 單詞:副詞
② 短語(yǔ):介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞
③ 從句:狀語(yǔ)從句
例:
①?He speaks the language badly but reads it well.(副詞→動(dòng)詞)
②?Fortunately , we won the game.(副詞→句子)
③?He has always lived in that house.(副詞&介詞短語(yǔ)→動(dòng)詞)
④?We stopped , in order to look at the view.(介詞短語(yǔ)→句子)
⑤?To kill the bugs , spray the area regularly.(動(dòng)詞不定式→句子,副詞→動(dòng)詞)
⑥?Arriving at the station , we learned that the train had already gone.(現(xiàn)在分詞→句子)
⑦ At the end of the film , we were in tears.(介詞短語(yǔ)→句子)
⑧ Although he is ugly, he is gentle.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
三、同位語(yǔ)
1、什么是同位語(yǔ)
解釋,說(shuō)明,補(bǔ)充名詞的成分,一定放在名詞后面。
對(duì)比:
定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾,限定名詞的成分,位置短則前置,長(zhǎng)則后置
這是一棟高高的房子,擁有大大的窗戶,綠綠的墻,紅紅的磚
這是一棟木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的房子——?一個(gè)古老的建筑(同位語(yǔ))
2、什么可以充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)
① 名詞:對(duì)大多數(shù)同位語(yǔ)的情況
② 同位語(yǔ)從句:考研閱讀/翻譯重點(diǎn)
例:
① I have two chlldren , a boy and a girl.(名詞)
② Their proposal , to concenteate on primary education , has met with opposition.()
③ The first plan , attacking at night , was turned dowm.(動(dòng)名詞)
④ The news that we are having a holiday is not true.(?同位語(yǔ)從句)