Accessibility

無障礙

Accessibility is a measure of the degree to which travel opportunities and destinations are available in a region，city，town，or building.

無障礙（可達(dá)性）是衡量一個(gè)地區(qū)，城市，城鎮(zhèn)或建筑物的作為旅游和目的地程度的標(biāo)尺。

In urban design terms，it is the ease with which it is possible to reach a location from another location by public transit，private vehicle，bicycle，or as a pedestrian.

在城市設(shè)計(jì)方面，通過公共交通工具，私人車輛，自行車或行人可以輕松地從另一個(gè)位置到達(dá)某個(gè)位置。

The presence of a diverse mix of land uses and activities within close proximity is the most important factor for high accessibility.Connectify enhances accessibility since a robust network of streets can reduce the travel time and the difficulty of reaching a particular location.

土地的混合使用和近在咫尺的活動(dòng)是高可達(dá)性的最重要因素。連通性增強(qiáng)了可訪問性，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大的路網(wǎng)可以減少通達(dá)的時(shí)間和到達(dá)特定位置的難度。

Fast-food establishments，drive-through services，big-box retail，and other developments that can only be accessed by automobile are inaccessible to people who cannot drive or do not own an automobile.For example，the number of seniors unable to drive safely is increasing，but the auto-centric model of development discriminates against such nondriving populations.Auto-centric forms are unsustainable and should not be emulated，especially in developing countries.

不懂駕駛或沒有汽車的人無法進(jìn)入快餐店，直通車服務(wù)，大型零售店以及其他只能通過汽車進(jìn)入的設(shè)施。例如，不能安全駕駛的老年人數(shù)量正在增加，但以自助為核心的發(fā)展模式將這些不開車的人群拒之門外。以自助為核心的開發(fā)形式是不可持續(xù)的，不應(yīng)該被模仿，尤其在發(fā)展中國家。

At the scale of a building，all spaces that serve the public should be universally accessible to everyone irrespective of their disabilities，race，color，sex，national origin，age，and religion.The Americans with Disabilities Act（ADA） requires that commercial spaces and large multifamily buildings be accessible to those who are unable to climb stairs.Barriers to access formed by stairs and other changes in level is a factor that merits particular attention by designers.

在建筑物的規(guī)模上，所有為公眾服務(wù)的空間應(yīng)該是每個(gè)人都可以普遍使用的，無論他們是否殘疾，或種族，膚色，性別，國籍，年齡和宗教信仰如何。美國殘疾人法案（ADA）要求商業(yè)空間和大型多戶住宅建筑可以提供給那些無法爬樓梯的人使用。由于樓梯或其他高差變化引起的通行障礙是設(shè)計(jì)師特別關(guān)注的一個(gè)因素。

The ADA allows disabled individuals to participate in activities to be productive citizens.It recognizes that barriers to employment，transportation，public accommodations，public services，and telecommunications have imposed staggering economic and social costs on society.By addressing and removing barriers，the civil rights of individuals with disabilities is protected.

美國殘疾人法案（ADA）承諾殘障人士積極地參與活動(dòng)以成為有生產(chǎn)力的公民。但必須認(rèn)識到通行障礙給社會的各個(gè)方面，包括就業(yè)，交通，公共設(shè)施，公共服務(wù)和電信等，造成了驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會代價(jià)。通過解決和消除通行障礙，才能使每一個(gè)殘障公民的權(quán)利受到保護(hù)。