目錄? · · · · · ·
序 這本書是講什么的？
致謝
第一章 也許你能看到自己的影子
科學(xué)家是干什么的？――技能取向VS科研課題取向
時間就是生命
了解自己：不要錯失好的工作機會
擁有博士學(xué)位的技術(shù)員
制度化的沖突
讓父母高興：到底是舞出誰的人生？
尋找良師
第二章 來自一個“老古董”的建議？
你會不會期待一個卓越的導(dǎo)師，他的出現(xiàn)讓科學(xué)界看起來從此不同？
第三章 重要的選擇：論文導(dǎo)師和博士后崗位
選一位杰出科學(xué)家做論文導(dǎo)師
選擇博士后職位
第四章 學(xué)術(shù)報告
科學(xué)家當主持人
引言
演講技巧
不要挑戰(zhàn)觀眾的耐心
技術(shù)因素
小結(jié)
補充讀物
第五章 論文寫作：不發(fā)表就完蛋
時機把握
寫出具有說服力的文章
生動活潑的文章
評審人
補充讀物
第六章 從初出茅廬到獲得終身職位：職業(yè)道路的選擇
學(xué)術(shù)職位的利與弊
企業(yè)和政府研究崗位
收入的問題
補充讀物
第七章 求職面試
求職切勿淺嘗輒止
老板們的看法
記住，你是如何步入卡內(nèi)基音樂廳的
對工作邀請的答復(fù)
第八章 申請經(jīng)費
經(jīng)費申請書應(yīng)該怎么寫？
第九章 制定研究方案
時間就是一切
及時性與重要性
技術(shù)導(dǎo)向與問題導(dǎo)向的比較
戰(zhàn)略性的思路
建立自己的聲望
有風險的職業(yè)
第十章 科研生存小貼士
襟翼放下前，不要嘗試起飛。
后記 經(jīng)驗是最好的導(dǎo)師（只要經(jīng)驗不是致命的錯誤）
行為主義者向職業(yè)成功的攀登
· · · · · · (收起)
序 這本書是講什么的
致謝
第1章 你在這幅畫中看到自己嗎?
一組非故事性的短文，展示年輕科學(xué)家在自己的研究生涯中過著不必要的苦惱生活，或在打造自己時遭遇挫折的一些情形。
科學(xué)家是干什么的?——技術(shù)取向還是課題取向?
時間就是一切
了解你自己:一個甜蜜的職位會變酸
博士技師
同室操戈
取悅父母:究竟為誰而活?
找一個咨詢師
第2章 重要抉擇:論文導(dǎo)師和博士后崗位
要考慮什么:年輕導(dǎo)師與資深導(dǎo)師孰佳，超級明星抑或熟練短工，小型研究組與“科研工廠”的比較，了解和關(guān)注你做博士后的利益。
一位杰出科學(xué)家做論文導(dǎo)師
博士后職位的挑選
第3章 做學(xué)術(shù)報告
做有準備的報告，使人們想聘用和留用你，也使你所展示的信息易于吸收
科學(xué)家充當演出主持人
前言
講壇技巧
不要試圖考驗他們的耐性
技術(shù)方面
小結(jié)
補充讀物
第4章 寫論文:要么發(fā)表要么完蛋
撰寫好的論文為什么重要，什么時候?qū)懀鯓影炎x者吸引住，如何使你的成果吸引眼球。
時機掌握
撰寫無可挑剔的論文
活潑流暢的論文
論文評審人
補充讀物
第5章 從初出茅廬到終身職位:選擇職業(yè)道路
科研院所、工業(yè)和政府實驗室就業(yè)優(yōu)點的實事求是的比較。
學(xué)術(shù)職位的得與失
工業(yè)與政府研究崗位
錢
補充讀物
第6章 應(yīng)聘面試
在你求職面試之旅中會遇到什么，哪些問題應(yīng)作好回答的準備。
淺嘗輒止者戒
用人單位的觀點
記住，你是怎樣到達卡內(nèi)基音樂廳的
回應(yīng)職務(wù)聘請
第7章 弄經(jīng)費
好的經(jīng)費申請書中應(yīng)寫些什么，怎樣寫，何時寫。
你的申請書應(yīng)該寫什么
第8章 制定研究方案
按照自己的能力和所處的人生階段，調(diào)整你的研究工作，例如，當你得到兩年期的博士后崗位時，為什么不宜動手做五年期計劃的工作。
時間就是一切
技術(shù)導(dǎo)向與課題導(dǎo)向的比較
策略考慮
為自己樹名
有風險的職業(yè)
跋 經(jīng)驗是最好的老師（只要不是慘痛的經(jīng)驗）
一名行為主義者向職業(yè)成功的攀登。
Experience is the best teacher (but only when the experience isn't fatal.
It should be obvious that the problem with waiting for experience to dictate appropriate behaviors is that one is very likely to fail as a result of the bad experiences that are supposed to produce the appropriate feelings.
The result the author had hoped for in writing this book is that you will become more reflective about your career and will act in a way that is appropriate to being successful and productive
No matter how well you do what the book had told you, you will certainly still experience difficult times, have regrets about some of your choices, and possibly fail anyway. Nevertheless, your chances for having a scientific career will be greatly improved.
From my perspective, It is far better to learn from the bad eperiences of others than from your own.
This book is all about the bad experience you can learn from to avoid the " fatal experience"
I wish you every success：）
二
說實話，這書和我關(guān)系不大。因為自己從來沒想過自己能讀到Phd，更何況作者認為，phd還不夠了。這里的不夠有兩層意思：1. 讀到Phd并不能給了一個完美的學(xué)術(shù)生涯 2. 對于搞科研和以后在學(xué)術(shù)界混，PHD是必須的，但是還不夠。
之后就是作者的一些指導(dǎo)和建議，他認為科研，學(xué)術(shù)和生活，社交，和financial well-being是可以實現(xiàn)平衡的，你并不一定要忙得要命，或者很窮，或者像個呆子那樣整天做實驗。The focus is on strategic thinking。
沒錯，一切的關(guān)鍵在于戰(zhàn)略性思考。這也是貫穿全書的一個分析問題的思考過程。每一步都需要深思熟慮，做好明確的規(guī)劃，同時考慮時機的把握，長期目標和短期目標的平衡，不要理想主義，要現(xiàn)實，別犯傻，不想沒飯吃，就要平衡自己理想和屁股位置的關(guān)系。
三
這書不會教你怎樣去拿Nobel prices（作者也想有人教他?。?，但是會讓你對于如何在學(xué)術(shù)界混得不錯會很有幫助。而其中很多的一些準則和技巧，對于職場，我想也一樣適用。書上的思考和分析過程，很值得借鑒。
最后作者說，經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。但是有些錯誤是致命的。It is far better to learn from the bad eqeriences of others than from your own
有這么一句話，聰明人從犯錯中學(xué)習。智者，從別人的錯誤中學(xué)習。
希望這本書，能讓你學(xué)習到別人的失敗經(jīng)驗，以后，自己不至于撞得頭破血流，過一把成為智者的癮：）
2011.3.20
By Hammer
Readingnote:
我的筆記好長，花了自己很多時間，也不知道有沒人看，呵。但是有一個好處，就是我把這書所有想知道的東西都整理好，我以后都不用再看這本書了：）
1.導(dǎo)師“懶”真的傷不起。會誤導(dǎo)很多學(xué)生
Many professional scientists believe that "good" students find their way on their own, while the remainder cannot be helped. This justifies neglect, and perhaps not incidentally, reduces work load
2.一離開學(xué)校，就要爭分奪秒了！
Once you leave graduate school, the clock isTicking
3.找一個有經(jīng)驗的前輩咨詢有必要的。不要害怕。每個人都喜歡給忠告
The best preparation you can make toward the goal of having a entific career is to find yourself a "research aunt or uncle,"someone with little or no authority over you, who hasenough experience to act as a sounding board and giver of accurate advice. Do not be shy about getting to know people outside your advisor's realm. The scientists at your lab will very likely cherish the human contact. They spend lots of time behind the closed doors of lab and office, and everybody likes to give advice.
4.沒時間給你浪費，不想shi就做好準備
You have little time to waste, because it will not be long after you begin your postdoctoral work that you will be
back on the job market.
The clock starts ticking when you get to your new location.
Whatever you do before you leave the nest of graduate school doesn't count, for all practical purposes
5,找工作的原則
Once you do take a postdoctoral position, the keys to success are 1) Finish something, and 2) make yourself known and useful.Finishingprojects and having a story to tell are essential
6.不要追求完美主義，現(xiàn)實點。能做多點就多點。簡歷好看。以后找工作也容易。
As a postdoc, under time pressure, you may have to sacrifice your desire for perfection, you may have to live with the fear that you haven't got everyhmg just right, in order to develop a story that you can use to sell yourself. This is not cynicism but realism, and is worth remembering you’re your entire career.
7.努力工作，沒時間給你浪費！
Above all, during your postdoc years, work hard! You
have only a short time to prove yourself. Do not slough off
now. There is no time to waste. Your postdoctoral years
represent the most intensely important period in determining
whether you will have a career.
8.面試準則，換位思考，說服人，你是有價值的。學(xué)術(shù)報告也是要源于這個原則，也是一個展現(xiàn)你自己的一個機會。
On a job interview trip, your task is to persuade a significant fraction of the professionals who see you that they would be excited to have you as a colleague. The seminar that you present is your best opportunity to convey the message that you are the person to hire. The same applies when you report on your progress after a year or two in a new position. The colleagues who know you best may already think very highly of you. But they have only a few "votes." By giving a good seminar you can add to the base of support that you will need to be kept on or promoted. Finally, remember that few professional scientists have much time for reading. The way that they learn of new and interesting work, nowadays, is by going to meetings and listening to seminars. If you present your work well in
these venues you will be much better able to attract a following. Having a following is an excellent form of job security.
9.永遠不要高估你的觀眾。你要講一些對他們重要的東西，并且不用介意你講的他們已經(jīng)知道，因為這會讓他們感覺良好
A fundamental principle, in preparing a talk, is never overestimate your audience They want you to say
what is important in the area of interest, particularly if
what is important happens to be their own work! They
don't mind hearing things they already understand-it
makes folks feel good to understand something.
10.學(xué)術(shù)報告的準則：(也適用于其他演講）
1. Your seminar is a performance. It needs to be carefully
planned and thoroughly rehearsed.
2. Present yourself confidently. Act as though you have
enjoyed doing your research and that your results are exciting
to you.
3. Respect your audience. They are spending an hour to
hear you. They want to understand what you have to say,
even if your specialty is not theirs. They do not want to be
"snowed," nor do they want to be treated as "experts" in a
field where they really are not.
4. Do not waste your time with filler. Make sure each
slide pushes your story forward. If your talk is a bit too
short, no one will object.
5. Make your visual aids pleasing to the eye without too
much of a Madison Avenue look.
Thanks for your attention!
11.剛開始的時候，你真的各種苦逼，所以接下來，你一定要讓自己得到盡可能多的認可，展現(xiàn)自己的實力
As a beginning scientist, not only are your hours long and your pay low, but your job security is anything but assured. To succeed, you
must make your talents well known and widely appreciated.
12.寫作很重要。別啰嗦。別裝逼。用簡潔直接的語言。（幾乎所有教寫作的書都這么說的了）
it is all too easy to write an accurate description of your work that attracts no attention and that adds little to your scientific
reputation, even when your results are significant. Learning
to write articles that people will read and remember will make you a more effective scientist. It will also enhance your chances for survival as a researcher.
This is important, not only to provide your readers with a way of understanding your area of research, but also because your scientific colleagues are very eager to get credit for their
achievements. (This is not just vanity. Scientists' careers are built on the perceived importance or usefulness of their search results.) You have much to gain and little to lose by scrupulously citing your competitors' work
Journals seemed to require writing papers in the passive mood, as in "the data were obtained using the following novel method" rather than "I developed the following novel method to obtain the data." More recently, it has become possible to drop the phoniness of this style and to reveal in your papers that you actually did the work that
you are reporting. I greatly prefer the more straightforward style and recommend that you use it.
13.老兄，現(xiàn)實點。別太理想主義。你理想再崇高，你還是要吃飯。你也想有時間陪陪家人，溜溜狗，和朋友吃一頓，度度假，有時間看本小說吧？
As a scientist, your goals are to make exciting discoveries,
to change the way your colleagues and maybe even the
public-at-large view the world, and generally to improve
people's lives. However, need I remind you, you will remain
a human being, with human needs, even while you
are pushing back the frontiers of ignorance. No matter
how romantically you view your role in research, you will
not be happy without a secure, well-paid job. You will
want help in accomplishing your research goals and recognition
for your achievements. You will probably want to see your family on a regular basis, and more generally, to have enough free time to engage in activities outside your
professional life.
Economic conditions may limit your choices, but if you
are fortunate enough to have more than one job possibility,
this exercise will save you considerable stress. It may
have a significant effect on your financial well-being. It
may save your marriage. I harbor a secret hope: If enough
of you start to act rationally, the system may eventually be
rationalized
14.這個也很現(xiàn)實。不是打擊你，你要想想5年后，當你同學(xué)和朋友，工資，職位，甚至可支配的時間都遠遠超過你，你還是那個熊樣，你那時就只能酸葡萄：我的工作比他們快樂。。。
There are pleasures to working as an assistant professor.
Teaching and interacting with students can be exciting.
The university environment is in itself very stimulating.
There are certainly more hn& of people with more &-
verse interests than in any industrial lab. You do get respect
from the community. On the other hand, the price of
being an assistant professor is much too high. The hours
are long, the pay is terrible, and the job security is bad. After
your years of study for a Ph.D. and further years as a
postdoctoral apprentice, you will probably be about thirty
years old. You'll probably be starting a family. Your former
colleagues who went to engineering or business school
will be making their way in the world, earning good salaries,
and having time to participate in activities outside
their jobs
15.去大的實驗室的好處，可能也是去大公司的好處。好，畢業(yè)后我要去大公司！^_^
Obviously, if you work in a managed lab, you need to have some feeling that you will not be subject to a tooheavy hand. A bigger lab, for example, will provide you more freedom to correct a bad situation than a smaller one. At a large lab, if you just can't get along with your supervisor, there may be several other groups who would be happy to benefit from your wisdom and whose supervisors
would be easier to deal with. As your reputation grows, of course, your management will look to you for new ideas and will be less likely to suggest that you change directions. In a sense, this is another aspect of the reward system in a managed environment. The more credibly you play the role of a scientific leader, the more freedom you will have to follow your own research ideas. This
is a real incentive, I can assure you.
Circumstances, economic, family, or other, may prevent
you from following the optimal career trajectory. But at
least I hope you will now go into the job market with a
clear idea of how you would like to arrange your career
and why.
16.面試前做好準備總是好的。面試后的問問題環(huán)節(jié)其實是你展示你自己和給人留下印象的一個機會，好好把握吧。
The best preparation for a job interview, just as in the
case of exams in school, is to work out in advance what
questions are likely to be asked and to have answers for
them.
Few days after your personal interviews are done and
you have gone home, staffers that you visited will be trying
to remember what you said in order to write up impressions
of your performance. If you were able to ask intelligent and pointed questions about various staff members' work, and to explain how your research will complement their own, their memories will be excellent, and it will be easy for them to write glowing reviews. If you
hadn't a clue what is going on in their labs, and expressed no understanding of how your work might help them achieve their goals, their memories will need refreshing, or perhaps they will be wondering whether you have the desire and/or the ability to make a serious contribution.
Whatever thinking you have done in advance and written preparation you have made will lighten your burdens and may keep you out of the panic mode.
17.在收到幾個offer之后，選擇的原則是，一切是你自己為中心??！拒絕的時候，不需要有內(nèi)疚感，別拿自己的幸福開玩笑！
It is not infrequent that an institution offering you a position
will want an acceptance or rejection within some
time limit, for example so that it can make a timely offer,
or send a rejection letter to a runner-up for the job. This
may put you under considerable pressure, if other places
where you have interviewed are moving too slowly. If you
are not prepared to answer yes or no as a deadline approaches,
you should ask for more time. If the extra time is
not accorded, in deciding how to respond you should
keep in mind that it is your life and your happiness that
are paramount. If you are unwilling to let go of offer number
one while waiting to hear from institution number two,
it might be reasonable to accept the first offer. If the later
offer is better, you can take it and apologize to the first offerers
for changing your decision to accept. You will not
make friends by withdrawing your acceptance, and breaking
a promise is certainly not something you should do
lightly or often. Nevertheless, your life comes first. If an institution
"plays rough" by pressuring you for a decision, it
should be prepared to accept the fruits of its tactics. It has
probably experienced such consequences before.
18.如果不是不必要，謙虛一點總是好的
Without being unnecessarily modest, understatement is likely to win you more respect than overstatement of your possibilities
19、全書重點，戰(zhàn)略性思考。長期目標和短期目標的平衡。有些人就是喜歡看數(shù)字，看證書，你迎合他們其實并不是壞事，可能會給你機會。你也可以繼續(xù)做自己的長期目標。關(guān)鍵在于時機的把握，和知道什么時候做什么重要。
There are several strategies for establishing a record of accomplishment that will help make you more salable or will enhance your chances of winning promotion to a "continuing" scientific job. The most obvious is to aim at an important long-term goal by planning your work as a sequence of short-term projects
If you have pub- lished twice as many articles, this "objective measure" of their impact will be roughly twice as great. You may find this idea crass. I do. But it is safe to assume that there will be bean-counters among those who determine your fu- ture, and it certainly does you no harm to please them.
20. 追隨潮流之前的思考
Before moving into a fashionable field, you must ask yourself whether you have a realistic chance of emerging from the mob as someone who has made an important advance. If the problem is solved and this hot area is the only one you know well, how long will it take you to establish yourself in another one? Are your ideas sufficiently different from others' that you can hope to beat the competition to the answer?
A less risky course is to try to lead rather than to follow fashion. This mode is not for everyone-but my style is to select a problem of obvious importance, one that is recog- nized as difficult because its solution will involve a great deal of work. By investing my labor in such a problem, I stake it out as mine. My peers have no trouble distinguish- ing my contributions from those of others working in the same area. I have few if any competitors. No one wants to work so hard
關(guān)于這段很大啟發(fā)，
亞馬遜創(chuàng)始人杰夫貝佐斯說過，
追隨潮流是很難的，更好的方式是投身于自己真正熱愛的事業(yè)當中，然后等待。等待潮流來追隨你。
找到自己真正熱愛的東西，然后為之奮斗一輩子，這是多么幸運并且幸福的事：）
