本文節(jié)選自《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》的一篇文章，介紹了有相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性更容易罹患癌癥的相關(guān)內(nèi)容
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Gina Hollenbeck said she did “everything right.” The?Tennessee?nurse and mother of two?avoided cigarettes all her life. She ate organic food. She ran half marathons and played competitive tennis. But in 2015, she?developed a persistent cough?and?rapidly lost weight. She didn’t have a?primary-care doctor, so she consulted several specialists. For months, none could?identify what was wrong. Finally, she?paid out of pocket for?chest X-rays and took them to an emergency room, where shewas referred to?a pulmonologist who?diagnosed her with?advanced lung cancer.
avoid cigarettes all her life：避免接觸煙類物質(zhì)，一輩子不吸煙【地道表達】
Tennessee：田納西州
develop a persistent cough：develop sth 患病，患病還可以表達為suffer from sth，但是兩者的區(qū)別在于develop有一種發(fā)展的意思，是主動的；suffer from a disease雖然也是患病，但是詞意更傾向于疾病為主動，而主語被迫罹患該疾病。persistent cough指的是持續(xù)性咳嗽，咳嗽不止【同義替換】
rapidly lost weight：體重迅速下降，通常發(fā)生在癌癥。
primary-care doctor：初級保健醫(yī)師
identify what was wrong：identify是確認(rèn)，找出，可以和某種疾病等搭配，identify what was wrong即找出問題出在哪里
pay out of pocket for sth：把口袋里的錢全部花完【詞組積累】
be referred to：叫某人去……看病【詞組積累】
diagnose sb with a disease：診斷某人為某病【詞組積累】
advanced lung cancer：晚期肺癌
Gina Hollenbeck說她每件事都做對了，這個田納西州的護士，兩個孩子的母親一輩子都沒抽過煙，她吃有機食物，她跑半馬，打網(wǎng)球。但2015年，她出現(xiàn)了持續(xù)性咳嗽和體重迅速下降。她沒有初級保健醫(yī)師，因此她咨詢了幾個專家。幾個月來，沒有人可以弄清楚她的疾病。最終，她花光了口袋里的所有錢做了X線，并帶到急診室，找到一個肺病醫(yī)生，最終被診斷為晚期肺癌。
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“I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’” says Hollenbeck, who is now 42 and still not?in remission. “Everybody kept saying, ‘There’s no way that?you?could possibly?have lung cancer.’” Hollenbeckrepresents a worrying caveat to?what is otherwise?a great success for the U.S. medical system. Overall lung-cancer rates have?fallen significantly?in recent decades—but women, who have traditionally smoked less than men and thus developed and died from lung cancer less often, nowaccount for a disproportionately high number of?diagnoses.
I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’：我說，這是個殘忍的玩笑。例如，"She had just split up from Brad Pitt, " he says, "she was like poor Jennifer and I was like 'I'm going to make you so hot'. "“她當(dāng)時剛剛與布拉德-皮特（BradPitt）分手，”他表示，“她就像個可憐的孩子，而我對她說，‘我將讓你性感至極。” 【詞組積累】
in remission：緩解。例如A year of chemotherapy put the disease in remission一年的化療緩解了病情?！驹~組積累】
There’s no way that sb could possibly do：某人不可能做某事
Sth represents a worrying caveat to what is otherwise a……：盡管……，某事對其來說是一個令人擔(dān)憂的警告【句式】
fall significantly：大幅下降【搭配】
account for：占據(jù)
a disproportionately high number of：一個不成比例的高的數(shù)字，可以理解為非常高【搭配】
42歲的Hollenbeck說，“我說，‘這是個殘忍的玩笑?！?，她的癌癥仍然沒有得到緩解?！懊總€人都在說，‘你不可能得肺癌的。’”盡管，美國的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)是一個巨大的成功，但Hollenbeck的病例是一個令人擔(dān)憂的警告?？偟姆伟┞式陙硐陆得黠@——但女性，一向是比男性吸煙少，且罹患和死于肺癌的也少的，如今，也占據(jù)了較高的診斷率。
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Scientists are beginning to?zero in on?some clues. Research shows that the type of lung cancer?most common among?nonsmokers disproportionately affects women, and young women are more likely to have?a gene mutation?often found in the tumors of nonsmokers. Other?hypotheses?focus on how cigarettes affect women who do smoke. Jemal says something about female biology could make women more?susceptible?than men?to?genetic mutations caused by?carcinogens?in cigarettes. If so, a higher percentage of women who?pick up the habit?could develop cancer,?relative to?men. But that remains a theory?requiring deeper investigation.
zero in on：對…集中注意力；專注于；瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)，即focus on【同義替換】
most common among a group of things：在一類事中最常見的其中一個
a gene mutation：基因突變
hypotheses：hypothesis的復(fù)數(shù)形式：假說，假設(shè)。
susceptible?to sth：易受……影響【詞組積累】
carcinogen：致癌物，carcino-代表“癌”
pick up the habit：養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣，pick up 有學(xué)會，獲得的意思，這里引申為pick up a habit，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣【詞組積累】
relative to：相對于……【詞組積累】
requiring deeper investigation：需要進一步的調(diào)查，deeper，更深一步的，進一步地
科學(xué)家們開始關(guān)注一些線索。研究表明在非吸煙患者中最常見類型的肺癌，不成比例地影響女性，在非吸煙者的腫瘤中，年輕的女性更可能有基因突變。其他假說則關(guān)注香煙是如何影響那些確實吸煙的女性。Jemal說女性的生理使得她們比男人更易受香煙中致癌物引起的基因突變。如果真是如此，相對于男性，更多有吸煙習(xí)慣的女性會罹患癌癥。但那仍然是一個需要進一步調(diào)查的學(xué)說。
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Without?firm answers?about the risks women face, doctors, patients and advocates are?spreading the word?about lung cancer among women and nonsmokers. About 1,400 people have joined a Facebook support group Hollenbeck helped start, and she’s working to?push through a federal bill?that wouldfurther research into?women and lung cancer. “Our society believes that lung cancer?is a smoking disease,” she says. But for young women like Hollenbeck, that’s increasingly untrue. She hopes her story teaches women that lung cancer doesn’t discriminate and that they shouldn’t?hesitate to?get help. “If you feel like something might be wrong,” she says, “always?go with that intuition.”
firm answers：確切的答案【搭配】
spread the word about：散布消息，word表示信息；消息a piece of information or news【搭配】
push through a federal bill：推動、促成一項聯(lián)邦法案，put through有促成，推動，推行某個法案的意思【詞組積累】
further research into women and lung cancer：進一步進行女性和肺癌的研究，further research指的是做進一步的研究，into sth表示研究的內(nèi)容主要是什么?！驹~組積累】
is a smoking disease：是一個吸煙引起的疾病
hesitate to：猶豫做某事【詞組積累】
go with that intuition：跟著那個直覺走，intuition直覺。
女性面臨的風(fēng)險沒有確切的答案，醫(yī)生、病人和擁護者在女性和非吸煙者中散布關(guān)于肺癌的消息。大約1400人參加了一個Hollenbeck幫助開始的臉書支持小組，她正致力于推動一項聯(lián)邦法案，進一步研究女性和肺癌。她說“我們的社會相信肺癌是吸煙引起的?！钡?，對于Hollenbeck這樣的年輕女性，那越來越不正確了。她希望她的故事告訴告誡女性，肺癌并不歧視性別，而我們也不應(yīng)該在需要幫助時遲疑，“如果你覺得有些不對了，跟著那個感覺走?！?/p>
微信公眾號：英語沙塔
總結(jié)
pay out of pocket for sth：把口袋里的錢全部花完【詞組積累】
be referred to：叫某人去……看病【詞組積累】
diagnose sb with a disease：診斷某人為某病【詞組積累】
I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’：我說，這是個殘忍的玩笑。例如，"She had just split up from Brad Pitt, " he says, "she was like poor Jennifer and I was like 'I'm going to make you so hot'. "“她當(dāng)時剛剛與布拉德-皮特（BradPitt）分手，”他表示，“她就像個可憐的孩子，而我對她說，‘我將讓你性感至極?！?【詞組積累】
in remission：緩解。例如A year of chemotherapy put the disease in remission一年的化療緩解了病情。【詞組積累】
susceptible?to sth：易受……影響【詞組積累】
pick up the habit：養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣，pick up 有學(xué)會，獲得的意思，這里引申為pick up a habit，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣【詞組積累】
relative to：相對于……【詞組積累】
push through a federal bill：推動、促成一項聯(lián)邦法案，put through有促成，推動，推行某個法案的意思【詞組積累】
further research into women and lung cancer：進一步進行女性和肺癌的研究，further research指的是做進一步的研究，into sth表示研究的內(nèi)容主要是什么?！驹~組積累】
hesitate to：猶豫做某事【詞組積累】
avoid cigarettes all her life：避免接觸煙類物質(zhì)，一輩子不吸煙【地道表達】
Sth represents a worrying caveat to what is otherwise a……：盡管……，某事對
其來說是一個令人擔(dān)憂的警告【句式】
fall significantly：大幅下降【搭配】
a disproportionately high number of：一個不成比例的高的數(shù)字，可以理解為非常高【搭配】
firm answers：確切的答案【搭配】
spread the word about：散布消息，word表示信息；消息a piece of information or news【搭配】
develop a persistent cough：develop sth 患病，患病還可以表達為suffer from sth，但是兩者的區(qū)別在于develop有一種發(fā)展的意思，是主動的；suffer from a disease雖然也是患病，但是詞意更傾向于疾病為主動，而主語被迫罹患該疾病。
persistent cough指的是持續(xù)性咳嗽，咳嗽不止【同義替換】
zero in on：對…集中注意力；專注于；瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)，即focus on【同義替換】
