獲得用戶輸入是,使用`input()`函數(shù)。此外,還要使用while循環(huán)讓程序不斷運(yùn)行,直到指定的條件不滿足為止。
5.1、函數(shù)input()工作原理
input()讓程序暫停運(yùn)行,等待用戶輸入一些文本,獲得用戶輸入后,將其存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)變量中,以方便程序使用。
message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)
5.1.1、使用int()來(lái)獲取數(shù)值輸入
使用input()輸入時(shí),python將用戶輸入保存為字符串。
可以使用int()函數(shù)將input()獲得的值轉(zhuǎn)化為int類型
age = input("How old are you: ")
age = int(age)
5.1.2、求模運(yùn)算符
求模運(yùn)算符%將兩個(gè)數(shù)相除并返回余數(shù)
4%3 = 1
5%3 = 2
number = input("Enter a number, and I`ll tell you if it`s even or odd: ")
number = int(number)
if number % 2 = 0:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " si odd.")
5.2、while循環(huán)
for循環(huán)針對(duì)集合中的每個(gè)元素,而while循環(huán)不斷地運(yùn)行,知道指定的條件不滿足為止
5.2.1、使用while循環(huán)
你可以使用while循環(huán)來(lái)數(shù)數(shù)
current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
print(current_number)
current_number += 1
5.2.2、讓用戶選擇何時(shí)退出
prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
message = input(prompt)
print(message)
5.2.3、使用標(biāo)志
定義一個(gè)變量,用于判斷整個(gè)程序是否處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài),這個(gè)變量被稱為標(biāo)志。
prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
active = True
while active:
message = input(prompt)
if message = 'quit':
active = False
else:
print(message)
5.2.4、使用break退出循環(huán)
要立即退出while循環(huán),不在運(yùn)行循環(huán)中余下的代碼,可以使用break語(yǔ)句。
prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it for you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
while True:
message = input(prompt)
if message == 'quit':
break
else:
print(message)
5.2.5、在循環(huán)中使用continue
要返回到循環(huán)開(kāi)頭,并根據(jù)條件測(cè)試結(jié)果決定是否繼續(xù)執(zhí)行循環(huán),可使用continue語(yǔ)句。
current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
current_number += 1
if current_number % 2 == 0:
continue
print(current_number)
5.3、使用while循環(huán)來(lái)處理列表和字典
5.3.1、在列表之間移動(dòng)元素
userconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []
while unconfirmed_users:
current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
cofirmed_users.append(current_user)
5.3.2、刪除列表中重復(fù)元素
刪除列表中特定元素使用remove()函數(shù),但是函數(shù)只能刪除一個(gè)特定值,可以配合while遍歷整個(gè)列表,將所有特定值全部刪除
pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)
5.3.3、使用用戶輸入來(lái)填充字典
可使用while提示用戶輸入任意數(shù)量的信息。
response = {}
poll_active = True
while poll_active:
name = input("\nWhat is your name?")
response = input("which mountain sould you like to climb someday?")
response[name] = response
repeat = input("would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no)")
if repeat = 'no':
polling_active = False
print("\n--poll results--")
for name, response in responses.items():
print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")