前言
本文用 Hardhat + OpenZeppelin 5.x，完成一條「可鑄造、可提現(xiàn)、帶版稅」的 ERC-721 代幣主網(wǎng)流水線，分別為智能合約和前端兩部分，本文主要介紹智能合約相關(guān)開發(fā)的內(nèi)容；
前期準(zhǔn)備
- 使用hardhat創(chuàng)建項目：這里就不贅述了具體可以作者的另一篇文章《智能合約開發(fā)、測試、部署全流程（實操篇）》
- 如果感覺麻煩也可以使用Remix在線編輯器來快速驗證：可以參考《 Remix IDE 智能合約開發(fā)全指南：從編碼到部署調(diào)試》
編譯合約
合約說明：
- 鑄造
create()（含退款） - 提現(xiàn)
withdraw() - ERC-2981 默認(rèn)版稅 & 單 Token 版稅
- 權(quán)限控制（Ownable）
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/*
安裝：
npm i @openzeppelin/contracts@5.4
*/
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/common/ERC2981.sol";
contract SimpleClosedNFT is ERC721URIStorage, ERC2981, Ownable {
uint256 public nextTokenId = 1;
uint96 public constant FEE_DENOMINATOR = 10_000; // 100% = 10000
mapping(uint256 => uint256) public mintPrice; // tokenId => price in wei
constructor(
string memory _name,
string memory _symbol,
address _initialOwner,
uint96 _defaultRoyalty // 500 = 5%
) ERC721(_name, _symbol) Ownable(_initialOwner) {
_setDefaultRoyalty(_initialOwner, _defaultRoyalty);
}
/* ========== 鑄造 ========== */
function create(
string calldata tokenURI,
uint256 price,
uint96 royaltyBps // 可選：單個作品的版稅，0 則沿用默認(rèn)
) external payable returns (uint256 tokenId) {
require(msg.value >= price, "Insufficient payment");
tokenId = nextTokenId++;
_safeMint(msg.sender, tokenId);
_setTokenURI(tokenId, tokenURI);
mintPrice[tokenId] = price;
// 如果傳了 royaltyBps，則單獨(dú)設(shè)置
if (royaltyBps > 0) {
_setTokenRoyalty(tokenId, msg.sender, royaltyBps);
}
// 退回多余 ETH
if (msg.value > price) {
(bool ok, ) = msg.sender.call{value: msg.value - price}("");
require(ok, "Refund failed");
}
}
/* ========== 提現(xiàn) ========== */
function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
(bool ok, ) = owner().call{value: address(this).balance}("");
require(ok, "Withdraw failed");
}
/* ========== 支持 721 + 2981 ========== */
function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
public
view
override(ERC721URIStorage, ERC2981) // ? 只寫真正聲明 override 的合約
returns (bool)
{
return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
}
}
編譯指令：npx hardhat compile
部署合約
部署說明：主要使用hardhat-deploy插件快速部署合約
hardhat.config.json配置相關(guān)：
# 說明：按照順序
require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers");//ethers V6
require('hardhat-deploy');//部署插件
require("hardhat-deploy-ethers");//部署插件解決getContract
部署核心代幣
module.exports = async ({getNamedAccounts,deployments})=>{
const getNamedAccount = (await getNamedAccounts()).firstAccount;
const NFTName = "SimpleClosedNFT";
const NFTSymbol = "SCNFT";
const DefaultRoyalty = 500;
const {deploy,log} = deployments;
const SimpleClosedNFT=await deploy("SimpleClosedNFT",{
from:getNamedAccount,
args: [NFTName,NFTSymbol,getNamedAccount,DefaultRoyalty],//參數(shù) string memory _name,string memory _symbol,address _initialOwner,uint96 _defaultRoyalty // 500 = 5%
log: true,
})
// await hre.run("verify:verify", {
// address: TokenC.address,
// constructorArguments: [TokenName, TokenSymbol],
// });
console.log('SimpleClosedNFT合約地址',SimpleClosedNFT.address)
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "SimpleClosedNFT"];
部署指令：npx hardhat deploy
測試合約
測試說明：主要針對合約核心功能進(jìn)行測試
const {ethers,getNamedAccounts,deployments} = require("hardhat");
const { assert,expect } = require("chai");
describe("SimpleClosedNFT",function(){
let addr1,addr2;
let firstAccount//第一個賬戶
let secondAccount//第二個賬戶
beforeEach(async function(){
await deployments.fixture(["SimpleClosedNFT"]);
[addr1,addr2]=await ethers.getSigners();
firstAccount=(await getNamedAccounts()).firstAccount;
secondAccount=(await getNamedAccounts()).secondAccount;
const SimpleClosedNFTDeployment = await deployments.get("SimpleClosedNFT");
SimpleClosedNFT = await ethers.getContractAt("SimpleClosedNFT",SimpleClosedNFTDeployment.address);//已經(jīng)部署的合約交互
});
describe("SimpleClosedNFT 測試",function(){
it("讀取合約基本信息以及查看賬戶余額",async function(){
console.log('代幣名',await SimpleClosedNFT.name())
console.log('代幣符號',await SimpleClosedNFT.symbol())
});
it("鑄造一個nft",async function(){
const uri = "https://zygomorphic-magenta-bobolink.myfilebase.com/ipfs/QmZdC1RywVL2mPry9TSP128ZUrvPJCJPtndqMUpv5TNctn";
const price = ethers.parseEther("0.1");
const royaltyBps=500;
await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(addr1).create(uri,price,royaltyBps,{value:price})
console.log(await SimpleClosedNFT.tokenURI(1))
console.log("nft的所有者",await SimpleClosedNFT.ownerOf(1))
const mintPrice=await SimpleClosedNFT.mintPrice(1)
console.log("nft的價格",ethers.formatEther(mintPrice))
});
it("設(shè)置版稅",async function(){
const uri = "https://zygomorphic-magenta-bobolink.myfilebase.com/ipfs/QmZdC1RywVL2mPry9TSP128ZUrvPJCJPtndqMUpv5TNctn";
const price = ethers.parseEther("0.1");
const royaltyBps=1000;//10%
await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(addr1).create(uri, price, royaltyBps, { value: price });
const info = await SimpleClosedNFT.royaltyInfo(1, 10000);//tokenid,salePrice(銷售價格)
console.log("版稅接收地址",info[0])
console.log("版稅金額",info[1])
});
it("提現(xiàn)功能",async function(){
const uri = "https://zygomorphic-magenta-bobolink.myfilebase.com/ipfs/QmZdC1RywVL2mPry9TSP128ZUrvPJCJPtndqMUpv5TNctn";
const price = ethers.parseEther("0.1");
const royaltyBps=1000;//10%
await SimpleClosedNFT
.connect(addr1)
.create(uri, price, 0, {
value: price,
});
const owner = await SimpleClosedNFT.owner(); // 合約 owner 地址
const ownerBalBefore = await ethers.provider.getBalance(owner);
console.log("提現(xiàn)前",ownerBalBefore)
const tx = await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(await ethers.getSigner(owner)).withdraw();
const receipt = await tx.wait();
const ownerBalAfter = await ethers.provider.getBalance(owner);
const withdrawAmount = price; // 本例中只有一筆 0.1 ETH
const gasUsed = receipt.gasUsed * receipt.gasPrice;
console.log("提現(xiàn)后",ownerBalAfter)
console.log("Gas消耗",gasUsed)
console.log("提現(xiàn)金額",withdrawAmount)
expect(ownerBalAfter).to.equal(ownerBalBefore + withdrawAmount - gasUsed);
});
it("非Owner不能提取",async function(){
console.log("異常報錯",await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(addr2).withdraw())
});
});
});
測試指令：npx hardhat test ./test/xxx.js
總結(jié)
至此，合約部分已全部收尾：
代碼、測試、部署腳本一條龍就緒，并在本地與測試網(wǎng)跑通。
補(bǔ)充一句行規(guī)—— “NFT 合約的測試代碼行數(shù)通常是源碼的 5～10 倍” ；安全與邏輯正確性只能靠測試兜底，而非 Solidity 語法本身。
下一步，我們將把這套經(jīng)過充分驗證的合約無縫接入前端，進(jìn)入真正的用戶交互階段。
