136.1 數(shù)據(jù)建模
- 維度建模
- 專門適用于OLAP的設計模式存在著兩種類型的表:事實表 維度表
- 事實表:主題的客觀度量 能夠以記錄主題為準 信息多不精準
- 維度表:看問題分析問題的角度 信息精但是不全 可跟事實表關系
- 維度建模三種常見模型
- 星型模型 一個事實表帶多個維度表 維度之間沒關系 數(shù)倉發(fā)展建立初期(一個主題)
- 雪花模型 一個事實表帶多個維度表 維度之間可以繼續(xù)關系維度 不利于維護 少用
- 星座模型 多個事實表帶多個維度 有些維度可以共用 數(shù)倉發(fā)展后期(多個主題)
- 不管什么模型,在數(shù)倉中,一切有利于數(shù)據(jù)分析即可為,不用考慮數(shù)據(jù)冗余性和其他設計規(guī)范
- 模塊設計–維度建模
- 在本項目中,因為分析主題只有一個(網(wǎng)站流量日志),所有采用星型模型
- 事實表---->對應清洗完之后的數(shù)據(jù)
- 維度表----->來自于提前通過工具生成 維度表范圍要橫跨事實表分析維度
- 點擊流模型屬于業(yè)務模型數(shù)據(jù) 既不是事實表 也不是維度表 是為了后續(xù)計算某些業(yè)務指標方便而由業(yè)務指定
- 寬表:為了分析,把原來表中某些字段屬性提取出來,構成新的字段 也稱之為明細表
- 窄表:沒有擴寬的表 原始表
- 寬表數(shù)據(jù)來自于窄表 insert(寬)+select (窄)
- 總結:hive中,有幾種方式可以創(chuàng)建出帶有數(shù)據(jù)的表?
- create+load data 創(chuàng)建表加載數(shù)據(jù)(內(nèi)部表)
- create +external +location 創(chuàng)建外部表指定數(shù)據(jù)路徑
- create+insert+select 表的數(shù)據(jù)來自于后面查詢語句返回的結果
- create+select 創(chuàng)建的表結構和數(shù)據(jù)來自于后面的查詢語句
# -- hive內(nèi)置解析url的函數(shù)
parse_url_tuple(url,host path,query,queryvalue)
# -- 通常用于把后面的表掛接在左邊的表之上 返回成為一個新表
a LATERAL VIEW b
LATERAL VIEW
create table t_ods_tmp_referurl as SELECT a.*,b.* FROM ods_weblog_origin a LATERAL VIEW parse_url_tuple(regexp_replace(http_referer, "\"", ""), 'HOST', 'PATH','QUERY', 'QUERY:id') b as host, path, query, query_id;
- group by 語法限制
select count(*) as pvs from ods_weblog_detail t where datestr='20130918' group by t.hour
select t.hour,count(*) as pvs from ods_weblog_detail t where datestr='20130918' group by t.hour
# -- 在有group by的語句中,出現(xiàn)在select后面的字段要么是分組的字段要么是被聚合函數(shù)包圍的字段。
解決:
select t.day,t.hour,count(*) as pvs from ods_weblog_detail t where datestr='20130918' group by t.day,t.hour;
136.2 ETL
1.寬表生成
- 生成ods+url解析表
create table t_ods_tmp_referurl as
SELECT a.*,b.*
FROM ods_weblog_origin a
LATERAL VIEW parse_url_tuple(regexp_replace(http_referer, "\"", ""), 'HOST', 'PATH','QUERY', 'QUERY:id') b as host, path, query, query_id;
- 生成ods+url+date解析表
create table t_ods_tmp_detail as
select b.*,substring(time_local,0,10) as daystr,
substring(time_local,12) as tmstr,
substring(time_local,6,2) as month,
substring(time_local,9,2) as day,
substring(time_local,11,3) as hour
From t_ods_tmp_referurl b;
- 綜合
create table ods_weblog_detail(
valid string, --有效標識
remote_addr string, --來源IP
remote_user string, --用戶標識
time_local string, --訪問完整時間
daystr string, --訪問日期
timestr string, --訪問時間
month string, --訪問月
day string, --訪問日
hour string, --訪問時
request string, --請求的url
status string, --響應碼
body_bytes_sent string, --傳輸字節(jié)數(shù)
http_referer string, --來源url
ref_host string, --來源的host
ref_path string, --來源的路徑
ref_query string, --來源參數(shù)query
ref_query_id string, --來源參數(shù)query的值
http_user_agent string --客戶終端標識
)
partitioned by(datestr string);
insert into table ods_weblog_detail partition(datestr='20130918')
select c.valid,c.remote_addr,c.remote_user,c.time_local,
substring(c.time_local,0,10) as daystr,
substring(c.time_local,12) as tmstr,
substring(c.time_local,6,2) as month,
substring(c.time_local,9,2) as day,
substring(c.time_local,12,2) as hour,
c.request,c.status,c.body_bytes_sent,c.http_referer,c.ref_host,c.ref_path,c.ref_query,c.ref_query_id,c.http_user_agent
from
(select a.*,b.*
from ods_weblog_origin a
LATERAL view
parse_url_tuple(regexp_replace(a.http_referer,"\"",""),'HOST','PATH','QUERY','QUERY_ID')b as ref_host, ref_path, ref_query, ref_query_id) c;
2.DML分析
- 計算該處理批次(一天)中的各小時 pvs
select
t.month,t.day,t.hour,count(*)
from ods_weblog_detail t
where t.datestr='20130918'
group by t.month,t.day,t.hour;
- 計算每天的pvs
select t.month,t.day,count(*) from ods_weblog_detail t where t.datestr='20130918' group by t.month,t.day;
select a.month,a.day,sum(a.pvs)
from
(
select
t.month as month,t.day as day,t.hour as hour,count(*) as pvs
from ods_weblog_detail t
where t.datestr='20130918'
group by t.month,t.day,t.hour
) a
group by a.month,a.day;
- 統(tǒng)計每小時各來訪url產(chǎn)生的pvs
select
t.day,t.hour,t.http_referer,t.ref_host,count(*)
from ods_weblog_detail t
where datestr='20130918'
group by t.day,t.hour,t.http_referer,t.ref_host
having t.ref_host is not null;
- 統(tǒng)計每小時各來訪host的產(chǎn)生的pv數(shù)并排序
select
t.month,t.day,t.hour,t.ref_host,count(*) as pvs
from ods_weblog_detail t
where datestr='20130918'
group by t.month,t.day,t.hour,t.ref_host
having t.ref_host is not null
order by t.hour asc ,pvs desc;
- 按照時間維度,統(tǒng)計一天內(nèi)各小時產(chǎn)生最多pvs的來源(host)topN(分組Top)
select
a.month,a.day,a.hour,a.host,a.pvs,a.rmp
from
(
select
t.month as month,t.day as day,t.hour as hour,t.ref_host as host,count(*) as pvs,
row_number()over(partition by concat(t.month,t.day,t.hour) order by pvs desc) rmp
from ods_weblog_detail t
where datestr='20130918'
group by t.month,t.day,t.hour,t.ref_host
having t.ref_host is not null
order by hour asc ,pvs desc
)a
where a.rmp < 4;
- 統(tǒng)計今日所有來訪者平均請求的頁面數(shù)。
select count(*)/count(distinct remote_addr) from ods_weblog_detail where datestr='20130918';
select
sum(a.pvs)/count(a.ip)
from
(
select
t.remote_addr as ip,count(*) as pvs
from ods_weblog_detail t
where t.datestr='20130918'
group by t.remote_addr
) a;
- 統(tǒng)計每日最熱門的頁面 top10
select
t.request,count(*) as counts
from ods_weblog_detail t
where datestr='20130918'
group by t.request
order by counts desc
limit 10;
- 每日新訪客
select
today.ip
from
(
select distinct t.remote_addr as ip
from ods_weblog_detail t
) today
left join history
on today.ip=history.ip
where history.ip is null;
- 查詢今日所有回頭訪客及其訪問次數(shù)(session)
select
remote_addr,count(session) as cs
from ods_click_stream_visit
where datestr='20130918'
group by remote_addr
having cs >1;
- 人均訪問頻次
select
count(session)/count(distinct remote_addr)
from ods_click_stream_visit
where datestr='20130918';
- 級聯(lián)查詢自join
select
rn.step as rnstep,rn.numbs as rnnumbs,rr.step as rrstep,rr.numbs as rrnumbs
from dw_oute_numbs rn
inner join
dw_oute_numbs rr;
# -- 絕對轉化
select
a.rrstep,a.rrnumbs/a.rnnumbs
from
(
select
rn.step as rnstep,rn.numbs as rnnumbs,rr.step as rrstep,rr.numbs as rrnumbs
from dw_oute_numbs rn
inner join dw_oute_numbs rr
)a
where a.rnstep='step1';
# -- 相對轉化
select
tmp.rrstep as step,tmp.rrnumbs/tmp.rnnumbs as leakage_rate
from
(
select rn.step as rnstep,rn.numbs as rnnumbs,rr.step as rrstep,rr.numbs as rrnumbs from dw_oute_numbs rn
inner join
dw_oute_numbs rr
) tmp
where cast(substr(tmp.rnstep,5,1) as int)=cast(substr(tmp.rrstep,5,1) as int)-1;
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