Day4 單詞作業(yè)
1. shake up
▲ n. [C usually singular] a large change in the way something is organised
? ? The company is undergoing a radical shake-up.
2. a host of
▲ a large number of something
? ? There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job.
3. switching process
▲ 轉(zhuǎn)換過程
4. to date
▲ up to now
? ? No suspect has been found?to date.
5. dire
▲ very serious or extreme?
? ? These people are in dire need of help.
▲ [informal] very bad
? ? I thought that film was dire!
6. unscathed
▲ not injured, not damaged
? ? Her husband escaped accident unscathed.
7. financial-technology=fintech
▲ 金融科技
8. mount a challenge
▲ 發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)
9. incumbent
▲ adj. [before noun] officially having the named position?
? ? The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office.
▲ adj. [formal] be incumbent on/ upon sb. to do sth.?to be necessary for someone
? ? She felt it incumbent upon/ on her to raise the subject at their meeting.
▲ n. the person who has or had a particular official position?
? ? ?the first/ last/previous incumbent
10. resilient
▲ able to quickly return to a previous good condition
? ? She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.
11. customer-transaction
▲ 客戶交易
12. cumbersome
▲ awkward because of being large, heavy or not effective
? ? cumbersome equipment; cumbersome bureaucracy
13. kick-start
▲ start (a motorcycle) by means of a kick starter
14. explicit
▲ clear and exact
? ? I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.
? ? She was very explicit?about(= said very clearly and exactly)what she thought was wrong with the plans.
▲ showing or talking about sex or violence in a very detailed way
? ? a sexually explicit film
15. consent
▲ permission or agreement
? ? They can't publish your name without your consent.
▲ by common consent:?most people agree
? ? Her latest film, by common consent, is her best yet.
16. integrate
▲ [I orT] to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits and customs
? ? He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially.
▲ [T] to combine two or more things in order to become more effective
? ? The idea with young children is to integrate learning with play.
17. authentication /???θen.t??ke?.??n/
▲?validating the authenticity of something or someone( =certification)
▲?a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity( =hallmark)
18. rock-bottom interest rates
▲ 最低利率水平
19. consultancy
▲ [C] a company that gives specialist advice on a particular subject?
? ? a management/ financial/ recruitment consultancy
▲ [U] the activity of giving advice on a particular subject
20. lockhold
字典中沒有這樣一個詞語，文中的意思是指 銀行在支付方面有絕對優(yōu)勢或者掌握權(quán)
21. retail-banking
▲ Retail banking（小額銀行業(yè)務(wù)）, also known as consumer banking, is the provision of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
22. dumb pipe
“傾倒管道”，文中的意思是指 具體業(yè)務(wù)和利潤都可能被fintech搶占，銀行就好像管道，錢進(jìn)來錢出去，但服務(wù)利潤都被fintech搶了，銀行賺不到錢。
23. manifest
▲ to show something clearly, through signs or actions
? ? The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.
24. robust
▲ (of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
? ? He looks robust and healthy enough.
25. implementation
▲ Implementation?refers to the carrying out a plan
26. be watered down
▲ make less strong or intense; to reduce the strength or effectiveness of
? ? It seemed clear by late autumn that the ban would be significantly watered down or removed altogether before the trade bill became law.
27. bare one's teeth
▲?露出兇相，呲牙咧嘴
28. entrant
▲ a person who becomes a member of a group or organisation
? ? new entrants to the school/ company
▲ a person who takes part in a competition or an examination
? ? All entrants complete two three-hour papers.
29. exploit
▲ to use something for advantage
? ? We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.
30. transform the landscape
搞事！搞事！
landscape原意是風(fēng)景，景色，地貌，此處也是暗喻的用法，衍生為局面，局勢。所以哦，衍生意思和原意都有一定聯(lián)系，大家稍加聯(lián)想，便不難理解哦。這種用法非常非常普遍，建議內(nèi)化。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的選舉風(fēng)波震動了歐洲政壇。
31. level the landscape
最初的含義：為了保證比賽對雙方都是公平的，將草地弄得平平整整。引申為公平競爭。
單詞復(fù)習(xí)地址：https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/1652417/practice?
Day5 邏輯導(dǎo)圖+神句翻譯
【神句翻譯】
1. New European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
新的歐洲支付規(guī)定有可能對銀行帶來沖擊。
新出臺的歐洲支付法規(guī)有可能會給銀行業(yè)帶來巨大沖擊。
Shake?up一般指帶來重大改變
eg: Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.
2. European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyse transactions.
歐洲的規(guī)定將會向許多進(jìn)行交易分析的創(chuàng)新型服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)拋出橄欖枝。
歐洲法規(guī)將給交易分析相關(guān)的創(chuàng)新服務(wù)帶來更多機(jī)遇。
open the door: to give someone new opportunities
1. ?+ for: The success of that film opened new doors for him.
2. ?+ to: Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
3. Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
客戶幾乎不需要與銀行進(jìn)行（線下的）往來。
客戶幾乎都不需要通過銀行。
如果這邊一定把interact翻成與銀行互動,就略顯死板了。大家都習(xí)慣了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融，那很多事情就不需要通過銀行啦~
4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
值得注意的是，歐洲的小額銀行業(yè)務(wù)幾乎沒有受到技術(shù)沖擊的影響。
1. 技術(shù)帶來的變革對歐洲零售銀行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的影響微乎其微。
2. 歐洲零售銀行業(yè)幾乎并沒有受到技術(shù)變革的影響。
兩句一個意思，第二句形式上更吻合原句，但第一句通過化被動為主動，突出了核心信息remarkably unscathed幾乎毫發(fā)無傷。所以，翻譯并沒有完美的答案，只能無限接近而已~
另外,disruption真的是時下太過火爆的熱詞，比較普遍的譯法是：顛覆?，F(xiàn)在各行各業(yè)都在經(jīng)歷巨變，上個月篤師做了一個人力資源相關(guān)會議，當(dāng)中就提到某五百強(qiáng)大公司人力資源部門的發(fā)展目標(biāo)即三年內(nèi)裁員15%，為何？新技術(shù)如AI（Artificial Intelligence人工智能）正在顛覆傳統(tǒng)HR(Human Resources人力資源）行業(yè)，匹配人選，員工培訓(xùn)，薪酬制定等具體工作都可以借助技術(shù)高效完成，從而極大程度減少人員介入，好吧，聽講的都是該公司HR部門的員工，他們會不會有如坐針氈之感？？21世紀(jì)，沒有一勞永逸的鐵飯碗，終身學(xué)習(xí)才是王道鵝~~~
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
科技金融公司開始（向銀行）發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在北歐的線上支付板塊。但他們的影響力在歐洲其他地區(qū)十分有限。
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融公司已經(jīng)開始發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在北歐線上支付領(lǐng)域。但對歐洲其他地區(qū)的影響則要小得多。
mount a challenge發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，構(gòu)成威脅，記住這個常見搭配。
我要提醒大家的是最后那里的reach,用作名詞時候和influence一個意思,用來表達(dá)影響的范圍，簡短好用，建議化作積極儲備。
Eg.Victory is now out of her reach. /The company has now overtaken IBM in terms ofsize and reach./Such matters are beyond the reach of the law.
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
然而，監(jiān)管部門正著手要改變現(xiàn)狀，大干一場。
然而，監(jiān)管部門即將改變這一現(xiàn)狀。
landscape原意是風(fēng)景，景色，地貌，此處也是暗喻的用法，衍生為局面，局勢。所以哦，衍生意思和原意都有一定聯(lián)系，大家稍加聯(lián)想，便不難理解哦。這種用法非常非常普遍，建議內(nèi)化。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the?European political landscape.最近的選舉風(fēng)波震動了歐洲政壇。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
銀行對支付服務(wù)的壟斷正是一種方便現(xiàn)成的收入來源。
牢牢把控支付領(lǐng)域使得銀行輕而易舉就能賺錢。
lockhold難住了很多同學(xué)，這種用法很少見，大家作為被動詞匯即可。lock鎖住，hold緊握，加在一起就是牢牢把控的意思，同樣需要大家聯(lián)想體會哦。倒是后面的handy這一形容詞值得重視，表示就在手邊，方便容易，唾手可得，聯(lián)想它的原形hand好好體會一下。Eg. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常備急救箱/handy little tool好用小工具
8. Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
抵觸被看作是對數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)的一種憂慮?？萍冀鹑诘膿碥O認(rèn)為，這種關(guān)注不僅是合法的，并且給銀行阻斷競爭提供了一個便利的借口。
抗拒源自對數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)的擔(dān)憂，這是合情合理的。但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的支持者們認(rèn)為，這也是銀行抵制競爭的絕佳借口。
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
盡管存在許多抱怨，顧客們?nèi)匀恍湃沃y行，和他們進(jìn)行金錢往來。
盡管客戶怨聲載道，但他們依然更信任把錢放在銀行。For?all表示盡管，雖然，等于despite.
Eg. For all its clarity of style, thebook is not easy to read.
【神詞組】
1. become overdrawn
Apps could warn account-holders if they spend more than a predetermined amount or are about to become overdrawn.
透支
2. nudge them to save more
Apps could warnaccount-holders if they spend more than a predetermined amount or are about to become overdrawn,or even nudge them to save more.
吸引他們存更多錢。nudge 本來是“輕推、推進(jìn)”的意思，我覺得在這里中文表達(dá)為”吸引“可能更好。
鼓勵他們增加儲蓄
3. have easy access to
Banks, on the other hand, have easy access to transaction data.
更加容易得到
便于……
4. kick-start competition
The Payments Services Directive 2 (PSD2), due to be implemented by EU members in January 2018, aims to kick-start competition while making payments more secure.
開啟競爭
引發(fā)競爭
5. give explicit consent
Provided the customer has given explicit consent, banks will be forced to share customer-account?information with licensed ?nancial-servicesproviders.
給予明確的許可
6. one-click bank transfer
They could become more integrated into the internet-browsing experience—enabling, for example, one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
一鍵轉(zhuǎn)賬
7. low-value payments
They could become more integrated into the internet-browsing experience—enabling, for example, one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
小額支付
8. tighten up security
Security for payments above €30 ($32) will be tightened up, with customers having to provide two?pieces of secret information (“strong authentication”) to wave through a transaction.
加強(qiáng)安全監(jiān)管
加強(qiáng)安全
9. guide them toward
With access to account data, meanwhile, ?ntech ?rms could o?er customers budgeting advice, or
guide them towards higher-interest savings accounts or cheaper mortgages.
這里意為“引導(dǎo)他們，使他們（存利率更高的存款或貸利率更低的貸款）”
10. rich data
Those with limited credit histories may ?nd it easier to borrow, too, since richer transaction data should mean more sophisticated credit checks.
豐富的數(shù)據(jù)
11. leave them in a weaker position
In a survey conducted last year by Strategy&, a unitofPwC, a professionalservices?rm, 68% of responding banks believed that PDS2 would leave them in a weaker position.
使他們陷于不利的境地
12. robust data-protection system
Newcomers will be regulated, after all, and will have to convince the authorities that their data-protection systems are robust.
強(qiáng)化數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)
強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)
這里不是動詞呀，看錯了~
13. insured against losses from fraud
As they are also required to be insured against losses from fraud, they will need to convince?insurers, too.
為欺詐損失進(jìn)行投保
投保以防欺詐造成的損失
14. perfect on paper
For his part, Klarna’s Mr Siemiatkowski thinks PSD2 is “perfect on paper”.
理論上完美，但實踐起來沒那么理想
理論完美！暗示實際操作起來可能困難重重
15. team up with
Santander’s British arm, for instance, has teamed up with Kabbage.
與……聯(lián)手
16. exploit newcomers technology
Familiarity, huge customer bases and low funding costs are all attributes entrants want to gain by association, just as banks want to exploit newcomers’ technology.
利用新參者的技術(shù)
【思維導(dǎo)圖】
Day6 總結(jié)反思
這是在Gambition精讀班的第六天，第二篇文章。
我本身是學(xué)金融的，無奈對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會實在不敏感，學(xué)得有些云里霧里。但這一篇Levelling the paying field實在比課本易懂多了，耐著性子讀下來迷之有一種自己懂得真多的錯覺。
金融科技的發(fā)展在中國可謂是后來居上，這和國情和政策太相關(guān)了。在西方國家，金融體系本身就是會限制金融科技的發(fā)展的，正如文章所說的那樣，銀行會鎖住客戶的交易信息，占有客戶的交易數(shù)據(jù)，從而保住龐大的客戶群體。Fintech firm始終是作為傳統(tǒng)金融服務(wù)的一個補(bǔ)充，因此，雖然起步早，發(fā)展卻不見得有我國的快。再者，它們也沒有像我們國家那樣肥沃的土壤：西方的人們更加注重安全性，更加信任銀行，而不是新興的金融科技公司。當(dāng)然，與其說他們是保守，不如說是謹(jǐn)慎，天生有一種溶于血脈的在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動中的安全防范意識。
在一個什么都是open的世界上，銀行當(dāng)然不可能永遠(yuǎn)不受到威脅。就算是新興的金融科技，也會給它們帶來沖擊。即使銀行想要維持它們占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的現(xiàn)狀，有關(guān)部門也會出來搞事的。PSD2的出臺對于金融科技公司來說無疑是一個利好消息，但銀行就憋悶啦哈哈哈。文章里說到銀行擔(dān)心自己會變成金融體系中的“dump pipe”，讀到這里的時候我就想了想咱們國內(nèi)的五大行，似乎好像貌似有點dump pipe了……小的時候遇到大額支付、給人打錢都需要帶銀行卡去銀行取錢、轉(zhuǎn)賬，還有郵政的什么“匯款”，但現(xiàn)在基本上ZFB一秒搞定，好像沒銀行什么事兒。我自己現(xiàn)在也越來越依賴移動支付，出門不帶錢，帶腦子和手機(jī)就行了。但是，仔細(xì)想想的話，在國內(nèi)，看似銀行的業(yè)務(wù)被第三方搶占了，實際上銀行或許在其中參與了某一部分的活動，并從中獲取了一定的利益。不然五大行能同意它們在自己眼皮子底下?lián)屪约旱娘埑詥?？不能呀，這胳膊能粗過大腿嗎？在第三方發(fā)展起來之后銀行才意識到“騷等！這貌似是我的活兒！”然后也開始搞移動支付。在我的了解和理解中，銀行移動客戶端做的是各種業(yè)務(wù)，主攻的是投資活動方面的服務(wù)；而第三方主攻的是普通民眾的支付、社交功能。
我好像扯得有點遠(yuǎn)了。作為一個金融學(xué)渣，思路并不是特別清晰，想到哪兒說到哪兒，歡迎大家批評指正?。?/p>
說回西方的這個PSD2吧，Mr Siemiatkowski說這事兒不太靠譜，應(yīng)該是“perfect on paper”，我感覺也是這樣。一方面銀行有抵觸，另一方面公眾也不見得特別喜歡尋求Fintech firm的幫助。作為一個年輕的金融形式，它們還有太長的路要走，風(fēng)險與機(jī)遇并存，要想贏得市場，也不是那么容易的事。
--------------------------
關(guān)于這回的翻譯作業(yè)，我的自我感覺還蠻好的……比Topic1 要好一些。首先對文章的整體把握沒有topic1那么糟糕，基本上能夠理解全文，能夠理清文章的主線；其次對于句子的翻譯，和篤師的翻譯基本上意思不會差太遠(yuǎn)，也沒有看起來很尷尬的“尬翻”，大致算作無功無過，“麻麻嘚啦”；最后，對于短語的理解，大多數(shù)都是正確的，只有少數(shù)表達(dá)得不夠準(zhǔn)確。我聽說一個翻譯最終不是被他的外文水平限制了他的發(fā)展，而正是他的母語水平讓他舉步維艱。這話說得簡直太對了，我現(xiàn)在老覺得自己詞不達(dá)意，打字的時候恨不得加上幾個表情，至少讓我加個顏文字啊，不然我完全沒法說人話。
我覺得我可能需要一本《作文素材》加持。
值得高興的是我終于畫出了一份像樣的思維導(dǎo)圖了！一方面是因為對文章的理解較之topic1深刻一些，另一方面是因為我昨天好歹有時間研究了一下Xmind，把圖做得漂亮了一點，心情也好一點?，F(xiàn)在再看topic1的思維導(dǎo)圖，我真想把它從電腦屏幕上摳下來吃掉呀。
做思維導(dǎo)圖其實是一個很享受的過程，看到自己把一篇幾百字的文章唰唰唰幾條線幾個單詞連在一起，形成一幅簡潔明了的導(dǎo)圖，整個人都在半夜11點半清醒了。雖然作圖的過程很艱辛曲折，有時候做著做著把自己弄暈了，又得重頭略讀一遍文章，夜里看著那密密麻麻的蝌蚪文真是酸爽呀。
我拿自己的圖和篤師的圖對比了一下，發(fā)現(xiàn)篤師的圖囊括的內(nèi)容更多，思路也更清晰。我的圖里，就漏掉了一些內(nèi)容，比如bank和fintech firm各自對于PSD2的反應(yīng)。而且我很疑惑為什么我的圖看起來文字有些擁擠呢……
因為之前參加了舉起被子，我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了早起的習(xí)慣。每天早上起床之后會把精讀文章讀一遍，每一次都會有新的理解。要說為什么讀書叫做”讀書“呢，就是因為讀了才會有理解呀。有些當(dāng)時不明白的地方，多讀幾次、再讀幾次就會理解一些了。
在精讀班的第六天，感恩幸福愛?
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明日も頑張ります。
