Renewable energy:

A world turned upside down| TE

New words/phrase

1. disrupt ?v. ［VN］

: to cause (something) to be unable to continue in the normal way : to interrupt the normal progress or activity of (something)打擾，使中斷，打亂

→ Wind and solar energy are disrupting (受影響) a century-old model of providing electricity.

e.g: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.示威者成功擾亂了會(huì)議。

Disruptive ?adj. ?causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally *e.g: She had a Disruptive influence on the rest of the class.

2. ? Photovoltaic (PV)

: of, relating to, or utilizing the generation of a voltage when radiant energy falls on the boundary between dissimilar substances (as two different semiconductors)

PV

1.光伏

太陽(yáng)能光伏（Photovoltaic）是利用太陽(yáng)能電池直接將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，將是長(zhǎng)期解決能源不足的方法。

太陽(yáng)光電

...根會(huì)議,雖然未能達(dá)成最后共識(shí),但節(jié)能減碳的環(huán)保意識(shí)仍持續(xù)升溫,并成為未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要圭臬,同時(shí)也讓太陽(yáng)光電(Photovoltaic),LED,電動(dòng)車(chē)與智慧..

光生伏打

光伏在物理學(xué)上稱(chēng)為光生伏打(Photovoltaic)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PV，我們凡是所說(shuō)的 太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電往往指的就是太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電。

擴(kuò)展延伸:

photovoltaic effect ? ?光生伏打效應(yīng)

photovoltaic cell ? 光電池；硒電池

3. Manure ?n./v.

? n. ［U］the waste matter from animals that is spread ober or mixed with the soil to help plants and crops grow.

e.g: A green manure is a crop grown mainly to improve soil fertility. 種植綠肥作物主要是為使土壤更加肥沃。

SYN: dung ? e.g: cow dung

? v. ?［VN］ to Put manure on or in soil to help plants grow 給...施肥

詞匯擴(kuò)充:

1. bacterial manure ?細(xì)菌肥料

2. artificial manure 人造肥料

3. mineral manure 礦質(zhì)肥料

4. green manure 綠肥

4. biogas n.

: a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic wastes and used as a fuel

1. biogas construction 沼氣建設(shè)

2.biogas digester 沼氣池

3. biogas residue 沼渣

4. biogas engineering

5. back up

① back up| back sth up 后退，倒退

②back sb/sth up : 支持，證實(shí)某人所言; ?支援

e.g: I'll back you up. 我支持你 ? ? ? ? ?

back up one's opinion 支持某人的觀點(diǎn)

③ back sth up 給(文件，程序等)做備份

? Back ?與它的詞組搭檔們

名詞時(shí)的搭檔:

? ?① At/in the back of your mind 在潛意識(shí)里

? ?② The back of beyond 偏僻的地方，邊緣地區(qū)

? ?③Behind sb's back 私下:

e.g: ?Have you been talking about me Behind my back？

? ? ④put your back into ?全力以赴

? ? ⑤on the back of 由于(某項(xiàng)成就):

e.g: The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sale. 利潤(rùn)a增長(zhǎng)來(lái)自26％的銷(xiāo)售額增長(zhǎng)

adj. 的搭檔

? ?On the back burner 把主意，計(jì)劃等暫時(shí)擱置

adv. 的搭檔

? ? ①back and forth 反復(fù)來(lái)回 常與between 連用

? ?② back in the Day 過(guò)去，從前，舊時(shí)

? ? ③back in the days 在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候

V. 的搭檔

? ? ①back away from sb/sth 躲避(可怕的人或事)

? ?②back down on/from sth 放棄(別人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的要求)

e.g: She refused to back down on a point of principle. 她在一個(gè)原則問(wèn)題上拒絕讓步。

6. ?anathema n.

: someone or something that is very strongly disliked 可憎的事物或想法

e.g: Racial prejudice is an anathema to me.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，種族歧視非?？蓯?。

7. marginal cost ? ? 邊際成本

e.g: Marginal cost is the incremental on producing one more unite.

?加深理解：在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和金融學(xué)中，邊際成本指的是每一單位新增生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(或者購(gòu)買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品)帶來(lái)的總成本的增量。 這個(gè)概念表明每一單位的產(chǎn)品的成本與總產(chǎn)品量有關(guān)。比如，僅生產(chǎn)一輛汽車(chē)的成本是極其巨大的，而生產(chǎn)第101輛汽車(chē)的成本就低得多，而生產(chǎn)第10000輛汽車(chē)的成本就更低了(這是因?yàn)?a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì))。 但是，考慮到機(jī)會(huì)成本，隨著生產(chǎn)量的增加，邊際成本可能會(huì)增加。還是這個(gè)例子，生產(chǎn)新的一輛車(chē)時(shí)，所用的材料可能有更好的用處，所以要盡量用最少的材料生產(chǎn)出最多的車(chē)，這樣才能提高邊際收益。微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為，當(dāng)產(chǎn)量增至邊際成本等于邊際收入時(shí)，為企業(yè)獲得其最大利潤(rùn)的產(chǎn)量。

?邊際成本=總成本的變化量/產(chǎn)量變化量

?隨著產(chǎn)量(Output)的增加，邊際成本會(huì)先減少，后增加

8. revenue :【UN 】[business] revenue is money that a company, an organization, or a government receives from people.

the income from taxes, licenses, etc., as of a city, state, or nation; the governmental service that collects certain taxes

Word origin of 'revenue' ? →C16: from Old French, fromrevenirto return, from Latinrevenīre; seerevenant

?Synonyms: income, interest, returns, profits

tax revenue 稅收；賦稅收入

sales revenue產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售收入

revenue and expenditure收支

inland revenue稅務(wù)局；稅收；國(guó)內(nèi)稅收

fiscal revenue財(cái)政收入

e.g: In our example, if your costs up 50% with every doubling, when you hit 400 users, they’ll cost your $900 per year, butonly bring in half that inrevenue.

在我們的例子中，如果你有400個(gè)用戶(hù)，每次將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)擴(kuò)大一倍成本只增加50%，那么你每年花費(fèi)900美元，但收入?yún)s只有這個(gè)數(shù)字的一半。

→income : increases in economic benefits during the accountig period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in an increase in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.

e.g: You would retain the right to draw an income from the money.

9. ?gult

noun. ? ?【 countable noun】

: If ?there is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.

??Synonyms: surfeit, excess, surplus, plethora

e.g: There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.

verb

: If a marketis glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.

e.g: The region is glutted with hospitals.

?? Synonyms: saturate, flood, choke, clog

10. saturate ?v. → 從gult 的動(dòng)詞近義詞中延伸出來(lái)的 ?浸透；使充滿

① If people or thingssaturatea place or object, they fill it completely so that no more can be added.

e.g: ?In the last days before the vote, both sides are saturating the airwaves(電視廣播）.

② If someone or something is saturated, they become extremely wet.

e.g: If the filter has been saturated with motor oil, it should be discarded（丟棄的） and replaced.

11. push down ?壓制，遏制

e.g: When miners sell forward their production, they help push down prices.當(dāng)?shù)V商以遠(yuǎn)期方式銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)量時(shí), 會(huì)有助于拉低金價(jià).

12. grid ?n.

① A grid is something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.

? ?Synonyms: network

②A grid is a network of wires and cables by which sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed throughout a country or area.

e.g: ...breakdowns in communications and electric power grids.

13. ?intermittent ?adj. ?斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的

Something that is intermittent happens occasionally rather than continuously.

e.g: After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.

Synonyms: periodic, broken, occasional, recurring

SYNONYMY NOTE: intermittent, recurrent both apply to something that stops and starts, or disappears and reappears, from time to time, but the former usually stresses the breaks or pauses, and the latter, the repetition or return [an intermittent fever, recurrent attacks of the hives]; periodic refers to something that recurs at more or less regular intervals [periodic economic crises]; alternate is usually used of two recurrent things that follow each other in regular order [a life of alternate sorrow and joy]

Derived forms:

intermittenceor intermittency ? ?n.

intermittently ? ?adv.

e.g: ?Boat users in the area say that the problem has been intermittent.

14. ?hydroelectric ? adj. ? 水力發(fā)電的

Hydroelectric means relating to or involving electricity made from the energy of running water.

?hydroelectric power ? 水力發(fā)電

Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricityiselectricity producedfromhydropower. In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of allrenewable electricity,[1]and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.

Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with theAsia-Pacificregion generating 33 percent of global hydropower in 2013.Chinais the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 920 TWh of production in 2013, representing 16.9 percent of domestic electricity use.

Hydroelectricity

15. shut out ? 排除，拒之門(mén)外

① ?: ?If you shut something or someone out, you prevent them from getting into a place, for example by closing the doors.

e.g: 'I shut him out of the bedroom,' says Maureen.

e.g: I was set to shut out anyone else who came knocking.

Synonyms: exclude, bar, keep out, black

② : ? If youshut outathoughtor afeeling, you prevent yourself fromthinkingor feeling it.

e.g: I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.

e.g: The figures represent such overwhelming human misery that the mind wants to shut it out.

Synonyms: block out, screen, hide, cover

③ : ?If you shut someone out of something, you prevent them from having anything to do with it.

e.g: She is very reclusive, to the point of shutting me out of her life.

e.g: They refused to allow Republicans to offer amendments, effectively shutting them out of the process.

16. ?Drag .. down; pull .. down ? ? ? 把..向下拖

→ But the more renewable generators there are, the more they drag down prices.（壓低價(jià)格）

①: To drag someone down means to reduce them to an inferior social status or to lower standards of behaviour.

e.g: She dragged him down with her. ? ? ? ?她把他拉下了水。

②: Something that drags you down makes you feel weak or depressed.

e.g: That bout of flu dragged her down. ? ? ? 那一場(chǎng)流感把她弄得很虛弱。

17. penetration ?n. 滲透 ? ?

→ The more successful you are in increasing renewable's penetration, the more expensive and less effective the policy become.

①Also called:market penetration

: the proportion of the total number of potential purchasers of a product or service who either are aware of its existence or actually buy it

e.g: Internet penetration runs at just under 76% of the 8m population.

②military: an offensive manoeuvre that breaks through an enemy's defensive position

18. the snake that eats its own tail, forever and ever. 出自《前目的地》

? ? ?蛇會(huì)一直吃自己的尾巴，一直一直。

→ Solar " cannibalises its own competitiveness away," Mr O'Sullivan says." It eats its tail."

19. cannibalises

① If you cannibalize something, you take it to pieces and use it to make something else.

e.g: They cannibalized damaged planes for the parts. ?

②

If one of a company's products annibalizes the company's sales, People buy it instead of any of the company's other products. [ business]

e.g: A website need not cannibalise existing sales.

20. You are so yesterday. ?你還是那么一如既往。

Day 9 ? mindmap

DAY 10 ?SUMMARY

1. mindmap 的思考

這一周的思維導(dǎo)圖打破了我們之前一貫的思維定勢(shì)。不再以時(shí)間軸或以文章的副標(biāo)題為線來(lái)構(gòu)造自己的思維導(dǎo)圖。一開(kāi)始做mindmap時(shí)，確實(shí)無(wú)從下手，...后來(lái)在看到Annie篤師的導(dǎo)圖，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是被局限了，從幾個(gè)不變players發(fā)散思維，然后全文的邏輯也變得清晰了。所以說(shuō)，當(dāng)你現(xiàn)在一個(gè)坑中，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間都走不來(lái)的時(shí)候，不妨想想那些站在原地不變的東西，你也許可以借助他們幫你爬出讓你深陷其中的坑。

2. 對(duì)能源的考慮，在以煤炭作為主要能源的上世紀(jì)，工廠企業(yè)濫用煤礦發(fā)電，覺(jué)得那是取之不盡用之不竭的，不僅污染了水源，大氣，直接影響了我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的正常出行(1952年倫敦毒霧霾事件還有更離我們近的北方霧霾天氣)這些都促使了新能源的產(chǎn)生。

我們一直以為，開(kāi)發(fā)出新能源，問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了，但這篇文章卻告訴了我們不一樣的事實(shí)。問(wèn)題就出在新能源被大力開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，且無(wú)污染，邊際成本低，導(dǎo)致了過(guò)剩的開(kāi)發(fā)，新能源的價(jià)格又被壓的很低，傳統(tǒng)能源市場(chǎng)縮水，投資減少，發(fā)展變緩。新能源還有一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是它的不穩(wěn)定性，而過(guò)剩的電能只能返還到電網(wǎng)，種種原因，最后的作為下游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的消費(fèi)者只能接受昂貴的價(jià)格。

從補(bǔ)充閱讀材料中我們也可以找到解決方法，就是需要我們不斷提高能源的利用率，計(jì)劃用電量，減少能源的浪費(fèi)，對(duì)能源市場(chǎng)重組，并且要根據(jù)市場(chǎng)的供求來(lái)靈活調(diào)整市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。

以下是一些中國(guó)新能源市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r補(bǔ)充:

中國(guó)風(fēng)能太陽(yáng)能背后五個(gè)鮮為人知的故事。

http://m.bjx.com.cn/mnews/20160923/775438.shtml

可再生行業(yè)寒冬還是春天？