* 基礎(chǔ) *
基礎(chǔ)概念 (fundamentals)
- axiom,公理
- theorem,定理
- prove,證明,名詞形式為proof
- hypothesis,假設(shè) (名詞)
- assume,假設(shè) (動(dòng)詞)
- condition,條件
- proposition,命題
- statement,陳述,聲明
代數(shù) (algebra)
實(shí)數(shù)與小數(shù)
- real number,實(shí)數(shù)
- rational number,有理數(shù)/比例數(shù)
- irrational number,無理數(shù)/非比例數(shù)
- round,取整
- round off,四舍五入
- round up,向上取整,如4.1被round up后是5
- round down,向下取整,如4.9被round down后是4
- decimal,十進(jìn)制的,小數(shù)
- number line,數(shù)軸
- origin,原點(diǎn)
- tenths digit,十分位,如12.345中,4為十分位
- percentile,百分位,如12.345中,5為百分位
多項(xiàng)式
- base,底數(shù)
- exponent,指數(shù)
- power,乘方
- root,根
- square,平方
- square root,平方根
- cube,立方
- cube root,立方根
- term,項(xiàng)
- monomial,單項(xiàng)式
- polynomial,多項(xiàng)式
- binomial,二項(xiàng)式
- coefficient,系數(shù)
- numerical coefficient,數(shù)字系數(shù)
- literal coefficient,字母系數(shù)
- unknown,未知數(shù)
- expand,展開
- expanded form,展開式
- simplify,化簡(jiǎn)
- evaluate,求值
方程
- equation,等式,方程
- inequation,不等式
- constant,常量,不變的
- variable,變量
- linear,一次的,線性的
- linear/simple/first-order equation,一次方程
幾何 (geometry)
基礎(chǔ)概念
- figure,圖形
- plot,畫圖,標(biāo)點(diǎn)
- point/dot,點(diǎn)
- line,線
- radial,射線
- segment,線段
- endpoint,端點(diǎn)
- midpoint,中點(diǎn)
- plane,面
- face/surface,表面
- parallel,平行
- perpendicular,垂直
- intersect,相交
- area,面積
- volume,體積
- height/attitude,高
- perimeter,周長(zhǎng)
- bisect,二等分
- displace/translate,位移/平移
- rotate,旋轉(zhuǎn)
- symmetry,對(duì)稱
- symmetric,對(duì)稱的
- axis,軸
- coincide,重合
- fold,折疊
- overlap,重疊
- touch,接觸
三角形
- angle,角 (注意與corner不一樣)
- degree,角度
- right angle,直角
- triangle,三角形
- side,邊
- base,底邊
- vertex,頂點(diǎn),復(fù)數(shù)形式為vertices
- equilateral triangle,等邊三角形
- isosceles triangle,等腰三角形
- right(-angled) triangle,直角三角形
- arm/leg,直角邊
- hypotenuse,斜邊
- Pythagorean theorem,畢達(dá)哥拉斯定理/勾股定理
- median,中線
- opposite side,對(duì)邊
- similar,相似
- congruent,全等
多邊形
- polygon,多邊形
- quadrilateral,四邊形
- pentagon,五邊形
- hexagon,六邊形
- octagon,八邊形
- parallelogram,平行四邊形
- equilateral,等邊的
- rectangle,矩形/長(zhǎng)方形
- square,正方形
- rhombus/diamond,菱形
- trapezoid,梯形
- right trapezoid,直角梯形
- isosceles trapezoid,等腰梯形
- regular polygon,正多邊形
- diagonal,對(duì)角線
- opposite corner,對(duì)角
圓與立體
- circle,圓
- circumference,圓周長(zhǎng)
- semicircle,半圓
- pie/sector,扇形
- ring,環(huán)形
- arc,弧
- concentric circles,同心圓
- center/centre,圓心
- radius,半徑,復(fù)數(shù)為radii
- diameter,直徑
- tangent,切線
- inscribe,內(nèi)接
- cube,立方體
- edge,邊/棱
- (circular) cylinder,圓柱體
- rectangular solid,長(zhǎng)方體
- under surface/base face,底面
其它
- adjacent,相鄰
- clockwise,順時(shí)針
- counter-clockwise,逆時(shí)針
數(shù)論 (number theory)
數(shù)與數(shù)字
- natural number,自然數(shù)
- integer,整數(shù),又稱whole number
- positive number,正數(shù)
- negative number,負(fù)數(shù)
- absolute value,絕對(duì)值
- odd number,奇數(shù)
- even number,偶數(shù)
- prime number,質(zhì)數(shù)/素?cái)?shù)
- composite number,合數(shù)
- factor/divisor,因數(shù)/約數(shù)
- factorization,因數(shù)分解
- greatest common divisor,最大公約數(shù)
- least common multiple,最小公倍數(shù)
- digit,數(shù)字(0~9)
- thousands/hundreds/tens/units digit,千/百/十/個(gè)位
- consecutive,連續(xù)的
加減乘除
- plus/add,加
- sum/total,和
- carry,進(jìn)位
- minus/subtract,減
- difference/remainder,差
- multiply/times,乘
- product,乘積
- divide,除
- divisible,可被整除的
- quotient,商
- remainder,余數(shù)
- perfect square,完全平方
分?jǐn)?shù)與比
- inverse/reciprocal,倒數(shù)
- ratio,比例
- common ratio,公比
- fraction,分?jǐn)?shù),占比
- numerator,分子
- denominator,分母
- least common denominator,最小公分母
其它
- factorial,階乘
- series,數(shù)列
- sequence,序列
- successive,后續(xù)的,后繼的
概率 (probability)
- permutation,排列
- combination,組合
- arrange/rearrange,排放/重排
- probability,概率
- die/dice,骰子
- fair,公平的,公正的
- draw,取出,抽出
- survey,調(diào)查
- average/mean,平均數(shù)
- mode,眾數(shù)
- median,中值
- bar graph,柱形(統(tǒng)計(jì))圖
- pie graph,扇形(統(tǒng)計(jì))圖
集合 (set)
- set,集合
- element,元素
- subset,子集
- union,聯(lián)合,并集
- intersection,相交,交集
- distinct,不同的
- identical,相同的
商業(yè) (commercial)
- margin/profit,利潤(rùn)
- loss,損失
- gain,收益
- cost,成本,花費(fèi)
- sale,促銷,如10%-off sale,即為九折促銷
- discount,折扣,如10% discount為九折
- coin,硬幣
- head,硬幣頭像面
- tail,硬幣背面
- penny,一分錢硬幣
- nickel,五分錢硬幣
- dime,一角錢硬幣
- quarter,四分之一元(即25分錢)硬幣
- face value,面值,例如一元錢的面值就是一元,但是如果是古董一元錢,其價(jià)值(value)可能有上千元
- change,零錢,找零
其它 (others)
- cardinal,基數(shù),如1、2、3……
- ordinal,序數(shù),如第一、第二、第三……
- decrease,減少
- increase,增加
- in proportion,成比例
- direct proportion,正比
- parentheses,括號(hào)
- function,函數(shù)
- coordinate,坐標(biāo)
- Venn diagram,文氏圖
- sufficient,充分的
- necessary,必要的
- tile,片/塊
- spinner,轉(zhuǎn)盤
- revolution,(轉(zhuǎn))一圈
- approximate,大約的,近似的
- estimate,估計(jì),估算
* 進(jìn)階 *
代數(shù) (algebra)
- decimal point,小數(shù)點(diǎn)
- decimal fraction,純小數(shù)
- infinite decimal,無窮小數(shù)
- recurring decimal,循環(huán)小數(shù)
- root/radical sign,根號(hào)
- extraction/evolution,開方
- logarithm,對(duì)數(shù)
- quadratic/second-order equation,二次方程
- cubic/third-order equation,三次方程
- quatic/fourth-order equation,四次方程
幾何 (geometry)
- acute angle,銳角
- obtuse angle,鈍角
- straight angle,平角
- round angle,周角
- included angle,夾角
- interior angle,內(nèi)角
- exterior angle,外角
- supplementary angle,補(bǔ)角
- complementary angle,余角
- vertical angle,對(duì)頂角
- corresponding angle,同位角
- alternate angle,內(nèi)錯(cuò)角
- adjacent angle,鄰角
- scalene triangle,不等邊三角形
- acute triangle,銳角三角形
- obtuse triangle,鈍角三角形
- angle bisector,角平分線
- heptagon,七邊形
- nonagon/enneagon,九邊形
- decagon,十邊形
- hexagram,六芒星
- sphere,球體
- hemisphere,半球
- cone,圓錐
數(shù)論 (number theory)
- null/zero/nought,零
- addend,加數(shù)
- augend/summand,被加數(shù)
- minuend,被減數(shù)
- subtrahend,減數(shù)
- multiplicand/faciend,被乘數(shù)
- multiplicator/multiplier,乘數(shù)
- dividend,被除數(shù)
- divisor,除數(shù) (注意greatest common divisor)
- proper fraction,真分?jǐn)?shù)
- improper fraction,假分?jǐn)?shù)
- mixed number,帶分?jǐn)?shù)