一 字詞整理

1. The more you study a subject, the more detailed your mental representations of it become, and the better you get at assimilating new information.

Assimilate:to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc吸收，理解;掌握

2. The current record is forty-six boards,set in 2011 by Marc Lang of Germany, with twenty-five wins, two losses, and nineteendraws.

Draw:the final result of a game or competition in which both teams or players have the same number of points平局，和局

3. …an interruption thatrekindledhis interest inblindfold chess.

Rekindle:to make someone have a particular feeling, thought etc again重新激起，重新喚起

4. Much of Chaffin's work with Imresh isreminiscentof how I monitored Steve Faloon's development of mental representations for memorizing strings of digits.

reminiscent: reminiscent of sthreminding you of something使人想起某事的

5. Several readers identified Horner’s syndrome correctly but werestymiedby how that might be connected to the ear pain

stymie: to prevent someone from doing what they have planned or want to do阻礙，妨礙，使不能實(shí)施

6. the relationship between skill and mental representations is avirtuous circle

virtuous circle：a series of events in which each one seems to increase the good effects of the previous one 良性循環(huán)

vicious circle：a situation in which one problem causes another problem, that then causes the first problem again, so that the whole process continues to be repeated? 惡性循環(huán)

7. As with thedisparitybetween Renee and Steve, the key difference between Steve's performance and that of the new generation of memorywhizzeslies in the details of their training.

disparity: a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one〔兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上事物之間的〕不同，不平等，差異

whizz: someone who is very fast, intelligent, or skilled in a particular activity快手，高手，能人

8. ...without writing them down and stage actors who had to learn manylinesevery time they began a new play.

line: words that someone has to learn and say as part of a play or performance臺(tái)詞

9. Many of us assume that their highly developedpalatescan pick out subtleties andnuancesin wines that are not apparent to the rest of us, but studies have shown that their powers are highly exaggerated.

palate:本義是the top part of the inside of your mouth顎，引申為a person's ability to taste and judge good food and wine（對(duì)美食、美酒的）鑒賞力

例：a discriminating palate敏銳的鑒賞力

nuance：a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, color,meaning etc〔方式、顏色、意義等的〕細(xì)微差別

10. practice this oftenboils down topurposeful practice with a few extra steps.

boil down to：informal if a long statement, argument etc boils down to a single statement, that statement is the main point or cause要點(diǎn)是某事，歸結(jié)為某事

二 感悟

第三章提出的心里表征使我深有感觸。我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ詈蛯W(xué)習(xí)中都會(huì)遇到這樣的事情：雖然有一個(gè)事物我們從未遇到過(guò)，但我們往往依然能夠很好的應(yīng)對(duì)這樣的事情。比如說(shuō)我們學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)定理公式，并針對(duì)這個(gè)點(diǎn)做了大量的習(xí)題，但是在考試中我們遇到的題目雖然都是考察這個(gè)點(diǎn)，可是從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)完全一樣的題目。但是我們?nèi)阅馨凑找延械膬?chǔ)備完成新的題目，我想這大概就是神奇的“心里表征”吧。其實(shí)我們?cè)谏钪袨榱诉_(dá)到某個(gè)水平而進(jìn)行不斷練習(xí)或多或少會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種心里表征。當(dāng)我們要運(yùn)用我們所苦練的技能時(shí)，這種神奇的MR就會(huì)發(fā)生作用。

還有就是關(guān)于“一萬(wàn)小時(shí)理論”的部分，這里的一萬(wàn)只是虛數(shù)。我覺(jué)得它與我們的刻意練習(xí)不謀而合。但是我們必須要注意幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：具體問(wèn)題具體分析，不同領(lǐng)域可能對(duì)此種練習(xí)的適應(yīng)性不同；不盲目，帶有具體的目的。

三 summary

We finished chapter 3 and chapter 4 this week. Chapter 3 introduces a concept called "mental representation". Mental representation is a mental structure that corresponds to an object, an idea, a collection of information, or anything else, concrete or abstract, that the brain is thinking about. Mental representation interacts with deliberate practice. Deliberate practice creats mental representation and the mental representation produced by? the deliberate practice has significant impact on the process and results of deliberate practice. By practising delibrately, we can have a good understanding of some skills and we call this sense? "mental representation". By using mental representation, we ?can practice more skillfully and hone our skills.

Chapter 4 introduces the core concept of this book: deliberate practice. Firstly, it shows us some features of deliberate practice. Secondly, it tells us how to apply deliberate practice to our lives. An important method is having an excellent teacher to assist us. Finally, it draws a distinction between deliberate practice and ten-thousand-hour rule. It clarifies people's misunderstandings about practice.