管理Linux磁盤分區(qū)

一、LVM方式

概念

  1. LVM:邏輯卷管理器,是建立在物理存儲設(shè)備上的一個抽象層,允許你生成邏輯存儲卷,與硬件相關(guān)的存儲設(shè)置被其隱藏,
    你不用停止應(yīng)用或卸載文件系統(tǒng)來調(diào)整卷大小或遷移數(shù)據(jù),可以彈性管理你的分區(qū)。
  2. 物理卷:直接對應(yīng)實際硬盤分區(qū),也可以是整個硬盤或已創(chuàng)建的軟RAID,是LVM的基本存儲設(shè)備。
  3. 卷組:是由一個或多個物理卷所組成的存儲池,在卷組上能創(chuàng)建一個或多個邏輯卷。
  4. 邏輯卷:類似于非LVM系統(tǒng)中的硬盤分區(qū),它建立在卷組之上,是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的塊設(shè)備,在邏輯卷上可以建立文件系統(tǒng)。

創(chuàng)建

  1. 創(chuàng)建一個物理卷:
    pvcreate (硬盤分區(qū),如:/dev/sdb1)(把硬盤分區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)換成物理卷,其中/dev/sdb1就是硬盤的掛載位置)
    通過命令pvdisplay可以查看系統(tǒng)中所有的物理卷信息。
    剛創(chuàng)建的物理卷不屬于任何卷組,不能直接使用。
    另外,如果直接在一整塊盤的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)建LVM分區(qū),之后想對該分區(qū)進行擴容,則只能使用加盤然后創(chuàng)建pv的方式擴容,不能對這塊盤進行擴容(特指虛擬機)。
    比如一塊sdb的盤有1G,在基礎(chǔ)上直接創(chuàng)建了pv,沒有使用fdisk進行分區(qū),則如果該硬盤被擴容為了2G,則后續(xù)操作很復(fù)雜,甚至有可能無法擴容(本人沒有嘗試,但是一開始操作的時候就失敗了)
    所以下面直接在磁盤基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)建lvm的方式,擴容時只適合直接添加一塊硬盤,然后在新硬盤上創(chuàng)建pv,之后就可以擴容了。
[root@hadoop101 /]# pvcreate /dev/sdd
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
  1. 創(chuàng)建一個卷組:
    vgcreate (卷組名,如:vg_test) (物理卷,如:/dev/sdb1)
    (物理卷可以是已創(chuàng)建的,也可以是未創(chuàng)建的,當(dāng)物理未創(chuàng)建時,該命令可直接創(chuàng)建一個物理卷,并加入卷組中)
    通過命令vgdisplay可以查看系統(tǒng)中所有的物理卷信息。
[root@hadoop101 /]# vgcreate vg2 /dev/sdd
  Volume group "vg2" successfully created
  1. 在卷組中創(chuàng)建邏輯卷:
    lvcreate -l (邏輯卷大小,如:3G) -n (邏輯卷名稱,如:lv_test) (卷組名稱,如:vg_test)
    邏輯卷大小的位置一般會使用 +100%FREE 這樣邏輯卷的大小就直接是整塊硬盤的大小
    通過命令lvdisplay可以查看系統(tǒng)中所有的邏輯卷信息。
[root@hadoop101 /]# lvcreate -l +100%free -n lv2 vg2
  Logical volume "lv2" created.
  1. 在邏輯卷創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng):
    注意在掛在前需要先格式化lv,否則無法掛載,至于格式化成何種文件系統(tǒng),就看自己的選擇了。
    (原文用法) mke2fs -j (邏輯卷,如:/dev/vg_test/lv_test)
    (我的用法) mkfs.ext4 (邏輯卷,如:/dev/vg_test/lv_test)(這里卷組與邏輯卷是文件夾的包含關(guān)系)
    也可以創(chuàng)建成其他的文件系統(tǒng),請網(wǎng)上查找mkfs的用法。
[root@hadoop101 /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
196608 inodes, 785408 blocks
39270 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
  1. 掛載邏輯卷:
    mount (邏輯卷,如:/dev/vg_test/lv_test) (掛載目錄,如:/opt)
[root@hadoop101 /]# mount /dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 /data2
[root@hadoop101 /]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G  9.5M  1.4G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        46G   18G   29G  38% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  149M  866M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     283M     0  283M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1     xfs      1017M  159M  859M  16% /data
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2     ext4      2.9G  9.0M  2.8G   1% /data2

移除

要想完全移除物理卷,則必須按照如下順序進行,先取消掛載,后刪除邏輯卷,而后刪除卷組,最后才能移除物理卷
不要像我一樣傻了吧唧到/dev里刪除硬盤對應(yīng)的文件,那會導(dǎo)致之后使用LVM時報錯

  1. 卸載邏輯卷 umount (掛載目錄,如:/opt)
  2. 刪除邏輯卷 lvremove (邏輯卷,如:/dev/vg_test/lv_test)
  3. 刪除卷組: vgremove (卷組,如:/dev/vg_test)
  4. 刪除物理卷:pvremove (物理卷,如:/dev/sdb1)

擴容

擴容分兩種情況,一種是添加了新硬盤,那么就直接給lv擴容,如下,操作比較簡單。
先依照新硬盤創(chuàng)建pv,然后查看vg信息,給vg擴容。

[root@hadoop101 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
[root@hadoop101 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <49.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Alloc PE / Size       12542 / 48.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               86d1CJ-r9mM-A7Pf-eDzq-mWE5-aEp3-AXPNSy
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg2
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <3.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              767
  Alloc PE / Size       767 / <3.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               wf6BjR-hpYi-Lg6F-ZUqU-JdrI-TaYu-eSAbGx
   
[root@hadoop101 ~]# vgextend vg2 /dev/sdb
  Volume group "vg2" successfully extended

然后查看lv信息,確定要擴容的lv,然后查看vg信息,查看vg有多少剩余空間可以擴容

[root@hadoop101 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                XZYGOt-0nrU-AssR-4Fix-sGKA-bC7P-rhdmdS
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-10-28 09:24:50 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                3.00 GiB
  Current LE             768
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                lqA3m1-drgv-DQ2q-jJsB-PdO8-Ge2P-SMwT8s
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-10-28 09:24:51 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                45.99 GiB
  Current LE             11774
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg2/lv2
  LV Name                lv2
  VG Name                vg2
  LV UUID                I3x28B-fLfN-L4Z7-t5am-Yzp6-nVyG-rvL7ew
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time hadoop101, 2022-05-18 15:03:00 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                <3.00 GiB
  Current LE             767
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
[root@hadoop101 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <49.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Alloc PE / Size       12542 / 48.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               86d1CJ-r9mM-A7Pf-eDzq-mWE5-aEp3-AXPNSy
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg2
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               3.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1022
  Alloc PE / Size       767 / <3.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               wf6BjR-hpYi-Lg6F-ZUqU-JdrI-TaYu-eSAbGx

擴容,+255就是上面vg剩余的空間,就是倒數(shù)第二行free pe那里,后面跟上要擴容的lv。

[root@hadoop101 ~]# lvextend -l+255 /dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 
  Size of logical volume vg2/lv2 changed from <3.00 GiB (767 extents) to 3.99 GiB (1022 extents).
  Logical volume vg2/lv2 successfully resized.

如果給硬盤擴容了,但并沒有添加新的磁盤,這種情況多用于虛擬機,此時需要給物理卷,邏輯卷和文件系統(tǒng)分別擴容

[root@ambari-2 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ad721

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 39.7 GB, 39720058880 bytes, 77578240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可以看到我的磁盤容量要大于下面分區(qū)的容量,因為我剛給磁盤擴了容
下面就根據(jù)給那塊盤擴容,就給那塊盤重新分區(qū)

[root@ambari-2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p(此處回車,p表示查看當(dāng)前的分區(qū)情況)

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ad721

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n(此處回車,n表示創(chuàng)建一個分區(qū))
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p(此處回車,p表示創(chuàng)建一個主分區(qū))
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3(此處回車,3表示分區(qū)編號)
First sector (83886080-125829119, default 83886080): (直接回車)
Using default value 83886080
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (83886080-125829119, default 125829119): (直接回車)
Using default value 125829119
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t(此處回車,t表示修改分區(qū)類型)
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3(此處回車,3表示要修改的分區(qū))
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e(此處回車,8e表示LVM分區(qū))
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p(此處回車,p表示查看分區(qū)情況)

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ad721

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        83886080   125829119    20971520   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w(此處回車,w表示寫入磁盤并退出)
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@ambari-2 ~]# reboot

這里我最后一步是重啟的,如果不想重啟,或者服務(wù)器是生產(chǎn)環(huán)境不能重啟,則可以執(zhí)行下面的命令讓其在不重啟的情況下識別新分區(qū)。
先檢查是否安裝了parted包。然后執(zhí)行命令,最后的警告可以忽略,不影響實際使用。

[root@ambari-1 /]# rpm -q parted
parted-3.1-31.el7.x86_64
[root@ambari-1 /]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

之后我們再格式化分區(qū)

[root@ambari-2 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1310720 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242880, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

在新分區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)建PV

[root@ambari-2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

查看已有的卷組及其卷組下包含的PV

[root@ambari-2 ~]# vgdisplay -v
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <39.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              9983
  Alloc PE / Size       9982 / 38.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               fPqYS7-T6UR-gpMq-UVgA-L0YC-oNZW-pswGb4
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                jr24hL-9S92-lDoQ-vouu-qN3N-7OPv-RdWTt0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambari-2, 2021-07-01 21:52:45 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                YhoiNU-8hZ0-A58R-6kVj-LXJ5-2StC-kHe2la
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambari-2, 2021-07-01 21:52:45 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                36.99 GiB
  Current LE             9470
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2     
  PV UUID               BDThgK-V36X-BE9c-zo7K-UPYb-Nc8H-OS9ew2
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    9983 / 1

將剛才創(chuàng)建好的PV加入卷組

[root@ambari-2 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

再次查看卷組

[root@ambari-2 ~]# vgdisplay -v             
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               58.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              15102
  Alloc PE / Size       9982 / 38.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       5120 / 20.00 GiB
  VG UUID               fPqYS7-T6UR-gpMq-UVgA-L0YC-oNZW-pswGb4
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                jr24hL-9S92-lDoQ-vouu-qN3N-7OPv-RdWTt0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambari-2, 2021-07-01 21:52:45 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                YhoiNU-8hZ0-A58R-6kVj-LXJ5-2StC-kHe2la
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambari-2, 2021-07-01 21:52:45 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                36.99 GiB
  Current LE             9470
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2     
  PV UUID               BDThgK-V36X-BE9c-zo7K-UPYb-Nc8H-OS9ew2
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    9983 / 1
   
  PV Name               /dev/sda3     (這就是我們剛才添加的PV)
  PV UUID               4pxqcc-h2kU-RTVo-3V4q-r8Ql-36tj-vec8FE
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    5119 / 5119  (記住這個數(shù)字,一會擴容要用)

給卷組擴容

[root@ambari-2 ~]# lvextend -l+5119 /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 36.99 GiB (9470 extents) to <56.99 GiB (14589 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

給文件系統(tǒng)擴容,有必要提前查看文件系統(tǒng)類型,使用df -Th命令即可,我就不查看了。

[root@ambari-2 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2424320 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=9697280, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=4735, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9697280 to 14939136

最后查看是否完成擴容

[root@ambari-2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G  9.4M  1.4G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        57G  2.0G   56G   4% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  149M  866M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     283M     0  283M   0% /run/user/0

非LVM方式

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l

磁盤 /dev/sda:21.5 GB, 21474836480 字節(jié),41943040 個扇區(qū)
Units = 扇區(qū) of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇區(qū)大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
磁盤標(biāo)簽類型:dos
磁盤標(biāo)識符:0x000c4468

   設(shè)備 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

磁盤 /dev/sdb:5368 MB, 5368709120 字節(jié),10485760 個扇區(qū)
Units = 扇區(qū) of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇區(qū)大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)


磁盤 /dev/mapper/centos-root:18.2 GB, 18249416704 字節(jié),35643392 個扇區(qū)
Units = 扇區(qū) of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇區(qū)大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)


磁盤 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字節(jié),4194304 個扇區(qū)
Units = 扇區(qū) of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇區(qū)大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節(jié) / 512 字節(jié)
[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
歡迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改將停留在內(nèi)存中,直到您決定將更改寫入磁盤。
使用寫入命令前請三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盤標(biāo)識符 0x24a3943e 創(chuàng)建新的 DOS 磁盤標(biāo)簽。

命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):n(此處回車,n表示新建分區(qū))
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p(此處回車,p表示創(chuàng)建一個主分區(qū))
分區(qū)號 (1-4,默認 1):1(此處回車,1表示分區(qū)編號,只能分四個區(qū),且用且珍惜)
起始 扇區(qū) (2048-10485759,默認為 2048):(此處回車)
將使用默認值 2048
Last 扇區(qū), +扇區(qū) or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759,默認為 10485759):(此處回車)
將使用默認值 10485759
分區(qū) 1 已設(shè)置為 Linux 類型,大小設(shè)為 5 GiB

命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):w(此處回車,w表示寫入磁盤,否則更改將不會保存)
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盤。
[root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327616 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310464, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test_disk
[root@localhost /]# df -Th
文件系統(tǒng)                類型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 掛載點
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  475M     0  475M    0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M  7.7M  479M    2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  1.7G   16G   10% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  167M  848M   17% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs      98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               xfs       5.0G   33M  5.0G    1% /test_disk

硬盤默認開機不掛載,所以要設(shè)置開機自動掛載

[root@localhost /]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="32b78c3c-33f5-4940-a81d-5b2cddc57af1" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="lQiwfj-K8kC-xoaL-YuRr-A3iC-ypYM-fLPG8B" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-11-18-50-31-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" 
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="1434974b-50dc-4525-ae93-8ee46e61289d" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="f2d23ee0-ca99-4633-be00-ae827c0ea754" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d9a507cb-601f-4ffb-8e11-86ac6538032d" TYPE="xfs"

[root@localhost /]# sed -i '$a\UUID=d9a507cb-601f-4ffb-8e11-86ac6538032d /apps xfs defaults 0 2' /etc/fstab

參數(shù)解釋:
UUID——要掛載的磁盤的UUID
/apps——掛載目錄
xfs——文件系統(tǒng)
defaults——掛載時所要設(shè)定的參數(shù)(只讀,讀寫,啟用quota等),輸入defaults包括的參數(shù)有(rw、dev、exec、auto、nouser、async)
0——使用dump是否要記錄,0為不需要,1為需要
2——2是開機時檢查的順序,boot系統(tǒng)文件為1,其他文件系統(tǒng)都為2,如不要檢查就為0

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