1.準(zhǔn)備

在官網(wǎng)上下載Oracle，并上傳到自己的服務(wù)器 https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/index.html

oracle

Oracle Database 11g Release 2

下載Oracle源
根據(jù)oracle版本選擇 wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo 還是wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install wget
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo

根據(jù)系統(tǒng)編輯文件，根據(jù)對應(yīng)系統(tǒng)版本將 enabled的值置為1,使用對應(yīng)的源，默認(rèn)是最新的

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-ol7.repo

[ol7_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[ol7_u0_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/0/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_u1_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/1/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_u2_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/2/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_u3_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/3/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_u4_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 4 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/4/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_u5_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 5 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/5/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

2.基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境配置

查看機(jī)器配置參數(shù)

cpu配置

[root@mldb002 ~]# more /proc/cpuinfo 
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 79
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2682 v4 @ 2.50GHz
stepping    : 1
microcode   : 1
cpu MHz     : 2494.222
cache size  : 40960 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp      : yes

內(nèi)存配置

[root@mldb002 ~]# more /proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:       33014448 kB
MemFree:        32425904 kB
Buffers:           65416 kB
Cached:           185636 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           142592 kB
Inactive:         185972 kB
Active(anon):      77532 kB
Inactive(anon):      160 kB
Active(file):      65060 kB
Inactive(file):   185812 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:                40 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:         77524 kB
Mapped:            27924 kB
Shmem:               176 kB
Slab:              48796 kB

配置交換分區(qū)

Swap交換分區(qū)建議6G以上,最好在安裝ORACLE-LINUX-R6U5時就分配好6G以上的空間，硬盤不少于10G。
如果安裝linux的時候沒有配置也可以用如下命令配置：
參考

1、用dd命令創(chuàng)建一個16G的文件（of ：文件路徑 bs：大小單位 count：數(shù)量）

[root@mldb002 /]#dd if=/dev/zero of=/u02/sys/swap bs=1G count=16

2、將它創(chuàng)建為Linux Swap虛擬交換文件

[root@mldb002 sys]# mkswap /u02/sys/swap
mkswap: /u02/sys/swap: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors
        on whole disk. Use -f to force.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 16777212 KiB
no label, UUID=ae803301-f1ce-4581-921f-b0911c094dbb

3、激活并使用/var/swapfile交換文件

[root@mldb002 /]#swapon /u02/sys/swap

4、設(shè)置系統(tǒng)啟動后自動激活虛擬交換文件。

[root@mldb002 /]#vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Aug 25 11:52:44 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=a3b07a51-3009-4ddf-9240-81333f13880e /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/u02/sys/swap           swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

5、查看是否配置成功

top - 14:58:19 up 6 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.00
Tasks: 192 total,   2 running, 190 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s):  0.1%us,  0.1%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.8%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st
Mem:  33014448k total,   450980k used, 32563468k free,     8596k buffers
Swap: 16777212k total,        0k used, 16777212k free,   107780k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                       
 1303 root      20   0 2447m  66m  10m S  0.7  0.2   0:07.13 java                                           
 1301 root      20   0  113m 1516  916 S  0.3  0.0   0:00.15 wrapper                                        
    1 root      20   0 19228 1584 1308 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.52 init                                           
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                                       
    3 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                    
    4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0                                    
    5 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper/0                                      
    6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/0                                     
    7 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/1                                    
    8 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper/1                                      
    9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1                                    
   10 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/1                                     
   11 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/2                                    
   12 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper/2                                      
   13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2                                    
   14 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/2                                     
   15 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/3                                    
   16 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper/3                                      
   17 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/3                                    
   18 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/3                                     
   19 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/4                                    
   20 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper/4                                      
   21 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ksoftirqd/4                                    
   22 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/4                                     
   23 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/5

配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)

必須固定安裝Oracle所在機(jī)器的IP地址，不能用DHCP動態(tài)分配IP地址。如果不是固定ip則需要更改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0文件：

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29:74:5B:62
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=00:0C:29:74:5B:62 #你的mac地址
IPADDR=192.168.89.130 #你的IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #你的IP地址
GATEWAY=192.168.89.1 #你的網(wǎng)關(guān)

修改主機(jī)名

[root@localhost etc]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 mldb002

或者

[root@mldb002 etc]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=mldb002
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
PEERNTP=no

重啟并確認(rèn)主機(jī)名

[root@localhost etc]# reboot
[root@localhost etc]# hostname
[root@mldb002 yum.repos.d]# hostname
mldb002

Oracle環(huán)境配置

在安裝過程中涉及的幾個文件位置及用途

/etc/sysctl.conf    (修改內(nèi)核參數(shù))
/etc/security/limits.conf    (shell對oracle用戶的限制)
/etc/pam.d/login
/etc/profile   (系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的環(huán)境變量)
/home/oracle/.bash_profile (oracle用戶相關(guān)的環(huán)境變量)
/home/oracle(確保本目錄空間足夠大)
/etc/hosts (建立ip和機(jī)器名的關(guān)系，通過uname把地址和機(jī)器名關(guān)聯(lián)，否則在安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫時報監(jiān)聽器錯誤)
/etc/sysconfig/network 修改機(jī)器名

創(chuàng)建Oracle用戶和用戶組

在后面預(yù)安裝包安裝的話如果沒有oracle用戶則會自動創(chuàng)建，這里由于我們想指定UID和GID所以手動創(chuàng)建oinstall,dba組和oracle用戶，安裝目錄可以選擇安裝在/home/oralce目錄下。
linux用戶和組介紹
 查看組命令

[root@mldb002 ~] cat /etc/group
[root@mldb002 ~] groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@mldb002 ~] groupadd -g 54322  dba
[root@mldb002 ~] useradd -u 54321 -m -d  /home/oracle  -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@mldb002 ~] id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) 組=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)

groupadd oinstall 是創(chuàng)建用戶組,用來做oracle的安裝和維護(hù)工作
useradd 是創(chuàng)建用戶
-m –d /home/oracle 是把/home/oracle目錄作為oracle用戶的主目錄或登錄默認(rèn)目錄
–g oinstall 是表示oracle用戶的初始組為oinstall
–G dba 是表示oracle用戶同時屬于dba組,做數(shù)據(jù)維護(hù),和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理工作.

創(chuàng)建oracle用戶的密碼:根據(jù)提示,輸入2次密碼就可以了。還要讓oinstall用戶組對oracle安裝目錄有寫權(quán)限

[root@linuxoa pafirc] passwd oracle
[root@linuxoa pafirc] chmod -R 700 /home/oracle

修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)

如果內(nèi)核參數(shù)配置的不對,在”產(chǎn)品特定先決條件檢查”中也會被檢測出來,也需要修改內(nèi)核參數(shù).在/etc/sysctl.conf中可以自定義修改，由于我們使用預(yù)安裝包安裝他會自動修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)所以這里不用修改了。

設(shè)置Shell對于oracle用戶的限制:

[root@txmlwebserver01 mlerpdb01]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then 
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then 
  ulimit -p 16384 
  ulimit -n 65536 
else 
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 
fi 
fi
[root@txmlwebserver01 ~]# source /etc/profile

配置ORACLE_HOME

[root@mldb002 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@mldb002 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@mldb002 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@mldb002 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[root@mldb002 /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[root@mldb002 /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@mldb002 /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
[root@mldb002 /]# chmod -R 755 /u01/app

以oracle用戶身份登錄,修改當(dāng)前用戶下的.bash_profile(這是用戶主目錄下的一個隱藏文件)

[oracle@mldb002 ~]cd /home/oracle
[oracle@mldb002 ~]vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; 
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_SID=mlerpdb01; 
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=mlerpdb01;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export PATH
[oracle@mldb002 ~]# .  /home/oracle/.bash_profile

4.安裝oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

使用yum安裝oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包(oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall)
[root@mldb002 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

如果出現(xiàn)"Couldn't open file /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle" 類似報錯，可以采取以下兩種解決方法
1.不需要驗證包的完整性
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install --nogpgcheck oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
2.wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

查看安裝結(jié)果日志
[root@mldb002 yum.repos.d]# cat /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log

Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and  home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for oracle user
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
Creating oracle user passed 

Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 
Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 
Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
...

5.安裝Oracle

上傳Oracle安裝文件到服務(wù)器的/u02/tools目錄

[root@mldb002 results]# yum -y install zip unzip
[root@mldb002 tmp]# mkdir -p /u02/tools
[root@mldb002 tmp]# cd /u02/tools
[root@mldb002 tools]# unzip /u02/tools/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@mldb002 tools]# unzip /u02/tools/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

查看響應(yīng)文件

[root@localhost tools]# cd database/response/
[root@localhost response]# ls
dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp
[root@localhost response]# grep -Ev "^$|^#" db_install.rsp
 #對照響應(yīng)文件修改自己為自己的配置，示例是安裝在/u01/app目錄下的
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=txmlwebserver01
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=mlerpdb01
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=mlerpdb01
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=MLusr001
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

開始安裝

[root@localhost database] su - oracle
[oracle@localhost database] cd /u02/tools/database/
[oracle@localhost database]# ./runInstaller -silent -showProgress -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /u02/tools/database/response/db_install.rsp

錯誤1：檢查臨時空間: 可用的臨時空間為 7 MB, 所需的臨時空間為 120 MB。未通過 <<<<
可以刪除臨時目錄的文件
[oracle@localhost database] cd /tmp [oracle@localhost tmp]$ rm -rf OraInstall2018-03-09_0*
錯誤2：
WARNING: A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2012-11-20_05-33-57PM/installActions2012-11-20_05-33-57PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.
INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application
INFO: Exit Status is -2
INFO: Shutdown Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer

解決辦法：
在響應(yīng)文件db_install.rsp中，設(shè)置DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true即可。

以下配置腳本需要以 "root" 用戶的身份執(zhí)行。
 #!/bin/sh
 #要運(yùn)行的 Root 腳本
/u02/tools/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/tools/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
要執(zhí)行配置腳本, 請執(zhí)行以下操作:
     1. 打開一個終端窗口
     2. 以 "root" 身份登錄
     3. 運(yùn)行腳本
     4. 返回此窗口并按 "Enter" 鍵繼續(xù)

查看開機(jī)啟動配置文件

[root@oracle admin]# vi /etc/oratab

#

# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#  $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
mlerpdb01:/usr/local/soft/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

[root@oracle admin]# vi /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su - oracle -c "/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"

啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫
[oracle@txmlwebserver01 ~]$ su – oracle
[oracle@txmlwebserver01 ~]$ sqlplus / nolog
sql> conn / as sysdba
sql> startup (一般不需要加參數(shù)，只要設(shè)置好環(huán)境變量）
sql> quit (退出sql模式)

$ lsnrctl start (啟動監(jiān)聽器）

開放遠(yuǎn)程連接端口
[root@txmlwebserver01 ~]$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=1521/tcp
[root@txmlwebserver01 ~]$ service firewalld restart

create tablespace NOTIFYDB datafile '${ORACLE_HOME}\oradata\notifydb.dbf' size 100M reuse autoextend on next 40M maxsize unlimited default storage(initial 128k next 128k minextents 2 maxextents unlimited);

創(chuàng)建用戶