> 概念
如果你是進來找代碼的,那么直接拉到最后!!!
本文概念參考的了Pein_Ju的文章BLE藍牙開發(fā)—Swift版 本文更像是是偏向于在工作中記錄和實踐性,大佬請隨意鄙視??。我的代碼連接放在最后。
現(xiàn)在iOS BLE開發(fā)一般調用的是CoreBluetooth系統(tǒng)原生庫開發(fā)的藍牙4.0以上的低功耗版本,其他連接方式和版本的暫不討論。
-
藍牙術語:
* CBCentralManager //系統(tǒng)藍牙設備管理對象 * CBPeripheral //外圍設備 * CBService //外圍設備的服務或者服務中包含的服務 * CBCharacteristic //服務的特性 * CBDescriptor //特性的描述符關系圖如下:
關系圖- 模式 & 步驟
-
中心模式 Client
- 建立中心角色 CBCentralManager
- 掃描外設 cancelPeripheralConnection
- 發(fā)現(xiàn)外設 didDiscoverPeripheral
- 連接外設 connectPeripheral
- 掃描外設中的服務 discoverServices
- 發(fā)現(xiàn)并獲取外設中的服務 didDiscoverServices
- 掃描外設對應服務的特征 discoverCharacteristics
- 發(fā)現(xiàn)并獲取外設對應服務的特征 didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService
- 給對應特征寫數(shù)據(jù) writeValue:forCharacteristic:type:
- 訂閱特征的通知 setNotifyValue:forCharacteristic:
- 根據(jù)特征讀取數(shù)據(jù) didUpdateValueForCharacteristic
-
外設模式 Server --->
- 建立外設角色
- 設置本地外設的服務和特征
- 發(fā)布外設和特征
- 廣播服務
- 響應中心的讀寫請求
- 發(fā)送更新的特征值,訂閱中心
-
- 模式 & 步驟
> Tips
- 用上面的方式進行掃描后能獲得的設備是正在廣播的設備。這就可能和系統(tǒng)的列表不一樣,連接的時候需要Android作為Server。
- 需要注意外設,服務,特征之間的uuid,斷線重連是用的Peripherals的uuid不要弄混了??
> 具體連接步驟
方式1 原生連接
1.實現(xiàn)代理及代理方法 CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate
2.在代理方法 centralManagerDidUpdateState 中檢測到藍牙設備的狀態(tài)是poweredOn 才能開始掃描設備,要不然找不到~
func centralManagerDidUpdateState(_ central: CBCentralManager) {
tempInputView.text = "初始化對象后,來到centralManagerDidUpdateState"
switch central.state {
case .unknown:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "unknown")
break
case .resetting:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "resetting")
break
case .unsupported:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "unsupported")
break
case .unauthorized:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "unauthorized")
break
case .poweredOff:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "poweredOff")
break
case .poweredOn:
print("CBCentralManager state:", "poweredOn")
//MARK: -3.掃描周圍外設(支持藍牙)
// 第一個參數(shù),傳外設uuid,傳nil,代表掃描所有外設
self.addInputString(str: "開始掃描設備")
central.scanForPeripherals(withServices: nil, options: [CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey: NSNumber.init(value: false)])
}
}
3.發(fā)現(xiàn)設備回調的方法是:
func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didDiscover peripheral: CBPeripheral, advertisementData: [String : Any], rssi RSSI: NSNumber) {
print("=============================start")
if (peripheral.name != nil && peripheral.name! != "xxb") { //排除 xxb
print("peripheral.name = \(peripheral.name!)")
print("central = \(central)")
print("peripheral = \(peripheral)")
print("RSSI = \(RSSI)")
print("advertisementData = \(advertisementData)")
deviceList.append(peripheral)
tableView.reloadData()
}
print("=============================end")
}
注意:這里面是每尋找到一個設備就會回調一次這個方法。
4.選中列表中其中一個點擊進行連接:
self.addInputString(str: "鏈接設備")
central.stopScan()
central.cancelPeripheralConnection(p)
central.connect(p, options: nil)
5.連接成功,連接失敗的回調,其中連接成功了會記錄對應的外設并且開始尋找服務
func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
//設備鏈接成功
self.addInputString(str: "鏈接成功=====>\(peripheral.name ?? "~~")")
peripheralSelected = peripheral
peripheralSelected!.delegate = self
peripheralSelected!.discoverServices(nil) // 開始尋找Services。傳入nil是尋找所有Services
}
func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager, didFailToConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral, error: Error?) {
//設備鏈接失敗
self.addInputString(str: "鏈接失敗=====>\(peripheral.name ?? "~~")")
}
6.尋找到對應的服務特征會回調到peripheral didDiscoverServices 如果這里有和后臺商量好的對一個的service可以做判斷,當前demo是傳入了nil,發(fā)現(xiàn)所有service,并且利用前面保存好的外設去調用發(fā)現(xiàn)特征,這里傳入nil,和前文的意思相同。
//請求周邊去尋找他的服務特征
func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: Error?) {
if error != nil {
self.addInputString(str: "didDiscoverServices error ====> \(error.debugDescription) ")
return
}
guard let serArr = peripheral.services else {
self.addInputString(str: "Peripheral services is nil ")
return
}
for ser in serArr {
self.addInputString(str: "服務的UUID \(ser.uuid)")
self.peripheralSelected!.discoverCharacteristics(nil, for: ser)
}
self.addInputString(str: "Peripheral 開始尋找特征 ")
}
7.peripheral外設搜索服務后對應的特征回調信息方法是:peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor
//找特征的回調
func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService, error: Error?) {
if error != nil { self.addInputString(str: "服務的回調error \(error.debugDescription)");return}
guard let serviceCharacters = service.characteristics else {
self.addInputString(str: "service.characteristics 為空")
return
}
for characteristic in serviceCharacters {
self.addInputString(str: "--------------------------characteristic")
self.addInputString(str: "特征UUID \(characteristic.uuid)")
self.addInputString(str: "uuidString \(characteristic.uuid.uuidString)")
peripheralSelected!.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic) //接受通知
//判斷類型 <=========> 有問題的。
/*
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_9, 6_0) = 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_9, 6_0) = 0x200
*/
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic.properties --> \(characteristic.properties)")
switch characteristic.properties {
case CBCharacteristicProperties.write:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> write")
writeValue(characteristic) //寫入數(shù)據(jù)
tempCBCharacteristic = characteristic //給個全局的點,
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.writeWithoutResponse:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> writeWithoutResponse")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.read:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> read")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.notify:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> notify")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.indicate:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> indicate") //獲取本身的權限
/*
let f = UInt8(characteristic.properties.rawValue) & UInt8(CBCharacteristicProperties.write.rawValue)
if f == CBCharacteristicProperties.write.rawValue { //判斷本身有沒有寫的權限
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> in indicate test write")
writeValue(characteristic) //寫入數(shù)據(jù)
tempCBCharacteristic = characteristic //給個全局的點,
}
*/
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.authenticatedSignedWrites:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> authenticatedSignedWrites")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.extendedProperties:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> extendedProperties")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.notifyEncryptionRequired:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> notifyEncryptionRequired")
continue
case CBCharacteristicProperties.indicateEncryptionRequired:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> indicateEncryptionRequired")
default:
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> default")
let f = UInt8(characteristic.properties.rawValue) & UInt8(CBCharacteristicProperties.write.rawValue)
if f == CBCharacteristicProperties.write.rawValue { //判斷本身有沒有寫的權限 這個可能是綜合的 ---> 注意 16進制的轉換問題~
self.addInputString(str: "characteristic ===> default --test-- write")
tempCBCharacteristic = characteristic //給個全局的點,
self.addInputString(str: "連接成功,設置全局characteristic設置成功,可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)")
}
}
}
}
ps: 這個里面的代碼主要是做了一個判斷,因為是demo,我全部都寫上了,可以根據(jù)實際情況進行篩選,比方說只需要可以讀的就顯示一個.read就可以了~
注意:這里面的default操作,回調的characteristic.properties可能是一個復合信息,以位運算的形式返回,這里面使用了位操作判斷是否支持讀寫。找到后保存了一個全局的characteristic。 最好將characteristic設置成接收notify,這樣后面能接收到發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的回調信息。代碼:peripheralSelected!.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic)
8.有了全局的characteristic 就可以發(fā)送信息了。
func writeValue(_ Characteristic: CBCharacteristic) {
let string = inputTextField.text ?? "~測試數(shù)據(jù)"
let data = string.data(using: .utf8)
self.addInputString(str: "寫入測試數(shù)據(jù) ==> ")
peripheralSelected!.writeValue(data!, for: Characteristic, type: CBCharacteristicWriteType.withResponse)
}
9.接收Notification 和 服務器回傳的數(shù)據(jù) :
// 獲取外設發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)
func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didUpdateValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) {
print("接到服務端發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)")
if (characteristic.value != nil) {
print("開始解析數(shù)據(jù)")
let str = String.init(data: characteristic.value!, encoding: .utf8)
print(str)
receiveMessage.text = receiveMessage.text + "\n" + (str ?? "~")
}
}
//接收characteristic信息
func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didUpdateNotificationStateFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic, error: Error?) {
print("接收characteristic信息")
}
> 另一種連接方式:第三方庫,這個庫是OC寫的。利用點語法,挺方便。
BabyBluetooth
SimpleCoreBluetooth (自己用swift封裝的。)
參考資料:
Swift語言iOS8的藍牙Bluetooth解析
Pein_Ju的文章BLE藍牙開發(fā)—Swift版
