本章是關(guān)于Scrum Master作為變革大師的議題。將?述最常見的定義、Scrum友善文化的特征，以及Scrum Master如何扮演變革大師。
什么是變革大師 (Change Agent)？
一些比較好的關(guān)于變革大師的定義是:
? “通過專注組織的效益、改進(jìn)和發(fā)展來幫助組織自身轉(zhuǎn)型的人”
? “作為變革催化劑的人”
? 在 Scrum 的范圍內(nèi), 杰夫 瓦特對(duì)Scrum Master作為在Scrum中，Geoff Watt認(rèn)為敏捷教練作為變革促進(jìn)者的角色描述如下: “一個(gè)好的Scrum Master幫助 Scrum團(tuán)隊(duì)在組織文化中生存下來。一個(gè)好的Scrum Master幫助改變文化, 使得Scrum團(tuán)隊(duì)可以成長茁壯?！?/p>
Scrum友好文化的特點(diǎn)
簡短?述Scrum友好文化特征的語句是敏捷宣言。雖然我承認(rèn)這些價(jià)值觀和原則是有效的特征, 但我也認(rèn)為一個(gè)具備Scrum友好文化的環(huán)境是:
? 團(tuán)隊(duì)成功更勝過個(gè)人成功? 激勵(lì)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員對(duì)自身和他人負(fù)責(zé)
? 促進(jìn)持續(xù)改進(jìn)和試錯(cuò)
? 贊賞每個(gè)人獨(dú)特才華和技能
? 行為更勝于成果
? 將客戶視為運(yùn)營的中心
? 看重計(jì)劃過程更勝過實(shí)際的計(jì)劃
? 在較長的時(shí)間內(nèi)保證穩(wěn)定的團(tuán)隊(duì)組成會(huì)?高團(tuán)隊(duì)輸出?
? 邀請(qǐng)并激勵(lì)員工追求自我價(jià)值的最大實(shí)現(xiàn)
? 給予員工充分的信任和授權(quán)，使團(tuán)隊(duì)在自律中蓬勃發(fā)展
? 支持、信任和引導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員以幫助其取得成功
? 面對(duì)面的溝通取代臨時(shí)的、完整的文檔
? 重視產(chǎn)品而不是項(xiàng)目
? 以小型、同一、跨職能和自組織的團(tuán)隊(duì)?供業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值
Scrum Master擔(dān)任變革促進(jìn)者的
為了賦予 Scrum團(tuán)隊(duì)一種能夠令其蓬勃發(fā)展的文化,Scrum Master應(yīng)該以變革促進(jìn)者的角色參與其中。Scrum Master協(xié)助創(chuàng)造一個(gè)能讓Scrum精神茁壯成長的環(huán)境。Scrum指南將Scrum Master的角色定義為服務(wù)組織中的幾個(gè)層面:
? 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和指導(dǎo)組織采納Scrum
? 規(guī)劃組織內(nèi)Scrum的實(shí)現(xiàn)
? 幫助員工和利益關(guān)系人了解并制定Scrum和保證產(chǎn)品開發(fā)
? 帶動(dòng)變革來?升Scrum團(tuán)隊(duì)的生產(chǎn)力
? 與其他Scrum Master合作, 進(jìn)而?升Scrum在組織中應(yīng)用的有效性
小結(jié)
作為一個(gè)變革大師,真正好的Scrum Master將會(huì)顯得一見鐘情。ScrumMaster知道如何改變現(xiàn)狀, 并且?guī)椭鷦?chuàng)造一個(gè)更合適的環(huán)境。他們知道何時(shí)帶著破壞性和何時(shí)須得小心仔細(xì)。他們了解組織變革可能需要更長的期間。然而, 他們對(duì)改變的意愿將對(duì)推動(dòng)組織前進(jìn)產(chǎn)生催化作用。Scrum的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于使瓶頸和問題可見, 好的Scrum Master支持組織真正解決這些功能障礙。一切以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Scrum團(tuán)隊(duì)可以蓬勃發(fā)展的文化為終極目標(biāo)!
與敏捷項(xiàng)目管理相關(guān)的推薦資源
敏捷中的三個(gè)Amigos發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略是什么？
Three friends refer to the main perspective of testing and inspecting increments in business, during and after development. They review each story in informal start-up meetings to provide a shared vision of what will be delivered and help ensure that it is the voice of the team, not a single opinion. (三個(gè)朋友指的是在業(yè)務(wù)、開發(fā)期間和開發(fā)之后測(cè)試檢查工作增量的主要視角，例如，業(yè)務(wù)分析師、開發(fā)人員、測(cè)試人員在非正式的啟動(dòng)會(huì)議中回顧每個(gè)故事，以對(duì)將要交付的內(nèi)容給出一個(gè)共同的共享愿景，并幫助確保它是團(tuán)隊(duì)的聲音，而不是單一的意見。)
Agile is the software development methodology that focuses on customer satisfaction by delivery shippable software frequently. Scrum is one of the many approaches to implement Agile. Scrum is suitable for certain type of projects where there are rapidly changing requirements. (敏捷是一種軟件開發(fā)方法，它通過頻繁交付可交付的軟件來關(guān)注客戶滿意度。Scrum是實(shí)現(xiàn)敏捷的眾多方法之一。Scrum適用于需求變化迅速的特定類型的項(xiàng)目。)
Velocity in Scrum is a measure of the amount of work a Team can tackle during a single Sprint and is the key metric in Scrum. Velocity is calculated at the end of the Sprint by totaling the Points for all fully completed User Stories. (速度是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)在一次沖刺中可以完成的工作量的度量，也是Scrum中的關(guān)鍵度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在沖刺結(jié)束時(shí)，通過對(duì)所有完全完成的用戶故事的點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合計(jì)來計(jì)算速度。)
Scrum is a framework within which people can address complex adaptive problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value. Whilst it is lightweight and simple to understand it is difficult to implement and hard to master. This article tell you why?(Scrum是一個(gè)框架，人們可以在其中解決復(fù)雜的適應(yīng)性問題，同時(shí)富有成效和創(chuàng)造性地交付具有最高價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品。雖然它是輕量級(jí)的，易于理解，但很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，也很難掌握。這篇文章告訴你為什么？)
傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理 vs 敏捷項(xiàng)目管理
Traditional project management emphasizes on conducting detailed upfront planning for the project with emphasis on fixing the scope, cost and schedule - and managing those parameters. Whereas, Scrum encourages data-based, iterative decision making in which the primary focus is on delivering products that satisfy customer requirements. (傳統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目管理強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的前期規(guī)劃，強(qiáng)調(diào)確定范圍、成本和進(jìn)度，并管理這些參數(shù)。然而，Scrum鼓勵(lì)基于數(shù)據(jù)的、迭代的決策，其中主要關(guān)注的是交付滿足客戶需求的產(chǎn)品。)
Scrum has not been immune to controversy, and its history of invention is a topic of frequent debate. Some professionals believe that Jeff Sutherland, John Scumniotales, and Jeff McKenna invented Scrum in 1993. And then there are others who vouch for Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka as inventing Scrum in 1986. (Scrum并沒有不受爭(zhēng)議，它的發(fā)明歷史是一個(gè)經(jīng)常爭(zhēng)論的話題。一些專業(yè)人士認(rèn)為Jeff Sutherland、John Scumniotales和Jeff McKenna于1993年發(fā)明了Scrum。還有其他一些人也許相信, 在1986年Hirotaka Takeuchi和Ikujiro Nonaka發(fā)明了Scrum。)
Less known than the process of Scrum and probably under-highlighted, but therefore not less important, are the 5 core Scrum Values upon which the framework is based: Commitment – Focus – Openness – Respect – Courage. These values relate to the ethics of Scrum, thereby -from a social point of view- turning Scrum into a value system. (與scrum的過程相比，人們對(duì)scrum知之甚少，而且可能低估了這一點(diǎn)，但同樣重要的是，該框架所基于的5個(gè)核心scrum價(jià)值觀：承諾——關(guān)注——開放——尊重——勇氣。這些價(jià)值觀與Scrum的倫理有關(guān)，因此從社會(huì)的角度來看，將Scrum轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)價(jià)值體系。)
When talking about Agile, we often talk about ''Agile'' and ''Scrum,'' but, how exactly are related, and how are they different? We take a look of this issue in this Article. (在談到敏捷時(shí), 我們經(jīng)常談?wù)?"敏捷" 和 "scrum", 但是, 它們到底有什么關(guān)系, 它們有什么不同？我們?cè)诒疚闹薪榻B了這一問題。)
This article covers all the key concept of Scrum framework that make you easily be recalled and apply anytime from your mind as systematic knowledge structure (本文涵蓋了 scrum 框架的所有關(guān)鍵概念, 使您可以輕松地被召回, 并從您的頭腦中隨時(shí)作為系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用)
(英文版) (日本語版) 什么是Scrum的三大支柱？ SCRUM使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)方法（或有時(shí)稱為經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義）以適應(yīng)客戶不斷變化的需求。經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義是根據(jù)實(shí)際經(jīng)歷的內(nèi)容做出決策的行為。經(jīng)驗(yàn)方法意味著以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)，以證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的方式開展工作，特別是，進(jìn)展是基于對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀察，而不是基于大量前期要求的虛構(gòu)計(jì)劃。
This article gives you a general overview of Scrum Framework in a nutshell, which covers all the key concept of scrum and Agile development including scrum roles, artifacts, ceremonies, values and rules. (本文簡單介紹了 scrum 框架的一般概述, 其中涵蓋了 scrum 和敏捷開發(fā)的所有關(guān)鍵概念, 包括 scrum 角色、工件、事件、核心價(jià)值和規(guī)則。)
