Why do Russian helicopters in Syria fly so low?

為什么在敘利亞的俄軍直升機飛的那么低？

原文地址：https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Russian-helicopters-in-Syria-fly-so-low

Tamás Polgár：

Russian (Soviet) principles behind helicopter warfare are very different from American, and their helicopters are very different as well.
俄羅斯（蘇聯(lián)）對于武裝直升機的作戰(zhàn)準則相較于美國存在很大的不同，同時兩國的直升機也存在很大的區(qū)別。

After the Vietnam War both nations did their math and came up with their helicopter designs. The Americans favored small, quick choppers like the AH-1 or the AH-64 which relied on speed and maneuverability. Their task was to counter masses of Warsaw Pact armor and take out as many tanks as they can and as quickly as they can. Most Western battle choppers follow the same philosophy from the Eurocopter Tiger to the light BO-105. They usually stop and hover while guiding their missiles from outside the range of anti-aircraft guns (at least originally they were designed to do that) then quickly disappear and reemerge at another point of the battlefield to launch more missiles.
在越南戰(zhàn)爭之后，兩國都吸取了教訓(xùn)并由此產(chǎn)生了不同的直升機設(shè)計。美國鐘愛輕巧型的比如 AH-1 和 AH-64 武裝直升機，他們都有絕佳的速度和機動性。這些直升機的任務(wù)在于和華沙條約國家的部隊作戰(zhàn)，然后盡可能快和多的消滅敵方的坦克部隊。從歐洲直升機虎式到 BO-105 這些西方的武裝直升機大都遵循這一設(shè)計哲學(xué)。他們通常在遠離敵方放空武器的地點盤旋并引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)彈攻擊目標（至少設(shè)計之初是這個目標），然后快速撤退并鎖定新的目標來發(fā)動攻擊。

The Warsaw Pact, on the other hand, did not expect to encounter heavy armored resistance and their helicopters were built in a different fashion. In the Soviet doctrine the helicopters were to render close support to ground troops. What they had in mind was not an agile but fragile mosquito but something like a flying tank which doesn’t float but sweeps low and strafes enemy troops with gunfire and unguided missiles like a plane. This is how the Mi-24 was born. Imagine if you crossbred an A-10 Warthog with a Mi-8 transport helicopter on which the Mi-24 was actually based, and that’s what it is.
相對的，華沙條約國家并不將重裝甲部隊做為攻擊目標，因此他們的直升機擁有另一種設(shè)計哲學(xué)。在蘇聯(lián)思想中直升機用于為地面的步兵部隊提供火力支援。他們對于直升機的需求并不是小巧而又脆弱的蚊子類型，而是一架飛行的坦克通過低空飛掠并使用機炮與無制導(dǎo)火箭彈來清掃敵方步兵。這就是 Mi-24 誕生的背景。想象一下把一架 A-10 疣豬攻擊機和一架 Mi-8 運輸直升機結(jié)合起來，這就是 Mi-24 了。

The Russians also wanted their choppers to be capable of troop transport, hence the Hind has a cargo compartment. It was in fact a good idea which the Americans overlooked. Today there are various solutions to make Apaches capable of inserting or extracting special forces, but they aren’t exactly the best.
俄國人同樣希望他們的直升機能夠搭載步兵，因此雌鹿直升機后部有一個貨倉。從美國人的角度而言確實是一個不錯的想法?，F(xiàn)今可以通過幾種途徑是的阿帕奇武裝直升機來運輸特種部隊，不過都不是什么特別好的方案。

On the other hand however, the Russians rarely used the cargo compartment of the Hind, so they designed their next helicopters without any. Thus the Mi-28 Havoc and the Ka-50 Hokum were born. They are a synthesis of Western and Eastern design principles, so to say. They still sweep low and deliver a punch.
但從另一方面而言，俄國人也很少使用雌鹿后部的貨倉，所以在下一代的直升機中就取消了這個設(shè)計。由此誕生了 Mi-28 和 Ka-50 直升機。這就是對于東西方設(shè)計思想的整合。但這些直升機仍然低空飛行然后發(fā)動攻擊。

The Hungarian air force attempted to use Mi-24s in the fashion of Apaches, but it just wasn’t cut for it. It was not designed for the sneaky kind of assault. It is designed to storm the enemy like a tank.
匈牙利空軍曾經(jīng)嘗試按照阿帕奇的使用方式來使用 Mi-24s，不過效果并不好，原本這直升機就不是拿來這發(fā)動隱蔽攻擊的。而是用于像坦克一樣沖鋒陷陣。