Foundition API - NSDictionary學(xué)習(xí)

第一次學(xué)習(xí)英文官方文檔，有很多不懂得地方，暫時(shí)空著，回頭查詢中文文檔再補(bǔ)全，如果有大神愿意指點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)留言，感謝！?。?/p>

1、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)dictionary

//1>直接創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空dictionary
+ (instancetype)dictionary;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionary];

//2>獲取本地路徑下文件中的dictionary
+ (NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:path];
//path是一個(gè)絕對(duì)路徑或者是相對(duì)路徑，由這個(gè)路徑獲取的文件內(nèi)容必須是一個(gè)字典，否則dict1為nil。

//3>獲取接口返回的dictionary
+ (NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:url];
//url是一個(gè)接口，由這個(gè)接口獲取的文件內(nèi)容必須是一個(gè)字典，否則dict1為nil。

//4>將一個(gè)dictionary中的key和value復(fù)制到一個(gè)新的dictionary中
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithDictionary:(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)dict;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dict];
//dict:一個(gè)dictionary

//5>創(chuàng)建一個(gè)只有一個(gè)key和value的dictionary
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(id<NSCopying>)key;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:value forKey:key];

//6>創(chuàng)建一個(gè)有多個(gè)value和key的dictionary
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObjects:(NSArray<ObjectType> *)objects forKeys:(NSArray<id<NSCopying>> *)keys;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:@[value1,value2,value3] forKeys:@[key1,key2,key3]];
//value和key的順序必須一一對(duì)應(yīng)

//7>?。。。。。。。。?！沒搞清楚！?。?！
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObjects:(const ObjectType  _Nonnull [])objects forKeys:(const id<NSCopying>  _Nonnull [])keys count:(NSUInteger)cnt;

//8>創(chuàng)建一個(gè)有多個(gè)value和key的dictionary
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)firstObject, ...;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:value1,key1,value2,key2,value3,key3, nil];

2、初始化dictionary實(shí)例

//1>實(shí)例化一個(gè)空dictionary
- (instancetype)init;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] init];

//2>實(shí)例化一個(gè)dictionary獲取本地路徑下文件中的數(shù)組
- (NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];

//3>實(shí)例化一個(gè)dictionary接收接口返回的字典
- (NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url];

//4>實(shí)例化一個(gè)dictionary，并將里一個(gè)數(shù)組中的元素復(fù)制
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)otherDictionary;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict1];

//?。。。。。。。。?！沒搞懂
//5>實(shí)例化一個(gè)dictionary，并將里一個(gè)數(shù)組中的元素復(fù)制(copyItems)
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)otherDictionary copyItems:(BOOL)flag;

//6>實(shí)例化一個(gè)有多個(gè)value和key的dictionary
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(NSArray<ObjectType> *)objects forKeys:(NSArray<id<NSCopying>> *)keys;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjects:@[value1,value2,value3] forKeys:@[key1,key2,key3]];

//7>?。。。?！沒搞懂
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(ObjectType  _Nonnull const [])objects forKeys:(id<NSCopying>  _Nonnull const [])keys count:(NSUInteger)cnt;


//8>實(shí)例化一個(gè)有多個(gè)value和key的dictionary
- (instancetype)initWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)firstObject, ...;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = [[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:value1,key1,value2,key2,value3,key3, nil];

3、Creates a shared key set object for the specified keys.！?。。?！沒搞懂

+ (id)sharedKeySetForKeys:(NSArray<id<NSCopying>> *)keys;

4、字典中條目的個(gè)數(shù)

@property(readonly, copy) NSArray<KeyType> *allKeys;
//demo
NSUInteger num =  dict. count;

5、字典比較

- (BOOL)isEqualToDictionary:(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)otherDictionary;
//demo
BOOL isEqule = [dict1 isEqualToDictionary:dict];

6、key和value的相關(guān)方法

//1>獲取字典中所有的key值 
@property(readonly, copy) NSArray<KeyType> *allKeys;
//demo
NSArray *keyArr = dict.allKeys;

//2>獲取所有值等于value的key的值
- (NSArray<KeyType> *)allKeysForObject:(ObjectType)anObject;
//demo
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"key1":value1,@"key2":value2,@"key3":value1};
NSArray *keyArr = [dict allKeysForObject:value1];
//返回
//(
//    key1,
//    key3
//)

//3>獲取字典中所有的value值
@property(readonly, copy) NSArray<ObjectType> *allValues;
//demo
NSArray *valueArr = dict.allValues;

//4>Returns by reference C arrays of the keys and values in the dictionary.不懂?。。。。。。?！
- (void)getObjects:(ObjectType  _Nonnull [])objects andKeys:(KeyType  _Nonnull [])keys;


//5>獲取指定key的value
- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(KeyType)aKey;
//demo
NSString *str = [dict objectForKey:key];

//6>獲取指定key的value（不知道和上一個(gè)方法的具體區(qū)別是啥，暫時(shí)知道都能獲取value）
- (ObjectType)objectForKeyedSubscript:(KeyType)key;
//demo
NSString *str = [dict objectForKeyedSubscript:key];

//7>獲取指定key的value，如果沒找到，返回marker
- (NSArray<ObjectType> *)objectsForKeys:(NSArray<KeyType> *)keys notFoundMarker:(ObjectType)marker;
//demo
NSArray *arr = [dict objectsForKeys:@[key] notFoundMarker:maker];
//如果找到對(duì)應(yīng)的key值，則返回對(duì)應(yīng)的value數(shù)組，若沒找到，返回只有marker的數(shù)組

//8>獲取指定key的value值（key的類型必須是NSString）
- (ObjectType)valueForKey:(NSString *)key;
//demo
NSString *str = [dict objectForKeyedSubscript:key];

7、枚舉字典

//1>取出字典中的key值，組成枚舉
- (NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator
//demo
NSEnumerator *keyEnum = [dict1 keyEnumerator];

//2>取出字典中的object，組成枚舉
- (NSEnumerator<ObjectType> *)objectEnumerator;
//demo
NSEnumerator *objectEnum = [dict1 objectEnumerator];

//3>遍歷字典，block中處理字典中的數(shù)據(jù)
- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(KeyType key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))block;
//demo
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull key, id  _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"%@,%@,%d",key,obj,*stop);
}];


//4>遍歷字典，block中處理字典中的數(shù)據(jù)(暫時(shí)不清楚NSEnumerationReverse和NSEnumerationConcurrent的區(qū)別)
- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts usingBlock:(void (^)(KeyType key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))block;
//demo
[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse usingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull key, id  _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"%@,%@,%d",key,obj,*stop);
}];

8、分類字典（暫時(shí)不懂，遇見再研究）

//1>
- (NSArray<KeyType> *)keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:(SEL)comparator;

//2>
- (NSArray<KeyType> *)keysSortedByValueUsingComparator:(NSComparator)cmptr;

//3>
- (NSArray<KeyType> *)keysSortedByValueWithOptions:(NSSortOptions)opts usingComparator:(NSComparator)cmptr;

9、字典過濾（暫時(shí)不懂，遇見再研究）

//1>
- (NSSet<KeyType> *)keysOfEntriesPassingTest:(BOOL (^)(KeyType key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))predicate;

//2>
- (NSSet<KeyType> *)keysOfEntriesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts passingTest:(BOOL (^)(KeyType key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))predicate;

10、保存字典進(jìn)一個(gè)文件

//1>
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile;

//2>
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)atomically;

11、訪問文件屬性

//1>
- (NSDate *)fileCreationDate;

//2>
- (BOOL)fileExtensionHidden;

//3>
- (NSNumber *)fileGroupOwnerAccountID;

//4>
- (NSString *)fileGroupOwnerAccountName;

//5>
- (OSType)fileHFSCreatorCode;

//6>
- (OSType)fileHFSTypeCode;

//7>
- (BOOL)fileIsAppendOnly;

//8>
- (BOOL)fileIsImmutable;

//9>
- (NSDate *)fileModificationDate;

//10>
- (NSNumber *)fileOwnerAccountID;

//11>
- (NSString *)fileOwnerAccountName;

//12>
- (NSUInteger)filePosixPermissions;

//13>
- (unsigned long long)fileSize;

//14>
- (NSUInteger)fileSystemFileNumber;

//15>
- (NSInteger)fileSystemNumber;

//16>
- (NSString *)fileType;

12、創(chuàng)建描述

//1>將dictionary轉(zhuǎn)換為string
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *description;

//2>將dictionary轉(zhuǎn)換為string（不太懂文檔上寫的，區(qū)別就在于上一個(gè)有{}，這個(gè)沒有）
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *descriptionInStringsFileFormat;

//3>
- (NSString *)descriptionWithLocale:(id)locale;

//4>
- (NSString *)descriptionWithLocale:(id)locale indent:(NSUInteger)level;

13、初始化

- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder;

14、實(shí)例方法

//1>
- (NSEnumerator<KeyType> *)keyEnumerator;

//2>
- (void)getObjects:(ObjectType  _Nonnull [])objects andKeys:(KeyType  _Nonnull [])keys count:(NSUInteger)count;
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