C段

Having to deal with this persistent linguistic competition can result in difficulties, however.

但是，從多個(gè)語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)中選詞并不容易。

For instance, knowing more than one language can cause speakers to name pictures more slowly，and can increase ‘tip-of-the-tongue states’，when you can almost, but not quite, bring a word to mind.

例如，會(huì)多個(gè)語(yǔ)言的人挑選書(shū)簽時(shí)更慢，并且更容易出現(xiàn)話(huà)在嘴邊說(shuō)不出的情況。

As a result, the constant juggling of two languages creates a need to control how much a person accesses a language at any given time.

因此，得不停地從兩個(gè)語(yǔ)言中選詞，從而使隨時(shí)切換語(yǔ)言的能力更強(qiáng)。

For this reason, bilingual people often perform better on tasks that require conflict management.

因此，雙語(yǔ)者更善于解決與沖突相關(guān)的事務(wù)。

In the classic Stroop Task, people see a word and are asked to name the colour of the word’s font.

在經(jīng)典的斯特魯游戲中，見(jiàn)一個(gè)詞，就得說(shuō)出這個(gè)字上的顏色。

When the colour and the word match (i.e.，the word ‘red’ printed in red), people correctly name the colour more quickly than when the colour and the word don’t match (i_e.，the word ‘red’ printed in blue).

字體顏色和字義不符時(shí)，人們回答慢且不準(zhǔn)。

This occurs because the word itself (‘red’）and its font colour (blue) conflict.

其原因就是字體顏色和字義不同。

Bilingual people often excel at tasks such as this, which tap into the ability to ignore competing perceptual information and focus on the relevant aspects of the input.

在處理這些要求忽略干擾，集中注意力類(lèi)的問(wèn)題時(shí)，雙語(yǔ)者表現(xiàn)得極優(yōu)異。

Bilinguals are also better at switching between two tasks; for example, when bilinguals have to switch from categorizing objects by colour (red or green) to categorizing them by shape (circle or triangle), they do so more quickly than monolingual people, reflecting better cognitive control when having to make rapid changes of strategy.

雙語(yǔ)者不停地切換任務(wù)也表現(xiàn)得很好；例如，在要先按顏色歸類(lèi)在按形狀歸類(lèi)的時(shí)，雙語(yǔ)者比單語(yǔ)者速度快，說(shuō)明他們?cè)诳焖俎D(zhuǎn)換中的認(rèn)知能力更強(qiáng)。