第一段第一句話
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn‘t biting her nails just yet.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)一： When it comes to + 名詞（組），主謂...
reading
(1)用法：引出全文主旨
(2)譯為：當(dāng)提及...時(shí)，當(dāng)談及到...
寫作文的時(shí)候：
when it comes to _____,opinions vary.
當(dāng)提及到...，人們眾說紛紜。
Some tend to claim that___.
一些人認(rèn)為...
Others,however,may argue that___.
另一些人認(rèn)為...
I am strongly convinced that___.
我認(rèn)為...
重要補(bǔ)充:
(1) be convinced that___(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
...相信...，...認(rèn)為...
例1：
我相信...
I am convinced that___
例2：
他們相信...
They are convinced that___
例3：
科學(xué)家一直相信...
The scientists have been convinced that___
(2) hold/claim/argue/contend: v, ...認(rèn)為,...主張
寫作例句：
一些人認(rèn)為...，而一些人認(rèn)為...
While many seem to hold that___,others might contend that___.
while 句子 , 句子 (猛句子)
(3) seem to/tend to/may/might/can/could
專用于主謂之間，制造抽象的感覺
主謂之間可以插入4種，而且只有4種
a) 從句
b) -ed.../-ing.../to.../adj.../prep...短語
c) tend to/seem to/may/might
d) 雙逗號(hào)結(jié)構(gòu)，雙破折號(hào)結(jié)構(gòu)
(4) 口語表達(dá) --> 書面表達(dá)
some people --> some
many people --> many
few people --> few
those people --> those
句型：many are perplexed that___.
be perplexed/be puzzled/be confused 感到困惑
例句：科學(xué)家一直感到困惑...
The scientists have been perplexed/puzzled/confused____.
動(dòng)詞意思，“使...”，用法都是 be + v + ed，意思為“感到...” 比如：
be surprised/excited/disappointed
知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：slowing /falling /fading /declining
補(bǔ)充
只要表示...人，都用those who/whose...
例1：
日本人
those who are from Japan
例2：
普通大學(xué)畢業(yè)生
those who graduated from average universities
普通大學(xué)：average university
名校：top university
一般學(xué)生：average student
尖子生：top student
例3：
有時(shí)做噩夢的人
those who sometimes have bad dreams
例4:
姓始于字母表后半部分的一個(gè)字母的人
those whose surname begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet
團(tuán)伙
slowsing
falling
fading
declining
(1) slowing economy：減速的經(jīng)濟(jì)，放緩的經(jīng)濟(jì)
slowdown n.減速（經(jīng)濟(jì)）
acceleration n.加速（經(jīng)濟(jì)）
(2) falling adj.日益下跌的，越來越低的
falling transportation and communication costs.
越來越低的交通和通信的支出
No investing,no harvesting.
無投資，不收獲。
No effort,no comfort.
無努力，不舒適。
(3) fading adj.逐漸消失的
fade v.逐漸消失
fading distinction between capitalisim and socialism.
資本主義和社會(huì)主義逐漸消失的區(qū)別.
fading competitiveness of U.S. economy.
美國經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸消失的競爭力.
growing competitiveness of emerging economies.
新型國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)與日俱增的競爭力.
(4) declining adj.
decline n/v.衰退，走下坡路
while USA is now on the decline, CN is now on the rice.
美國正在走下坡路，而中國正在蓬勃發(fā)展.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly for a declining one.
對(duì)任何一個(gè)行業(yè)來說，這是一個(gè)危急的關(guān)頭（可怕的局面），尤其對(duì)一個(gè)走下坡路的行業(yè)。
auto industry:汽車行業(yè)
banking industry:銀行業(yè)
textile industry:紡織業(yè)
energy-intensive industries:能源密集型行業(yè)
寫作
This is an explosive situation for any country, particularly for a developing one.
對(duì)任何一個(gè)國家來說，這是危機(jī)的局面，尤其是對(duì)一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國家。
重要補(bǔ)充
rising /growing /soaring /increasing
(1) rising living costs: 日益上漲的生活支出
rising concern: 越來越大的關(guān)注
寫作例句：
幸運(yùn)的是，今天人們?cè)絹碓疥P(guān)注這種令人痛心的現(xiàn)象。
Rising concern,fortunately,has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon.
(2) growing competitiveness of emerging economies.
新興國家經(jīng)濟(jì)與日俱增的競爭力。
growing threat of global warming.
全球氣候變暖的越來越大的威脅。
(3) soaring adj.激增的
soar v.激增
soaring home prices.
激增的房價(jià)
例子：
The previous three decades has witnessed soaring home prices.
在過去的三十年見證了激增的房價(jià)。
attain fashion/ the goal
達(dá)到流行/目標(biāo)
soaring health budget
激增的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生支出
WHO = World Health Organization 世界衛(wèi)生組織
healthcare/health/care: 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生
budget/spending/cost:支出
In 1950, the U.S. spent $ 12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $ 1,540 billion.
在1950年，美國在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面的支出是127億。在2002年，這一支出將會(huì)是15400億。
(4) an increasing number of people 越來越多的人
= people in mounting numbers
知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：bite one's nails
bite one's nails:束手無策，不知所措
寫作句型：
When it comes to 一件壞事，sb isn't biting her/his nails just yet.
成語
scratch one's head:束手無策，不知所措
have a zzz = noisily doze off:呼嚕呼嚕地睡著了
doze off:瞌睡，入睡
put pen to paper = write:付諸筆端
put computers in the classroom:多媒體教學(xué)
句型
The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is far-reaching.
作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的多媒體教學(xué)熱意義深遠(yuǎn)。
rush n.狂熱，熱
gold rush.淘金熱
the rush to go abroad. 出國熱
the rush to learn english.學(xué)英語熱
the rush to put computers in the classroom.多媒體教學(xué)熱
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
在1960年代之前，即使受教育程度中等的人在寫作時(shí)尋求有高度的語言，而從那以后即使被認(rèn)為最好的文章也會(huì)抓來口語寫到文章中。
the educated:受過教育的人
the poorly educated:受教育程度低的人
the modestly educated:受教育程度中等的人
the highly educated:受教育程度高的人
seek --> sought v.尋找，尋求
an elevated tone 高級(jí)的，有高度的
elevator n.電梯
mother tone/native tone:母語
regard as:視為，看作
well-regarded:被認(rèn)為好的
well-regarded music:被認(rèn)為好的歌曲
well-regarded poems:被認(rèn)為好的詩詞
well-regarded writting:被認(rèn)為好的文章
知識(shí)點(diǎn)四：not...just yet
not...just yet尚未，還沒有...
as yet到目前為止
寫作例句：
許多人尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到形勢的嚴(yán)重性.
Many have not come to realize the severity of this grim trend just yet.
(p35d5)
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
whether...or whether...(主語)
is, as yet, an unanswered question.
是這樣還是那樣，是一個(gè)到目前還沒有答案的問題。
(p45l2)
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
到目前為止那些還沒有意識(shí)到不利處境的人，這是指歧視姓始于字母表后半部分的人。
refer to:指
discrimination against:歧視
disadvantage: n.劣勢，不利處境
the disadvantages:弱勢群體
those who are as yet unaware of such a disadvantage.
那些還沒有意識(shí)到不利處境的人。
連接詞語
not only...but...
whether...or...
either...or...
neither...nor...
not so much...as...
短句---長難句
主謂....+（補(bǔ)充）
補(bǔ)充2種方法：
(1)從句
(2)-ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...
注：
句子的最后一個(gè)是人，后面加 who is/are + -ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...
句子的最后一個(gè)是物，后面加 which is/are + -ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...
who is/are 或者 which is/are 可以省略。
