convention慣例

genre流派;風(fēng)格

demonstrate證明;示威

persuasively有說服力的

emphasis 重點(diǎn)

lexical詞匯的

justify證明

hedging限制

explicitness明確性

precise;accurate精準(zhǔn)的

misinterpretation;misunderstanding誤解

clause從句

inclusive包含的

modality 形式

passive被動(dòng)的

consice簡(jiǎn)明的

convoluted復(fù)雜的;費(fèi)解的

long-winded冗長(zhǎng)的

discourse論述

negotiation談判

reflect反映

implication暗示;卷入;牽連

stakeholders利益相關(guān)者

Features Of Academic Communication

1.Formality & complexity

Academic language tends to belexically denserand more specialised than language used in a non-academic context; this is especially true for Written texts.

*lexically density:content words amount/clause amount

2.Objectivity & hedging

Academic communication should be inclusive,non-emotive and impersonal.

For this reason it tends to include frequent use of modality，passive voice and heding expression.

3.Explicitness

Academic communication should be straight forward and concise;it's better to avoid convoluted expressions and long-winded explanations;

4.Responsibility

In an academic context it's essential to provide appropriate evidence and sufficient justification for your claims.