本文包含:
藍(lán)牙簡(jiǎn)介;
Flutter 中藍(lán)牙開發(fā)步驟;
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 介紹;
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 詳細(xì)使用步驟;
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 的二次封裝,以便簡(jiǎn)潔調(diào)用;
Flutter 完整 藍(lán)牙通訊 含:搜索,連接,匹配特征值,發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),接收數(shù)據(jù) 下載地址;
Flutter 完整 藍(lán)牙通訊項(xiàng)目實(shí)例修改 下位機(jī)參數(shù) 特征值可直接使用 (暫無);
藍(lán)牙簡(jiǎn)介;
藍(lán)牙是設(shè)備近距離通信的一種方便手段,現(xiàn)在很多藍(lán)牙設(shè)備都是指藍(lán)牙4.0,4.0以其低功耗著稱。
通過藍(lán)牙進(jìn)行通訊交互分為兩方,一方為中心設(shè)備central(手機(jī)),一方為外設(shè)peripheral(下位機(jī)硬件設(shè)備),外設(shè)通過廣播的方式向外發(fā)送信息,中心設(shè)備檢索到外設(shè)發(fā)的廣播信息,可以進(jìn)行配對(duì)連接,進(jìn)而進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交互。
Flutter 中藍(lán)牙開發(fā)步驟;
簡(jiǎn)單概括為:
1.添加藍(lán)牙權(quán)限
2.掃描藍(lán)牙設(shè)備
3.連接到設(shè)備并顯示具有特征的服務(wù)
4.匹配對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限特征。例如:有讀取,寫入權(quán)限的特征值
5.根據(jù)協(xié)議向下位機(jī)設(shè)備寫入數(shù)據(jù)
6.手機(jī)端接收到下位機(jī)返回的數(shù)據(jù),并相應(yīng)處理
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 介紹;
FlutterBlue是一款flutter對(duì)藍(lán)牙插件,旨在提供來自兩個(gè)平臺(tái)(iOS和Android)的最大功能。 使用FlutterBlue實(shí)例,您可以掃描并連接到附近的設(shè)備(BluetoothDevice)。一旦連接到設(shè)備,BluetoothDevice對(duì)象就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)(BluetoothService),特征(BluetoothCharacteristic)和描述符(BluetoothDescriptor)。然后,BluetoothDevice對(duì)象用于直接與特征和描述符交互。
flutter_blue 官方介紹以及官方示例下載地址 小聲逼逼:我覺得示例不咋地...
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 詳細(xì)使用步驟;
1.添加藍(lán)牙權(quán)限
Android 端權(quán)限添加:
//文件名:AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

iOS 端權(quán)限添加:
//文件名:Info.plist
<key>NSBluetoothAlwaysUsageDescription</key>
<string>App需要您的同意,才能訪問藍(lán)牙,進(jìn)行設(shè)備連接,數(shù)據(jù)通訊服務(wù)</string>
<key>NSBluetoothPeripheralUsageDescription</key>
<string>App需要您的同意,才能訪問藍(lán)牙,進(jìn)行設(shè)備連接,數(shù)據(jù)通訊服務(wù)</string>

2.添加flutter_blue庫(kù)
//文件名:pubspec.yaml
flutter_blue: ^0.7.2
3.創(chuàng)建實(shí)例 FlutterBlue
//在你需要連接操作藍(lán)牙的xxxx.dart 界面中 導(dǎo)入
import 'package:flutter_blue/flutter_blue.dart';
//可能用到的異步操作庫(kù)
import 'dart:async';
FlutterBlue flutterBlue = FlutterBlue.instance;
/*
提示
個(gè)人建議 實(shí)例創(chuàng)建 在 initState方法中 ,并且FlutterBlue flutterBlue 聲明出來,因?yàn)楹竺娌僮饕玫絝lutterBlue
*/
4.掃描藍(lán)牙設(shè)備
// 開始掃描
flutterBlue.startScan();
// 監(jiān)聽掃描結(jié)果
flutterBlue.scanResults.listen((results) {
// 掃描結(jié)果 可掃描到的所有藍(lán)牙設(shè)備
for (ScanResult r in results) {
scanResults[r.device.name] = r;
if (r.device.name.length > 0) {
print('${r.device.name} found! rssi: ${r.rssi}');
allBlueNameAry.add(r.device.name);
}
}
});
/*
備注
scanResults 是我在前面有聲明的一個(gè) 所有搜索結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)集
allBlueNameAry 是我在前面聲明的一個(gè) 所有搜索到藍(lán)牙名字的數(shù)組
mCharacteristic 是我在前面聲明的一個(gè)特征 因?yàn)閷懭霐?shù)據(jù),接收數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào)時(shí)需要用到,所以我聲明在前面
Map<String, ScanResult> scanResults = new Map();
List allBlueNameAry = [];
BluetoothCharacteristic mCharacteristic;
*/
5.連接到設(shè)備并顯示具有特征的服務(wù)
List distinctIds = allBlueNameAry.toSet().toList();
print("我是過濾后的 藍(lán)牙名字 $distinctIds");
for (var i = 0; i < distinctIds.length; i++) {
bool isEquipment = distinctIds[i].contains("需要連接的設(shè)備名");
if (isEquipment) {
ScanResult r = scanResults[distinctIds[i]];
device = r.device;
// 停止掃描
flutterBlue.stopScan();
// 連接藍(lán)牙設(shè)備 以及掃描特征值
_BleDiscoverServices();
}
}
6.匹配對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限特征。例如:有讀取,寫入權(quán)限的特征值
//_BleDiscoverServices 方法在5.連接到設(shè)備并顯示具有特征的服務(wù)中調(diào)用
_BleDiscoverServices() async {
print("連接上GTRS設(shè)備...延遲連接");
await device.connect(autoConnect: false, timeout: Duration(seconds: 10));
List<BluetoothService> services = await device.discoverServices();
services.forEach((service) {
var value = service.uuid.toString();
print("所有服務(wù)值 --- $value");
if (service.uuid.toString().toUpperCase().substring(4, 8) == "FFF0") {
List<BluetoothCharacteristic> characteristics = service.characteristics;
characteristics.forEach((characteristic) {
var valuex = characteristic.uuid.toString();
print("所有特征值 --- $valuex");
if (characteristic.uuid.toString() ==
"0000fff1-0000-1000-8000-XXXXXXXXXX") {
print("匹配到正確的特征值");
mCharacteristic = characteristic;
const timeout = const Duration(seconds: 30);
Timer(timeout, () {
//收到下位機(jī)返回藍(lán)牙數(shù)據(jù)回調(diào)監(jiān)聽
_BleDataCallback();
});
}
});
}
});
}
7.根據(jù)協(xié)議向下位機(jī)設(shè)備寫入數(shù)據(jù)
//mCharacteristic 4.掃描藍(lán)牙設(shè)備備注有介紹、6.匹配對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限特征中給它賦值
mCharacteristic.write(
[0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
8.手機(jī)端接收到下位機(jī)返回的數(shù)據(jù),并相應(yīng)處理
//mCharacteristic 4.掃描藍(lán)牙設(shè)備備注有介紹、6.匹配對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限特征中給它賦值
//_BleDataCallback 方法在6.匹配對(duì)應(yīng)權(quán)限特征中 調(diào)用
_BleDataCallback() async {
await mCharacteristic.setNotifyValue(true);
mCharacteristic.value.listen((value) {
// do something with new value
// print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - $value");
if (value == null) {
print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - 空??!");
return;
}
List data = [];
for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
String dataStr = value[i].toRadixString(16);
if (dataStr.length < 2) {
dataStr = "0" + dataStr;
}
String dataEndStr = "0x" + dataStr;
data.add(dataEndStr);
}
print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - $data");
});
}
9.斷開藍(lán)牙連接
device.disconnect();
Flutter 插件 flutter_blue 的二次封裝,以便簡(jiǎn)潔調(diào)用:
//創(chuàng)建 一個(gè)叫 -- ble_mannager.dart 文件
/*以下全部復(fù)制進(jìn)文件*/
import 'dart:math';
import 'package:flutter_blue/flutter_blue.dart';
import 'dart:async';
class ble_data_model {
/*
藍(lán)牙參數(shù)
*/
FlutterBlue flutterBlue;
BluetoothDevice device;
Map<String, ScanResult> scanResults;
List allBleNameAry;
BluetoothCharacteristic mCharacteristic;
}
//藍(lán)牙數(shù)據(jù)模型
ble_data_model model = new ble_data_model();
void initBle() {
BluetoothDevice device;
Map<String, ScanResult> scanResults = new Map();
List allBleNameAry = [];
BluetoothCharacteristic mCharacteristic;
model.flutterBlue = FlutterBlue.instance;
model.device = device;
model.scanResults = scanResults;
model.allBleNameAry = allBleNameAry;
model.mCharacteristic = mCharacteristic;
}
void startBle() async {
// 開始掃描
model.flutterBlue.startScan(timeout: Duration(seconds: 4));
// 監(jiān)聽掃描結(jié)果
model.flutterBlue.scanResults.listen((results) {
// 掃描結(jié)果 可掃描到的所有藍(lán)牙設(shè)備
for (ScanResult r in results) {
model.scanResults[r.device.name] = r;
if (r.device.name.length > 0) {
// print('${r.device.name} found! rssi: ${r.rssi}');
model.allBleNameAry.add(r.device.name);
getBleScanNameAry();
}
}
});
}
List getBleScanNameAry() {
//更新過濾藍(lán)牙名字
List distinctIds = model.allBleNameAry.toSet().toList();
model.allBleNameAry = distinctIds;
return model.allBleNameAry;
}
void connectionBle(int chooseBle) {
for (var i = 0; i < model.allBleNameAry.length; i++) {
bool isBleName = model.allBleNameAry[i].contains("GTRS");
if (isBleName) {
ScanResult r = model.scanResults[model.allBleNameAry[i]];
model.device = r.device;
// 停止掃描
model.flutterBlue.stopScan();
discoverServicesBle();
}
}
}
void discoverServicesBle() async {
print("連接上藍(lán)牙設(shè)備...延遲連接");
await model.device
.connect(autoConnect: false, timeout: Duration(seconds: 10));
List<BluetoothService> services = await model.device.discoverServices();
services.forEach((service) {
var value = service.uuid.toString();
print("所有服務(wù)值 --- $value");
if (service.uuid.toString().toUpperCase().substring(4, 8) == "FFF0") {
List<BluetoothCharacteristic> characteristics = service.characteristics;
characteristics.forEach((characteristic) {
var valuex = characteristic.uuid.toString();
print("所有特征值 --- $valuex");
if (characteristic.uuid.toString() ==
"0000fff1-0000-1000-8000-xxxxxxxxx") {
print("匹配到正確的特征值");
model.mCharacteristic = characteristic;
const timeout = const Duration(seconds: 30);
Timer(timeout, () {
dataCallbackBle();
});
}
});
}
// do something with service
});
}
dataCallsendBle(List<int> value) {
model.mCharacteristic.write(value);
}
dataCallbackBle() async {
await model.mCharacteristic.setNotifyValue(true);
model.mCharacteristic.value.listen((value) {
// do something with new value
// print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - $value");
if (value == null) {
print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - 空??!");
return;
}
List data = [];
for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
String dataStr = value[i].toRadixString(16);
if (dataStr.length < 2) {
dataStr = "0" + dataStr;
}
String dataEndStr = "0x" + dataStr;
data.add(dataEndStr);
}
print("我是藍(lán)牙返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) - $data");
});
}
void endBle() {
model.device.disconnect();
}
Flutter 完整 藍(lán)牙通訊 含:搜索,連接,匹配特征值,發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),接收數(shù)據(jù);
自行封裝 flutter_ble_mannager 暫缺實(shí)例
Flutter 完整 藍(lán)牙通訊項(xiàng)目實(shí)例修改 下位機(jī)參數(shù) 特征值可直接使用;
//未完待續(xù)