2018-05-15

偽函數(shù)和多線程

struct func
{
    //偽函數(shù)
    void operator()()  //方法  可以將對象名當作函數(shù)名使用
    {
        cout << "hello1" << endl;
    }

    void operator()(int i)  //
    {
        cout << "hello2" <<i<<endl;
    }
};

void mainu1()
{
    func f1;
    f1();

    cin.get();
}

//void operator()() 對象名 當作函數(shù)名 重載()
//()僅使用于當前結(jié)構(gòu)體對象
//mystruct()構(gòu)造函數(shù) 創(chuàng)建一個臨時對象 既匿名對象

struct mystruct
{
    mystruct()
    {
        cout << "creat" << endl;
    }
    ~mystruct()
    {
        cout << "end" << endl;
    }

    void operator()()
    {
        MessageBoxA(0,"AABCL","123",0);
    }
};

void mainu2()
{
    mystruct go1;
    thread t1(go1);

    mystruct go2;
    thread t2(go2);

    thread t3(mystruct()); //不適合作為多線程參數(shù)  銷毀太快

    //mystruct()構(gòu)造函數(shù)  創(chuàng)建一個臨時對象 既匿名對象
    mystruct()();

    mystruct*p = new mystruct(); //() 初始化  構(gòu)造函數(shù)

    cin.get();
}

成員函數(shù)與多線程

struct funx
{
public:
    static void run()
    {
        MessageBoxA(0, "SSSS", "RRRR", 0);
        cout << "hello" << endl;
    }

    static void runl(const char*str)
    {
        MessageBoxA(0, str, "RRRR", 0);
        cout << "hello" << endl;
    }
};

void main()
{
    //funx *p(nullptr);
    // p->run(); //空類指針可以引用沒有調(diào)用內(nèi)部成員變量的成員函數(shù)
    funx fun1;
    //&funx::run() 引用成員函數(shù)
    thread th1(&funx::run(),fun1);
    thread th2(&funx::run(), fun1);
    thread th3(&funx::runl(), fun1,"DDD"); //傳遞參數(shù)模式
    thread th4(&funx::runl(), fun1,"DDD");

    cin.get();
}

多線程通信

#include<future>
#include<string>
#include<cstdlib>

promise<string> val;  //全局通信變量

void mainu4()
{
    string str1("12345");
    string str2("12345");
    string str3(str1+str2); //C++風格字符串
    //cout << str3 << endl;

    thread th1([]() 
    {
        future<string> fu = val.get_future(); //獲取未來的狀態(tài)
        cout << "等待中" << endl;
        cout << fu.get() << endl;
    });

    thread th2([]() 
    {
        system("pause");
        val.set_value("HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH");
        system("pause");
    });

    th1.join();
    th2.join();

    cin.get();
}

線程功能擴展基于繼承

class huathread:public thread  //C++代碼重用繼承
{
public:
    huathread() :thread() //子類調(diào)用父類構(gòu)造函數(shù)
    {
    
    }

    template <typename T,typename...Args> //子類調(diào)用父類構(gòu)造函數(shù) ,可變參數(shù)的構(gòu)造
    huathread(T&& func, Args&&...args): thread(   forward<T>(func),    forward<Args>(args)...   )
    {


    }

    void run(const char*cmd)
    {
        system(cmd);
    }

};

void mainu5()
{
    huathread th1([]() {cout << "HHHH" << endl; });
    th1.run("calc");

    huathread th2([](int num) {cout << "HHHH" << num<<endl; }, 100 );
    th2.run("notepad");

    cin.get();
}

條件變量

#include<condition_variable>
#include<mutex>

//線程通信 結(jié)合mutex
//一個線程 多個線程處于等待,通知一個或者多個

mutex m; //線程互相排斥
condition_variable cv; //線程通信

void mainu6()
{
    thread **ppth = new thread*[10]; //開辟線程指針數(shù)組
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {

        ppth[i] = new thread([](int index) {
            unique_lock<mutex> lck(m);//鎖定
            cv.wait_for(lck,chrono::hours(1000));//一直等待
            cout << index << endl;  //打印編號

        },i); //傳遞參數(shù)

        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(100)); //錯開
    }

    //for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    //{
    //  lock_guard<mutex> lckg(m); //解鎖向?qū)?    //  //cv.notify_one(); //挨個通知
    //}

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        lock_guard<mutex> lckg(m); //解鎖向?qū)?    }
    cv.notify_all(); //通知全部


    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        ppth[i]->join();
        delete ppth[i];
    }
    delete[] ppth;

    cin.get();
}

并行計算 獲取結(jié)果

#include<future> //線程將來結(jié)果
#include<chrono> //時間
#include<mutex>

mutex g_m;

void mainu7()
{
    auto run = [=](int index) ->int
    {
        lock_guard<mutex> lckg(g_m); //加鎖
        cout << this_thread::get_id() <<"  "<< index << endl; //獲取線程id
        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(10));
        return index * 1024; //返回結(jié)果
    };

    packaged_task<int(int)> pt1(run);
    packaged_task<int(int)> pt2(run);  //創(chuàng)建兩個任務(wù)包

    thread t1([&]() {pt1(2);});
    thread t2([&]() {pt2(3);}); //開啟線程

    cout << pt1.get_future().get() << endl;
    cout << pt2.get_future().get() << endl; //獲取結(jié)果

    t1.join();
    t2.join();



    cin.get();
}

vector介紹

//vector 動態(tài)數(shù)組 無限嵌套
//增刪查改,動態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 線性表的順序存儲

void mainu8()
{
    //vector<int> myint{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
    //

    //for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++)
    //{
    //  myint.push_back(i);
    //}

    //myint.resize(5);  //動態(tài)調(diào)整大小
    //myint.resize(6,90); //vector  6個數(shù)據(jù) 緩沖90
    
    //cout << myint.front() << endl;
    //cout << myint.back() << endl;

    //cout << "============================" << endl;
    //for (auto i : myint)
    //{
    //  cout << i << endl;
    //}

    //for (size_t i = 0; i < myint.size(); i++)
    //{
    //  cout << myint[i] <<"  "<< myint.at(i) << endl;
    //}
    ////迭代器訪問 本質(zhì)就是指針
    //for (auto ib = myint.begin(), ie = myint.end();ib != ie;ib++) //順序
    //{
    //  cout << *ib << endl;
    //}
    //for (auto rb = myint.rbegin(), re = myint.rend();rb != re;rb++) //逆序
    //{
    //  cout << *rb << endl;
    //}

    vector<int> myintx{ 11,12,13,14,15 };
    vector<int> myint1{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
    //myint1.assign(7,100); //重新初始化
    auto it = myint1.begin() + 3;
    int a[5]{ 21,22,23,24,25 };

    //it = myint1.insert(it,400); //根據(jù)位置插入
    //cout << "*it:" << *it << endl;

    //it = myint1.insert(it, a, a + 5); //插入一個數(shù)組
    //it = myint1.insert(it,myintx.begin(),myintx.end()); //批量插入

    //myint1.erase(it);
    myint1.erase(myint1.begin(),myint1.begin()+3); //批量刪除 不包含最后一個
    

    vector<int> myint2{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
    vector<int> myint3{ 31,32,33,34,35 };  //堆上 不會棧溢出
    myint2.swap(myint3);

    //for (auto i : myint2)
    //{
    //  cout << i << endl;
    //}

    //for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) //內(nèi)存是連續(xù)的
    //{
    //  cout << myint2[i] << "  " << &myint2[i] << endl;

    //}

    vector<int> myint;
    int*p = myint.get_allocator().allocate(5); //獲取分配器分配內(nèi)存
    cout << myint.size() << endl << endl << endl;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
     // cout << (p[i] = i) << endl;
    }
    myint.get_allocator().deallocate(p,5); //釋放內(nèi)存


    vector<int> myintx1{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
    vector<int> myintx2{ 21,2,3,4,5 ,6,7};
    vector<int> myintx3{ 1,2,3 };

    vector< vector<int>  > myallintx{ myintx1,myintx2,myintx3 };
    for (auto i : myallintx)
    {
        for (auto j : i)
        {
            cout << j << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }


    cin.get();
}


可變參數(shù)與多線程

#include<cstdarg>

//可變參數(shù)
int go(const char*fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap; //指針
    va_start(ap, fmt); //開始
    vprintf(fmt,ap); //調(diào)用
    va_end(ap);  //結(jié)束

    return 0;
}

void mainu9()
{
    thread th(go, "%sABCD%d______%c_____%x", "12345as", 98, 'c', 256);

    cin.get();
}

并行計算結(jié)果匯總

#include<future>
#include<vector>
#include<cstdlib>

#define COUNT 5000000

int add(vector<int>*arr,int start,int count)
{
    static mutex m;//只會初始化一次
    int sum(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        sum += (*arr)[start + i];//實現(xiàn)累加
    }

    {
        //顯示結(jié)果必須  僅僅計算多余  加鎖
        lock_guard<mutex> lckg(m); //鎖定
        cout << "  thread:" << this_thread::get_id()
            << "  count=" << count
            << "  sum=" << sum << endl; //打印結(jié)果
    
    }

    return sum;
}

void mainu10()
{
    vector<int> data(COUNT); //數(shù)組

    for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++)
    {
        data[i] = (i + 1) % 1000; //0-999
    }

    vector<future<int> > result; //結(jié)果數(shù)組
    int cpus = thread::hardware_concurrency(); //CPU核心個數(shù)

    for (int i = 0; i < cpus*2; i++) //4核CPU  總共創(chuàng)建8個線程任務(wù)
    {
        //線程任務(wù)分割

        int batch_each = COUNT / (cpus * 2);
        if (i == (cpus * 2) - 1)
        {
            batch_each=COUNT- COUNT / (cpus * 2)*i; //最后一個線程 承擔多點

        }
        //不斷壓入結(jié)果
        result.push_back(  async(add, &data, i*batch_each,batch_each)  );  // 
        //async返回結(jié)果

    }

    //匯總
    int lastresult(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < cpus * 2; i++)
    {
        lastresult += result[i].get(); //匯總結(jié)果
    }

    cout << "lastresult= " << lastresult << endl;

    cin.get();
}

死鎖與解鎖

#include<mutex>
#define COUNT1 1000000

mutex g_mutex1, g_mutex2; //互斥量

void add1(int*p1,int*p2)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < COUNT1; i++)
    {
        g_mutex1.lock();
        (*p1)++;
        g_mutex1.unlock();

        g_mutex2.lock();
        (*p2)++;
        g_mutex2.unlock();
    }
}


void add2(int*p1, int*p2)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < COUNT1; i++)
    {

        g_mutex2.lock();
        (*p2)++;
        g_mutex2.unlock();

        g_mutex1.lock();
        (*p1)++;
        g_mutex1.unlock();
    }
}


//thread 引用類型函數(shù) 模板  避免類型轉(zhuǎn)換  盡量指針  少使用引用
//鎖住一個變量  盡快操作完解鎖  不要再鎖其他變量  否則互鎖
void mainu11()
{
    int a = 0;
    int b = 0;
    thread th1(add1, &a, &b);
    thread th2(add2, &a, &b);
    th1.join();
    th2.join();

    while (1)
    {
        cout << a << endl;
        cout << b << endl;
        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(3));
    }

    cin.get();
}

迅雷線程面試題與線程交換與移動

題目:

//編寫一個程序 開啟3個線程 這3個線程ID分別為A B C
//每個線程將自己ID在屏幕上打印10遍
//要求輸出結(jié)構(gòu)必須按ABC順序顯示: 如ABCABC.....以此類推

#include<condition_variable>
#include<mutex>
#include<thread>

int Loop = 10;
int flag = 0;
mutex m;
condition_variable cv;

void fun(int id)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < Loop; i++)
    {
        unique_lock<mutex> ulk(m); //設(shè)定鎖定
        while ((id-65)!=flag)
        {
            cv.wait(ulk); //不是該出現(xiàn)的場合 等著
        }
        cout << (char)id << endl;//轉(zhuǎn)換
        flag = (flag + 1) % 4;// 012 
        cv.notify_all(); //通知全部
    }

}

void mainu12()
{
    thread t1(fun,65);
    thread t2(fun, 66);
    thread t3(fun, 67);
    thread t4(fun, 68);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    t3.join();
    t4.join();

    cin.get();
}

線程交換與移動

void mainu13()
{
    //thread t1([]() {cout << "FFFFFFF" << endl;});
    //thread t2([]() {cout << "HHHHHHH" << endl;});


    //cout << "t1 id:" <<t1.get_id() << endl<<"t2 id:" << t2.get_id() << endl;
    //swap(t1,t2);
    //cout << "t1 id:" << t1.get_id() << endl << "t2 id:" << t2.get_id() << endl;

    //t1.join();
    //t2.join();

    thread t1([]() {
        int i = 0;
        while (1)
        {
            i++;
            if (i > 100000000) break;
            

        }
        cout << i << endl;
        system("pause");
    
    });

    //t1.join();
    cout << t1.get_id() << endl;

    thread t2 = move(t1);  //線程移動  t2具備t1的屬性


    cout << t1.get_id() << endl;
    cout << t2.get_id() << endl;

    t2.join();

    cin.get();
}

unique_lock與lock_guard

#include<mutex>

mutex g_mutex; //全局互斥量

#define N 1000000

void add(int*p)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        unique_lock<mutex>ulk(g_mutex);//  自動加鎖 自動解鎖  根據(jù)塊語句鎖定 
        //根據(jù)mutex屬性 是否可以加鎖

        lock_guard<mutex>lgd(g_mutex); //擁有mutex所有權(quán)  鎖定向?qū)? 自動加鎖 自動解鎖
        //讀取失敗的情況下就一直等待

        (*p)++;

    }

}

void mainu14()
{
    int a = 0;
    thread t1(add,&a);
    thread t2(add, &a);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();

    cout << a << endl;

    cin.get();
}

等待固定時間

#include<chrono>
#include<condition_variable>
#include<mutex>
#include<ctime>

condition_variable cv;
mutex m;
bool done=false;

void run()
{
    auto start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); //當前時間

    auto end =start + chrono::seconds(10);

    unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);
    while (!done)
    {
        if (cv.wait_until(lk, end) == cv_status::timeout) //超過時間
        {
            done = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    //this_thread::sleep_until(end);
    system("pause");
}

void mainu15()
{
    //thread  t1(run);

    time_t t1, t2;


    auto start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); //當前時間
    t1 = time(&t1);

    double db = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
    {
        db += i;
    }
    t2 = time(&t2);

    auto end = start + chrono::milliseconds(5000);

    cout <<(end - start).count() << endl; //精確度高
    cout << difftime(t2 , t1) << endl;  //精確度低

    //this_thread::sleep_until(end); //線程等待不用sleep_until

    cin.get();
}

生產(chǎn)者 消費者

//生產(chǎn)不允許讀取 讀取不允許生產(chǎn)

#include<vector>
#include<array>
#include<mutex>
#include<condition_variable>

mutex m;
condition_variable isfull, isempty; //處理兩種情況
bool flag = true; //標志  消費完了退出

vector<int> myint; 

void put(int num) //生產(chǎn)者
{
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);//鎖定
        while (myint.size()>=10)
        {
            isempty.wait(lk); //滿了一直等待
        }

        myint.push_back(i);//插入
        cout << "生產(chǎn)" << i << endl;
        isfull.notify_all(); //通知消費者
        
    }
    this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(5)); //休眠

    flag = false;
}

void take() //消費者
{
    while (flag)
    {
        unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);//鎖定
        while (myint.size()==0)
        {
            isfull.wait(lk); //等待
        }

        if(flag)
        {
            cout <<"消費:"<< myint[myint.size() - 1] << "  "<<this_thread::get_id() <<endl;
            myint.pop_back(); //消除
            isempty.notify_all(); //通知生產(chǎn)者
        }
    }
}


void main()
{
    vector<int> myint{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
    
    myint.pop_back(); //刪除尾部
    myint.push_back(19);

    for (auto i: myint)
    {
        cout << i << endl;
    }

    thread t1(take);
    thread t2(take);
    thread t3(take);


    put(100);

    thread s1(put,15);
    thread s2(put,10);

    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    t3.join();

    cin.get();
}

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