前言

最近公司開始有后端的項(xiàng)目，必不可免的需要針對這些后端API進(jìn)行測試。隨著測試技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，越來越多的人喜歡造輪子。面對如此多的框架該如何選型呢。

框架選型

在眾多的框架里面，耳熟能詳?shù)?，postman，RF, JMeter，rest-assured，HTTPrunner....
對于框架的選型，個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，怎么簡單怎么來吧。

1. 框架是否能較好的支持
2. 框架維護(hù)成本
3. 團(tuán)隊(duì)成員學(xué)習(xí)成本
   我的方案 Junit + Rest-Assured, 原因如下:
   *后端項(xiàng)目采用Gradle，Rest-Assured可以快速度集成，在后續(xù)的CI中較友好，統(tǒng)一的倉庫，編譯執(zhí)行命令。
   *團(tuán)隊(duì)采用Juint做UT/IT，學(xué)習(xí)成本較低。
   *現(xiàn)有的mock server client，可以使用Gradle集成
   *Rest-Assured對restful的支持友好，提供良好的斷言，given-when-then與現(xiàn)有的AC方式相似，可接受度高

開始框架集成

build.gradle添加依賴, 在這里需要注意的是版本間的兼容

dependencies {
    testImplementation('junit:junit:4.13')
    //rest-assured
    testCompile group: 'io.rest-assured', name: 'rest-assured', version: '4.1.2'
    testCompile group: 'io.rest-assured', name: 'rest-assured-all', version: '4.1.2'
    testCompile group: 'io.rest-assured', name: 'spring-mock-mvc', version: '4.1.2'
    testImplementation 'io.rest-assured:json-path:4.1.2'
    testImplementation 'io.rest-assured:json-schema-validator:4.1.2'
    testImplementation 'io.rest-assured:xml-path:4.1.2'
    //Log4J:
    testImplementation group: 'log4j', name: 'log4j', version: '1.2.17'
    //Gson:
    compile group: 'com.google.code.gson', name: 'gson', version: '2.8.5'
    //Inject
    compile group: 'com.google.inject', name: 'guice', version: '4.2.3'
    //mockingbird-client
    compile group: 'mockingbird', name: 'mockingbird-client', version: '3.1-SNAPSHOT'
    compile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: '2.6'
    api group: 'com.ringcentral', name: 'ringcentral', version: '0.6.4'
}

使用Guice作為依賴注入在junit中使用
GuiceJUnit4Runner.java

package com.ringcentral.ltibackend;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.google.inject.internal.ProviderMethodsModule;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;

public class GuiceJUnit4Runner extends BlockJUnit4ClassRunner {

    public GuiceJUnit4Runner(Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError {
        super(klass);
    }

    @Override
    public Object createTest() throws Exception {
        Object object = super.createTest();
        Module module = ProviderMethodsModule.forObject(object);
        Guice.createInjector(module).injectMembers(object);
        return object;
    }

}

在測試中聲明
*Test.java

@RunWith(GuiceJUnit4Runner.class)
public class VideoConfigTest {
 //todo
}

整體的框架結(jié)果如下:

image.png

上手寫case

1.使用mock讓內(nèi)部的第三方api返回期望的結(jié)果，通過before，after在測試前mock，結(jié)束后清理掉mock的api。

package com.*.*.core.api;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.*.*.GuiceJUnit4Runner;
import com.*.*.util.config.ApiConfig;
import com.*.*.util.config.EnvConfig;
import com.*.*.util.mock.services.MockRCServer;
import io.restassured.RestAssured;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.lessThan;

@RunWith(GuiceJUnit4Runner.class)
public class VideoConfigTest {

    private static final Long TIME_OUT = 5000L;

    @Inject
    private MockRCServer mockRCServer;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        mockRCServer.mockSucessRCToken();
        mockRCServer.mockVideoConfigurationReturnRCVideo();
    }

    @After
    public void teardown() {
        mockRCServer.getMockServer().deleteMockFor();
    }

    @Test
    public void videoConfigTestShouldBeCorrect() {
        RestAssured.useRelaxedHTTPSValidation();
        RestAssured.given().header("x-api-key", ApiConfig.API_HEADER).
                when().
                get(EnvConfig.LTI_SERVER_URL + ApiConfig.API_VIDEO_CONFIG).
                then().
                assertThat().
                statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK).
                and().assertThat().body(containsString("RCVideo")).
                and().time(lessThan(TIME_OUT));
    }

}

2.更好的斷言jsonschema，可以通過https://extendsclass.com/json-schema-validator.html生成json文件。將json文件放置在resource文件中。更多方法查看官網(wǎng)
https://rest-assured.io/

public class UserInfoTest {
    private static final Long TIME_OUT = 5000L;


    @Test
    public void userInfoTestShouldBeCorrect() {
        RestAssured.useRelaxedHTTPSValidation();
        RestAssured.given().header("x-api-key", ApiConfig.API_HEADER).
                when().
                get(EnvConfig.LTI_SERVER_URL + ApiConfig.API_USER_INFO).
                then().
                assertThat().
                statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK).
                and().time(lessThan(TIME_OUT)).
                and().assertThat().body(matchesJsonSchemaInClasspath("userInfo.json")).
                and().assertThat().body(containsString("\"brand\":\"rc\",\"extensionId\":\"2172406004\",\"meetingProvider\":\"RCVideo\""));
    }

}

更多問題歡迎探討~