• 原文：http://www.monobjc.net/xcode-project-file-format.html
• 譯者：chai2010

簡(jiǎn)介

Xcode工程文件采用的是老式風(fēng)格的plist文件（Next公司采用的格式，現(xiàn)在新的plist文件采用xml格式），它使用花括弧來(lái)組織結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù)。文件的開(kāi)頭是一個(gè)顯式的編碼信息，通常是采用utf8編碼。這意味著它不支持帶bom(Byte Ordering Mark)頭的utf8格式文件，因?yàn)樵陂_(kāi)頭的bom部分解析時(shí)就會(huì)失敗。

注意： 文檔以下的部分只是基于 *.pbxproj 文件和元素推斷的結(jié)果。本文并不是對(duì)真實(shí)的代碼做逆向的分析，因此可能有不準(zhǔn)確的地方。

唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼

文件中的每個(gè)元素均由一個(gè)96bit的唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼表示，唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼采用十六進(jìn)制書寫（對(duì)應(yīng)24個(gè)字符，每個(gè)字符對(duì)應(yīng)十六進(jìn)制的4bit）。即使是不同的文檔之間，唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼依然是唯一的（和UUID的原理類似）。

Xcode生成唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼的算法可能引入了日期、序列和其它一些預(yù)定義的值，但是并沒(méi)有確切的文檔說(shuō)明具體的生成過(guò)程。一個(gè)合理的推測(cè)，跨文檔的唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼也基本是唯一的（應(yīng)該不會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)不同元素對(duì)應(yīng)相同唯一標(biāo)識(shí)碼的情緒）。

下面的鏈接是關(guān)于CMake對(duì)Xcode的支持的討論（還有其它一些文章），或許可以提供一些信息：

• CMake Apple XCode support
• A brief look at the Xcode project format
• More on the Xcode project format
• Xcode project object UUIDs

元素

以下這些是工程文件中包含的元素類型：

• 根節(jié)點(diǎn)
• PBXBuildFile
• PBXBuildPhase
  • PBXAppleScriptBuildPhase
  • PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase
  • PBXFrameworksBuildPhase
  • PBXHeadersBuildPhase
  • PBXResourcesBuildPhase
  • PBXShellScriptBuildPhase
  • PBXSourcesBuildPhase
• PBXContainerItemProxy
• PBXFileElement
  • PBXFileReference
  • PBXGroup
  • PBXVariantGroup
• PBXTarget
  • PBXAggregateTarget
  • PBXLegacyTarget
  • PBXNativeTarget
• PBXProject
• PBXTargetDependency
• XCBuildConfiguration
• XCConfigurationList

根節(jié)點(diǎn)

根節(jié)點(diǎn)包含通用的信息。

例子:

// !$*UTF8*$!
{
    archiveVersion = 1;
    classes = {
    };
    objectVersion = 45;
    objects = {

    ...

    };
    rootObject = 0867D690FE84028FC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
}

PBXAggregateTarget

不同構(gòu)建目標(biāo)的集合（含依賴關(guān)系）。

例子:

4DA521A6115A00AF007C19C3 /* documentation */ = {
    isa = PBXAggregateTarget;
    buildConfigurationList = 4DA521AE115A00ED007C19C3 /* Build configuration list for PBXAggregateTarget "documentation" */;
    buildPhases = (
        4DA521A5115A00AF007C19C3 /* ShellScript */,
    );
    dependencies = (
        4DA521AA115A00BC007C19C3 /* PBXTargetDependency */,
    );
    name = documentation;
    productName = documentation;
};

PBXBuildFile

文件元素，被PBXBuildPhase等作為文件包含或被引用的資源。

例子:

4D05CA6B1193055000125045 /* xxx.c in Sources */ = {
    isa = PBXBuildFile;
    fileRef = 4D05CA411193055000125045 /* xxx.c */;
};

PBXBuildPhase

一個(gè)抽象的構(gòu)建階段，最終需有對(duì)應(yīng)到具體化的構(gòu)建對(duì)象。

PBXContainerItemProxy

目標(biāo)對(duì)象的容器。

例子:

4D22DC0C1167C992007AF714 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
    isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
    containerPortal = 08FB7793FE84155DC02AAC07 /* Project object */;
    proxyType = 1;
    remoteGlobalIDString = 87293EBF1153C114007AFD45;
    remoteInfo = xxx;
};

PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase

構(gòu)建階段復(fù)制文件信息。

例子:

MISSING

PBXFileElement

抽象類型，對(duì)應(yīng)具體化的文件和group組元素。

PBXFileReference

用于跟蹤項(xiàng)目引用的每一個(gè)外部文件，比如源代碼文件、資源文件、庫(kù)文件、生成目標(biāo)文件等。

例子:

87293F901153D870007AFD45 /* monobjc.mm */ = {
    isa = PBXFileReference; 
    fileEncoding = 4; 
    lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.objcpp; 
    name = monobjc.mm; 
    path = sources/monobjc.mm; 
    sourceTree = "";
};

PBXFrameworksBuildPhase

用于framewrok構(gòu)建的鏈接階段。

例子:

4D05CA2C119304BD00125045 /* Frameworks */ = {
    isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
    buildActionMask = 2147483647;
    files = (
    );
    runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXGroup

用于打組文件，或者嵌套組。

例子:

4DA521A2115A003E007C19C3 /* scripts */ = {
    isa = PBXGroup;
    children = (
    4D22DBAF116742DE007AF714 /* fix_references.sh */,
    4DA521A1115A0032007C19C3 /* generate_descriptors.sh */,
    );
    name = scripts;
    sourceTree = "";
};

PBXHeadersBuildPhase

用于framewrok構(gòu)建的鏈接階段。

例子:

87293EBC1153C114007AFD45 /* Headers */ = {
    isa = PBXHeadersBuildPhase;
    buildActionMask = 2147483647;
    files = (
    );
    runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXLegacyTarget

MISSING

PBXNativeTarget

對(duì)應(yīng)生成可執(zhí)行的二進(jìn)制程序或庫(kù)文件的本地構(gòu)建目標(biāo)對(duì)象。

例子:

8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX */ = {
    isa = PBXNativeTarget;
    buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4A08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "XXX" */;
    buildPhases = (
        8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */,
        8D11072C0486CEB800E47090 /* Sources */,
        8D11072E0486CEB800E47090 /* Frameworks */,
    );
    buildRules = (
    );
    dependencies = (
    );
    name = XXX;
    productInstallPath = "$(HOME)/Applications";
    productName = TrackIt;
    productReference = 8D1107320486CEB800E47090 /* XXX.app */;
    productType = "com.apple.product-type.application";
};

PBXProject

工程，對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)建可執(zhí)行的二進(jìn)制目標(biāo)程序或庫(kù)。

例子:

29B97313FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* Project object */ = {
        isa = PBXProject;
        buildConfigurationList = C01FCF4E08A954540054247B /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "XXX" */;
        compatibilityVersion = "Xcode 2.4";
        developmentRegion = English;
        hasScannedForEncodings = 1;
        knownRegions = (
                English,
                Japanese,
                French,
                German,
                en,
        );
        mainGroup = 29B97314FDCFA39411CA2CEA /* XXX*/;
        projectDirPath = "";
        projectRoot = "";
        targets = (
             8D1107260486CEB800E47090 /* XXX*/,
        );
};

PBXResourcesBuildPhase

構(gòu)建階段需要復(fù)制的資源文件。

例子:

8D1107290486CEB800E47090 /* Resources */ = {
        isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                535C1E1B10AB6B6300F50231 /* ReadMe.txt in Resources */,
                533B968312721D05005E617D /* Credits.rtf in Resources */,
                533B968412721D05005E617D /* InfoPlist.strings in Resources */,
                533B968512721D05005E617D /* MainMenu.nib in Resources */,
                533B968612721D05005E617D /* TableEdit.nib in Resources */,
                533B968712721D05005E617D /* TestWindow.nib in Resources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXShellScriptBuildPhase

用于構(gòu)建階段復(fù)制資源文件的shell腳本。

例子:

4D22DBAE11674009007AF714 /* ShellScript */ = {
        isa = PBXShellScriptBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
        );
        inputPaths = (
        );
        outputPaths = (
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
        shellPath = /bin/sh;
        shellScript = "./fix_references.sh";
};

PBXSourcesBuildPhase

構(gòu)建階段中編譯源文件。

例子:

4DF8B22D1171CFBF0081C1DD /* Sources */ = {
        isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
        buildActionMask = 2147483647;
        files = (
                4DF8B23E1171D0310081C1DD /* test.mm in Sources */,
        );
        runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
};

PBXTarget

抽象對(duì)象，對(duì)應(yīng)具體化的構(gòu)建目標(biāo)。

PBXTargetDependency

目標(biāo)的外部依賴管理。

例子:

4D22DC0D1167C992007AF714 /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
        isa = PBXTargetDependency;
        target = 87293EBF1153C114007AFD45 /* libXXX */;
        targetProxy = 4D22DC0C1167C992007AF714 /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
};

PBXVariantGroup

對(duì)不同地區(qū)資源文件的引用管理。

例子:

870C88031338A77600A69309 /* MainMenu.xib */ = {
        isa = PBXVariantGroup;
        children = (
                870C88041338A77600A69309 /* en */,
        );
        name = MainMenu.xib;
        sourceTree = "";
};

XCBuildConfiguration

構(gòu)建配置元素。

例子:

870C88151338ABB600A69309 /* Debug */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Debug;
};
870C88161338ABB600A69309 /* Release */ = {
        isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
        buildSettings = {
                PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
        };
        name = Release;
};

XCConfigurationList

構(gòu)建配置相關(guān)元素的列表。

例子:

870C87E41338A77600A69309 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "CocoaApp" */ = {
        isa = XCConfigurationList;
        buildConfigurations = (
                870C88061338A77600A69309 /* Debug */,
                870C88071338A77600A69309 /* Release */,
        );
        defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
        defaultConfigurationName = Release;
};