前言
runtime是OC成為面向?qū)ο蟮幕A(chǔ),了解runtime的基礎(chǔ)用法對(duì)理解OC非常必要。大量的開(kāi)源庫(kù),如MJExtension,就是使用運(yùn)行時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)獲取類(lèi)的屬性并實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)賦值。熟悉runtime的方法也是看開(kāi)源庫(kù)的基礎(chǔ)之一。
一、OC方法篇
OC對(duì)象的方法調(diào)用是利用selector尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的imp指針進(jìn)行調(diào)用。
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)诖a中理解原理。
定義三個(gè)函數(shù),該方法名為imp指針
void testFunc1(id self, SEL _cmd) {
NSLog(@"實(shí)現(xiàn)testFunc1");
}
void testFunc2(id self, SEL _cmd) {
NSLog(@"實(shí)現(xiàn)testFunc2");
}
void testFunc3(id self, SEL _cmd) {
NSLog(@"實(shí)現(xiàn)testFunc3");
}
添加實(shí)例方法
// 添加imp到sel,該方法返回一個(gè)bool值,成功為YES
BOOL isAddInstanceMethodFormImpSuccess = class_addMethod(class, sel_registerName("instanceMethod"), (IMP)testFunc1, "v@:");
if (isAddInstanceMethodFormImpSuccess) {
NSLog(@"添加imp方法成功");
}
添加類(lèi)方法
BOOL isAddClassMethodFormImpSuccess = class_addMethod(object_getClass(class), sel_registerName("classMethod"), (IMP)testFunc3, "v@:");
if (isAddClassMethodFormImpSuccess) {
NSLog(@"添加imp方法成功");
}
取得blcok的imp指針
IMP impOfBlock = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj, NSString *string,...){
NSLog(@"調(diào)用者:%@\nstring:%@", obj, string);
});
```
添加impOfBlock到sel
BOOL isAddMethodFormImpOfBlockSuccess = class_addMethod(class, sel_registerName("instanceMethodImpOfBlock:"), impOfBlock, "v@:@");
if (isAddMethodFormImpOfBlockSuccess) {
NSLog(@"添加impOfBlock方法成功");
}
```
添加方法后,由于這是運(yùn)行時(shí)添加的,我們不能像平時(shí)那樣調(diào)用,要用使用performSelector系列方法進(jìn)行調(diào)用
[object performSelector:@selector(instanceMethod)];
[object performSelector:@selector(instanceMethodImpOfBlock:) withObject:@"我要調(diào)用Block"];
[(id)class performSelector:@selector(classMethod)];
使用UIView作為測(cè)試類(lèi),該viewController的view作為測(cè)試對(duì)象,該結(jié)果為
2016-08-29 00:20:52.404 RuntimeDemo[3515:1637694] 實(shí)現(xiàn)testFunc1
2016-08-29 00:20:52.404 RuntimeDemo[3515:1637694] 調(diào)用者:<UIView: 0x7ffbdbb04f80; frame = (0 0; 414 736); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x7ffbdbb03580>>
string:我要調(diào)用Block
2016-08-29 00:20:52.405 RuntimeDemo[3515:1637694] 實(shí)現(xiàn)testFunc3
##二,成員變量與屬性篇
由于在OC在只有在類(lèi)的創(chuàng)建期間才能添加ivar,但是我們啟動(dòng)app時(shí),類(lèi)都創(chuàng)建好了,無(wú)法添加,所以我在在運(yùn)行期間自己創(chuàng)建一個(gè)類(lèi)
根據(jù)名字取得類(lèi)
Class testClass = objc_getClass("MLView");
if (!testClass) {
//動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建類(lèi)
testClass = objc_allocateClassPair([UIView class], "MLView", 0);
}
添加ivar
BOOL isAddIvarSuccess = class_addIvar(class, "_runtimeString", sizeof(NSString *), log(sizeof(NSString *)), "@"NSString"");
if (isAddIvarSuccess) {
NSLog(@"添加ivar成功");
}
添加property
objc_property_attribute_t type = { "T", "@\"NSString\"" };
objc_property_attribute_t backingivar = { "V", "_runtimeString" };
objc_property_attribute_t attrs[] = {type, backingivar};
BOOL isAddPropertySuccess = class_addProperty(class, "runtimeString", attrs, sizeof(attrs)/sizeof(objc_property_attribute_t));
if (isAddPropertySuccess) {
NSLog(@"添加property成功");
}
注冊(cè)類(lèi)名,并將viewController的view的class設(shè)置為運(yùn)態(tài)創(chuàng)建的類(lèi)(實(shí)踐上不建議這樣做,不易檢查錯(cuò)誤,如要添加屬性可以變相用關(guān)聯(lián)添加,下文用介紹如何在分類(lèi)添加屬性)
objc_registerClassPair(testClass);
//使用view作為 測(cè)試對(duì)象
id testObject =self.view;
//設(shè)置testObject的類(lèi),就可以使用動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建的ivar
object_setClass(testObject, testClass);
添加完變量,成功了一半,現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始測(cè)試是否添加成功就要進(jìn)行賦值操作
獲取ivar并賦值
Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable(class, "_runtimeString");
object_setIvar(object, ivar, @"addIvar測(cè)試字符串");
NSLog(@"addIvar的值:%@", object_getIvar(object, ivar));
獲取property并賦值
objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(class, "runtimeString");
const char *propertyAttr = property_getAttributes(property);
NSLog(@"addProperty的細(xì)節(jié):%s", propertyAttr);
[object setValue:@"addProperty測(cè)試字符串" forKey:@"_runtimeString"];
NSLog(@"addProperty的值:%@", [object valueForKey:@"_runtimeString"]);
運(yùn)行后得到的結(jié)果為
2016-08-29 00:34:15.870 RuntimeDemo[8155:1663698] addIvar的值:addIvar測(cè)試字符串
2016-08-29 00:34:15.870 RuntimeDemo[8155:1663698] addProperty的細(xì)節(jié):T@"NSString",V_runtimeString
2016-08-29 00:34:18.211 RuntimeDemo[8155:1663698] addProperty的值:addProperty測(cè)試字符串
##三、運(yùn)行時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單封裝
####1、在分類(lèi)中添加屬性
現(xiàn)在我要在給NSObject分類(lèi)里添加一個(gè)對(duì)象
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *featureIdentifier;
然后重寫(xiě)setter和getter方法,并用關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制
- (void)setFeatureIdentifier:(NSString *)featureIdentifier
{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(featureIdentifier), featureIdentifier, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
} - (NSString *)featureIdentifier
{
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, @selector(featureIdentifier));
}
####2、獲取該類(lèi)的ivar列表
-
(NSArray *)arrayOfIvars
{
unsigned int count = 0;
Ivar *ivar = class_copyIvarList(self, &count);
NSMutableArray *ivarNameArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
Ivar iva = ivar[i];
const char *name = ivar_getName(iva);
NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
[ivarNameArray addObject:strName];}
free(ivar);
return ivarNameArray;
}
####3、取得該類(lèi)屬性列表
-
(NSArray *)arrayOfProperties
{
unsigned int count = 0;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self, &count);NSMutableArray *propertyNameArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
const char *name = property_getName(property);
NSString *strName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
[propertyNameArray addObject:strName];}
free(properties);
return propertyNameArray;
}
####4、取得該類(lèi)實(shí)例方法列表
-
(NSArray *)arrayOfInstanceMethods
{
unsigned int count = 0;
Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(self, &count);
NSMutableArray *methods = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];for (NSInteger i = 0; i < count; i++) {
SEL selector = method_getName(methodList[i]);
NSString *selString = NSStringFromSelector(selector);
[methods addObject:selString];
}free(methodList);
return methods;
}
####5、取得該類(lèi)方法方法列表
unsigned int count = 0;
Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(object_getClass(self), &count);
NSMutableArray *methods = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < count; i++) {
SEL selector = method_getName(methodList[i]);
NSString *methodString = NSStringFromSelector(selector);
[methods addObject:methodString];
}
free(methodList);
return methods;
####6、取得該類(lèi)遵循協(xié)議列表
-
(NSArray *)arrayOfProtocols{
unsigned int count = 0;
Protocol * __unsafe_unretained *protocols = class_copyProtocolList(self, &count);
NSMutableArray *protocolArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
[protocolArray addObject:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:protocol_getName(protocols[i])]];}
free(protocols);
return protocolArray;
}
####7、取得該工程所有類(lèi)的列表
-
(NSArray *)arrayOfAllClass {
NSMutableArray * classList = [NSMutableArray array];unsigned int classesCount = 0;
Class * classes = objc_copyClassList(&classesCount);
for ( int i = 0; i < classesCount; ++i) {
NSString *className = NSStringFromClass(classes[i]);
[classList addObject:className];
}
free(classes);
return classList;
}
####8、取得該對(duì)象中有值的的property字典
- (NSDictionary *)dictionaryOfPropertyKeyValues
{
NSArray *properties = [[self class] arrayOfProperties];
NSMutableDictionary *keyValueDictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < properties.count; i++) {
if ([self valueForKey:properties[i]]) {
[keyValueDictionary setObject:[self valueForKey:properties[i]] forKey:properties[i]];
}
}
return keyValueDictionary;
}
[此處應(yīng)該有demo][https://github.com/luomagaoshou/MLRuntimeDemo]