TED | Do Schools Kill Creativity?-1 | Break "Hierarchy of Subjects"
TED | 學校是否扼殺了創(chuàng)新力？-1 | 打破學科等級制度
每天堅持半小時，2017一起進步。
1）GRE/TOEFL/IELTS寫作題目引出話題；
2）賞析TED精彩段落，中英對照、高亮表達；
3）總結破題思路，提供寫作參考范文段落；
TOEFL—Writing
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Younger school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history. (2009-05-30 NA)
五到十歲的孩子除了學習數(shù)學、語言、科技和歷史之外，是否應該學習藝術和音樂？
TOEFL—Speaking
Your friend is studying in a business school now, but he likes playing musical instrument. Which suggestion would you give to your friend? To keep studying business, or to learn to play music?
(2013-03-08 NA)
正在攻讀商科的朋友非常喜歡樂器，你建議他繼續(xù)學習商科還是開始學習音樂？
IELTS—Writing
Schools should concentrate on teaching students the academic subjects that will be useful for their future careers. Subjects such as music and sports are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2010-05-8 A)
學校應該教授一些能為協(xié)助學生們未來就業(yè)的專業(yè)科目，有人認為音樂和體育沒有價值，你同意嗎？
GRE—Writing
In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
為了追求全面發(fā)展，所有的大學學生都應該學習詩歌、小說、神話以及其他類型的想象類型文學作品，你同意嗎？
這些來自各種考試類型的寫作、口語題目，都向我們拋出了同一個主題：
我們應該如何設計教育課程體系？
藝術、音樂、文學以及體育這些非剛需學科的價值究竟在哪里？
為了追求高分、學業(yè)成功，甚至為了節(jié)省時間、精力，我們是否應該放棄這些學科？
與以往過于功利和現(xiàn)實的思路不同，Ken Robinson在他的TED演講中非常嚴肅地討論了這個主題，他認為：
When people travel around the world, something strikes you: every education system on earth has the same?hierarchy of subjects. On the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts.
And in pretty much every system too, there’s a hierarchy within the arts. Art and music?are?normally?given a higher status?in schools than drama and dance. There isn’t an education system on the planet that teaches dance everyday the way they teach mathematics.
Why? I think math is very important, so is dance.
環(huán)視全世界，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個令人驚訝的情況：地球上每一個教育體系都有同樣的“學科等級制度”。數(shù)學和語言在這個金字塔的頂端，人文類學科居后，藝術類學科墊底。
而在每一個藝術類學科內(nèi)部，也有一個“等級制度”。藝術和音樂比戲劇和舞蹈的地位更高。全世界任何一個教育體系中，沒有老師會像每天教孩子們數(shù)學那樣教孩子們學跳舞。
為什么會這樣呢？我覺得數(shù)學很重要，但是舞蹈也同樣不可忽視。
What’s for, public education? I think you’d have to conclude, if you look at the?output—who really succeeds by this, who does everything they should, who get all the brownie points, who are the winners—I think you’d have to conclude the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors. They are the people who come on to the top. But we shouldn’t hold them up as the?high-water mark?of all human achievement. That’s just a form of life.
公共教育的目的究竟是什么？我們得承認，如果只看結果的話——哪些人能獲得成功，能充分被挖掘潛能，能取得高分，能成為最終的勝利者——那么我們的結論是：全世界教育的目的其實是為了培養(yǎng)大學教授，好像只有他們才是生物鏈頂端的存在。但是，我們絕對不應該把這些大學教授當成人類成就的標桿。他們也只是很多種生活方式中的一種而已。
Truthfully, what happens is as children grow up, we start to educate them?progressively from the waist up. And then we focus on their heads and more often than not slightly to one side.
事實上，在孩子長大的過程中，我們開始對他們腰部以上進行教育，更關注他們腦部的發(fā)展。而且，往往更強調(diào)半個大腦的開發(fā)。
是的，我們需要一個全面的教育體系。輕視和放棄藝術、音樂、體育競技這些非剛需的學科意味著我們局限了未來發(fā)展的方向、剝奪了對未來生活方式的選擇權利。
感興趣的話，請嘗試翻譯以下段落。
無論是五到十歲的小孩子，還是已經(jīng)成年的大學生，都應該在學校學習藝術、音樂和體育。換句話說，我們應該打破傳統(tǒng)的“學科等級制度”，把這些看似不夠具有現(xiàn)實意義的學科提升到它們應得的位置。
因為，教育的目的不僅僅是為了培養(yǎng)象牙塔中的學者們，他們固然扮演者推動社會進步的重要角色。教育的成果還包括其他行業(yè)的人們——音樂家，畫家，運動員，他們同樣值得我們尊重。我們絕對不應該把這些大學教授當成人類成就的標桿。他們也只是很多種生活方式中的一種而已。當教育體系剝奪了藝術、音樂、體育的學習機會，相當于扼殺了孩子們做出開發(fā)愛好的機會和選擇生活方式的權利。
Art, music and sports should be?a compulsory part of?education for both younger school children aged five to ten and mature college students. That is to say, we shouldput an end to?conventional "hierarchy of subjects", which?puts more emphasis on?math and language than arts and music. Educators need to?elevate?these seemingly useless subjects?to a higher position?that they richly deserved.
The purpose of education lies in not only nurturing professors in the ivory tower, though no doubt they?are entitled as?the driving force behind the social progress. Education also aims at cultivating active and passionate participants involved in other fields, such as musicians and painters worth acknowledgement and respect. We shouldn’t?hold?professors?up?as the high-water mark of all human achievement. That’s just a form of life, in the midst of a variety. The truth is when?deprived of?the chance to get in touch with art and music, accordingly children?are robbed from?the opportunity to?explore their potential?as well as the right to choose their own way of living.
