在看到這篇文章時(shí),希望你已經(jīng)閱讀過(guò)OkHttp對(duì)Interceptor的正式介紹,地址在這里,同時(shí),你還可以知道okhttp-logging-interceptor這個(gè)輔助庫(kù),當(dāng)然如果你沒(méi)有閱讀過(guò)也并無(wú)大礙,這篇文章重在描述使用場(chǎng)景和個(gè)人心得;
在去年網(wǎng)上討論最多的就是OkHttp和Volley的比較,我當(dāng)時(shí)決定把項(xiàng)目中的Volley換成OkHttp2,是因?yàn)樵谌蹙W(wǎng)環(huán)境下測(cè)試,OkHttp比較堅(jiān)強(qiáng),所以就用它了,并不是對(duì)Square的情懷;在一年多的使用中,不論是從2.x版本升到3.x,OkHttp絕對(duì)是最好用的庫(kù),特別是加之Retrofit,如虎添翼;
這篇文章是講Interceptor的使用心得,這就根據(jù)我所用,總結(jié)出這么幾點(diǎn):
- Log輸出
- 增加公共請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
- 修改請(qǐng)求頭
- 加密請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
- 服務(wù)器端錯(cuò)誤碼處理(時(shí)間戳異常為例)
這幾點(diǎn)絕不是全面,但至少是目前很多開發(fā)者或多或少都會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題,Log輸出是必須有的,公共參數(shù)這是必須有的,請(qǐng)求頭加密和參數(shù)加密,這個(gè)不一定都有;重點(diǎn)是服務(wù)端錯(cuò)誤碼處理,這個(gè)放在哪里處理,見仁見智,但是有些比較惡心的錯(cuò)誤,比如時(shí)間戳異常(請(qǐng)求任何一個(gè)服務(wù)器接口時(shí)必須攜帶時(shí)間戳參數(shù),服務(wù)器專門有提供時(shí)間戳的接口,這個(gè)時(shí)間戳要和服務(wù)器時(shí)間戳同步,容錯(cuò)在5秒,否則就返回時(shí)間戳錯(cuò)誤),比如客戶端修改系統(tǒng)時(shí)間時(shí)這一刻又?jǐn)嗑W(wǎng)了,監(jiān)聽時(shí)間變化也沒(méi)用,又不可能定時(shí)去獲取,所以何時(shí)需要同步,去請(qǐng)求這個(gè)接口成了問(wèn)題,我處理的方案是在Interceptor中過(guò)濾結(jié)果,當(dāng)某個(gè)接口返回時(shí)間戳異常時(shí),不把結(jié)果往上返,再執(zhí)行一次時(shí)間戳接口,如果獲取成功,傳入?yún)?shù)并重構(gòu)之前的請(qǐng)求,如果獲取失敗,把之前時(shí)間戳異常的接果返回。
說(shuō)了這幾條,其實(shí)具體實(shí)現(xiàn)要回歸到Interceptor這個(gè)類
我們要實(shí)現(xiàn):
- 解析出來(lái)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
- 對(duì)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行重構(gòu)
- 解析出Response結(jié)果
- 重構(gòu)Response
首先,Log輸出可以直接使用官方的https://github.com/square/okhttp/tree/master/okhttp-logging-interceptor,
這只有一個(gè)類,我這篇文章解析Response的核心代碼其實(shí)是參考了這個(gè)庫(kù);
我們自己來(lái)做,第一步,就要實(shí)現(xiàn)Interceptor接口,重寫Response intercept(Chain chain)方法
@Overridepublic Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
request = handlerRequest(request);
if (request == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Request返回值不能為空");
}
Response response = handlerRespose(chain.proceed(request), chain);
if (response==null){
throw new RuntimeException("Response返回值不能為空");
}
return response;}
如何解析出請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
/**
* 解析請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> parseParams(Request request) {
//GET POST DELETE PUT PATCH
String method = request.method();
Map<String, String> params = null;
if ("GET".equals(method)) {
params = doGet(request);
} else if ("POST".equals(method) || "PUT".equals(method) || "DELETE".equals(method) || "PATCH".equals(method)) {
RequestBody body = request.body();
if (body != null && body instanceof FormBody) {
params = doForm(request);
}
}
return params;
}
/**
* 獲取get方式的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
* @param request
* @return
*/
private static Map<String, String> doGet(Request request) {
Map<String, String> params = null;
HttpUrl url = request.url();
Set<String> strings = url.queryParameterNames();
if (strings != null) {
Iterator<String> iterator = strings.iterator();
params = new HashMap<>();
int i = 0;
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String name = iterator.next();
String value = url.queryParameterValue(i);
params.put(name, value);
i++;
}
}
return params;
}
/**
* 獲取表單的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
* @param request
* @return
*/
private static Map<String, String> doForm(Request request) {
Map<String, String> params = null;
FormBody body = null;
try {
body = (FormBody) request.body();
} catch (ClassCastException c) {
}
if (body != null) {
int size = body.size();
if (size > 0) {
params = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
params.put(body.name(i), body.value(i));
}
}
}
return params;
}
}
解析參數(shù)就是判斷請(qǐng)求類型,get類型是從url解析參數(shù),其他類型是從FormBody取,可以上傳文件的表單請(qǐng)求暫時(shí)沒(méi)有考慮進(jìn)來(lái);
重構(gòu)Request增加公共參數(shù)
@Override
public Request handlerRequest(Request request) {
Map<String, String> params = parseParams(Request);
if (params == null) {
params = new HashMap<>();
}
//這里為公共的參數(shù)
params.put("common", "value");
params.put("timeToken", String.valueOf(TimeToken.TIME_TOKEN));
String method = request.method();
if ("GET".equals(method)) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(customRequest.noQueryUrl);
sb.append("?").append(UrlUtil.map2QueryStr(params));
return request.newBuilder().url(sb.toString()).build();
} else if ("POST".equals(method) || "PUT".equals(method) || "DELETE".equals(method) || "PATCH".equals(method)) {
if (request.body() instanceof FormBody) {
FormBody.Builder bodyBuilder = new FormBody.Builder();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> entryIterator = params.entrySet().iterator();
while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
String key = entryIterator.next().getKey();
String value = entryIterator.next().getValue();
bodyBuilder.add(key, value);
}
return request.newBuilder().method(method, bodyBuilder.build()).build();
}
}
return request;
}
關(guān)于重構(gòu)Request就是調(diào)用request.newBuilder()方法,該方法會(huì)把當(dāng)前Request對(duì)象所以屬性住一個(gè)copy,構(gòu)建出新的Builder對(duì)象
重寫請(qǐng)求頭 (拿的官方示例來(lái)做講解)
/** This interceptor compresses the HTTP request body. Many webservers can't handle this! */
final class GzipRequestInterceptor implements Interceptor {
@Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request originalRequest = chain.request();
//如果請(qǐng)求頭不為空,直接proceed
if (originalRequest.body() == null || originalRequest.header("Content-Encoding") != null) {
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
//否則,重構(gòu)request
Request compressedRequest = originalRequest.newBuilder()
.header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
.method(originalRequest.method(), gzip(originalRequest.body()))
.build();
return chain.proceed(compressedRequest);
}
private RequestBody gzip(final RequestBody body) {
return new RequestBody() {
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return body.contentType();
}
@Override public long contentLength() {
return -1; // We don't know the compressed length in advance!
}
@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));
body.writeTo(gzipSink);
gzipSink.close();
}
};
}
}
上面示例是對(duì)原始的request內(nèi)容進(jìn)行處理,貌似是對(duì)請(qǐng)求體進(jìn)行g(shù)zip處理,這個(gè)一般是在響應(yīng)頭中的聲明,請(qǐng)求頭一般聲明"Accept-Encoding"。
對(duì)Response進(jìn)行解析
@Override
public Response handlerResponse(DFBRestInterceptor.CustomResponse customResponse) {
// 鑰匙鏈對(duì)象chain
Interceptor.Chain chain = customResponse.chain;
//真正的Response對(duì)象
Response response = customResponse.response;
//該請(qǐng)求的request對(duì)象
Request request = chain.request();
//獲取Response結(jié)果
String string = readResponseStr(response);
JSONObject jsonObject;
try {
jsonObject = new JSONObject(string);
//這個(gè)code就是服務(wù)器返回的錯(cuò)誤碼,假設(shè)300是時(shí)間戳異常
int code = jsonObject.optInt("code");
if (code == 300) {
//構(gòu)造時(shí)間戳Request
Request time = new Request.Builder().url("http://192.168.1.125:8080/getServerTime").build();
//請(qǐng)求時(shí)間戳接口
Response timeResponse = chain.proceed(time);
//解析時(shí)間戳結(jié)果
String timeResStr = readResponseStr(timeResponse);
JSONObject timeObject = new JSONObject(timeResStr);
long date = timeObject.optLong("date");
TimeToken.TIME_TOKEN = date;
時(shí)間戳賦值,
if (date > 0) {
//重構(gòu)Request請(qǐng)求
request = handlerRequest(CustomRequest.create(request));
//拿新的結(jié)果進(jìn)行返回
response = chain.proceed(request);
}
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return response;
}
/**
* 讀取Response返回String內(nèi)容
* @param response
* @return
*/
private String readResponseStr(Response response) {
ResponseBody body = response.body();
BufferedSource source = body.source();
try {
source.request(Long.MAX_VALUE);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
if (contentType != null) {
charset = contentType.charset(charset);
}
String s = null;
Buffer buffer = source.buffer();
if (isPlaintext(buffer)) {
s = buffer.clone().readString(charset);
}
return s;
}
static boolean isPlaintext(Buffer buffer) {
try {
Buffer prefix = new Buffer();
long byteCount = buffer.size() < 64 ? buffer.size() : 64;
buffer.copyTo(prefix, 0, byteCount);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (prefix.exhausted()) {
break;
}
int codePoint = prefix.readUtf8CodePoint();
if (Character.isISOControl(codePoint) && !Character.isWhitespace(codePoint)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
} catch (EOFException e) {
return false; // Truncated UTF-8 sequence.
}
}
/**
* 自定義Response對(duì)象,裝載Chain和Response
*/
public static class CustomResponse {
public Response response;
public Chain chain;
public CustomResponse(Response response, Chain chain) {
this.response = response;
this.chain = chain;
}
}
解析Response過(guò)程是對(duì)Reponse對(duì)象的操作,這里用的是Okio中的Source進(jìn)行讀取,參考的okhttp-logging-interceptor代碼中的寫法,在獲取Reponse對(duì)象是,切不可直接操作response.body().bytes()或者 response.body().string(),數(shù)據(jù)只能讀取一次,等著真正調(diào)用的時(shí)候, response.body().string()返回為null,這個(gè)問(wèn)題描述在這里
解決時(shí)間戳的問(wèn)題,其實(shí)就是解析出結(jié)果中的錯(cuò)誤碼==300時(shí)(300是和服務(wù)器約定),構(gòu)造出請(qǐng)求時(shí)間戳的Request,拿當(dāng)前的Chain執(zhí)行它就可以了,返回正確的時(shí)間戳之后,就可以拿正確的參數(shù)重構(gòu)Request,然后Chain執(zhí)行就Ok了。
結(jié)束語(yǔ):這些都是我自己使用的體會(huì),沒(méi)用Interceptor之前,我是把公共參數(shù)和加密放在網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求之前處理,時(shí)間戳的處理,目前是用RxJava的map操作來(lái)處理,但是我覺(jué)得用Interceptor實(shí)現(xiàn)是最簡(jiǎn)潔的,準(zhǔn)備下一步把它挪到Interceptor里,目前已知的缺點(diǎn)就是和OkHttp依賴太深,如果你的項(xiàng)目中已經(jīng)集成OkHttp,機(jī)智的你可以動(dòng)手試一試。