Listening
Bus Schedule

Here is a bus schedule at a bus stop.

It has the schedule for 3 buses between 8:00 and 9:30 in the morning.

Bus No.38 has a regular schedule.

?regular 英-['regj?l?]美-['r?gj?l?]
釋義 n. 常客；正式隊(duì)員；中堅(jiān)分子
adj. 定期的；有規(guī)律的；

It comes every 15 minutes.

8:10, 8:25, 8:40, 8:55, 9:10, 9:25.

Bus No.47 comes less often.

It comes at 8:20, 8:45 and 9:25.

Bus No.60 is the earliest bus.

It comes at 8:05, 8:30 and 9:00.

Bus No.38 has stops at the main train station and the airport.

Bus No.60 stops at the main train station, but doesn't go to the airport.

Bus No.47 doesn't go to either the main train station or the airport.

Earth & Seasons

This is our planet, Earth.

?planet? 英-['pl?n?t]美-['pl?n?t]
釋義 n. 行星

It has the shape of a sphere, like a ball.

?sphere 英-[sf??]美-[sf?r]
釋義 n. 范圍；球體

The equator divides the Earth into two halves.?

? equator：英-[?'kwe?t?]美-[?'kwet?]
釋義 n. 赤道赤道
?halves 英-[hɑ?vz]美-[h?vz]
釋義 n. 一學(xué)期；兩等份（half的復(fù)數(shù)形式）

The northern half is the northern hemisphere.?

? hemisphere：半球 美-['h?m?sf?r]

The southern half is the southern hemisphere.

Europe and Asia are both in the northern hemisphere.

Australia and a third of Africa are in the southern hemisphere.

?africa 英-['?fr?k?]美-[??fr?k?]
釋義 n. 非洲

The Earth moves in two ways.

First, it spins, or rotates.?

spins：自旋

rotates使旋轉(zhuǎn)

It rotates around its axis.? ? ? ?

? axis：軸

The axis is a line through its center.

It takes the Earth 24 hours to complete a rotation.

That is the length of one day.

Second, the Earth travels around the Sun.

It takes about 365 days for the Earth to go around the Sun.

That is the length of one year.

Its average speed during the year is about 30 kilometers per second.

The Earth's axis is not perpendicular to the Sun.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? perpendicular：垂直

The Earth's axis is tilted.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

tilt：斜

It is tilted at an angle of around 23.5 degrees.

This tilt causes the seasons of the year.

?cause原因

During part of the year, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun.

When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, it's summer.

When the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it's winter.

This is why the seasons are opposite for the northern and southern hemispheres.

When it's summer in Australia, it's winter in Europe.

What would happen if the Earth's tilt were different than it is now?

If the Earth's tilt were larger, summers would be hotter.

If the Earth's tilt were smaller, summers would be cooler.

If the Earth had no tilt at all, there would be no seasons.

Therefore the angle of the tilt is very important for life in the Earth.

?Therefore因此，所以

The Earth is 93 million miles from the Sun.

The Sun is at the center of our solar system.

?solar system.太陽系

Our solar system has several planets which orbit around it.

?orbit軌道

Our planet is the 3rd planet from the Sun.

If the Earth were closer to the Sun, our planet would be hotter.

If the Earth were farther from the Sun, our planet would be colder.

Therefore the distance between the Earth and the Sun is very important.

Vocabulary
Seasons

Winter is the coldest time of the year.

Winter nights are long and the days are short.

Summer is the hottest time of the year.

Summer nights are short and the days are long.

Spring comes after winter and before summer.

Spring is when trees turn green.

Autumn, or fall, comes after summer and before winter.

Autumn is when trees turn many colors and leaves fall to the ground.

Some countries have a rainy season.

In rainy season it rains almost every day.

Health Problems

This boy has a broken leg.

He can't walk without crutches.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

crutch：拐杖 美-['kr?t?iz]
釋義 n. 拐杖，支撐物；叉狀架（crutch復(fù)數(shù)）
網(wǎng)絡(luò)：雙拐,拐杖,叉狀架

This girl has a sore throat.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

sore：疼痛的? 美-[s?r]
釋義
n. 潰瘍，痛處；恨事，傷心事
adj. 疼痛的，

?throat 美-[θrot]
釋義
n. 喉嚨；嗓子

She doesn't feel good because her throat hurts.

This girl is vomiting.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? vomit：嘔吐

vomiting
英-['v?miti?]美-['vɑm?t]
釋義
v. 嘔吐（vomit的ing形式）
網(wǎng)絡(luò)
嘔吐,消化道反應(yīng),嘔吐更易暴露疾病

She ate something bad so she is throwing up.

?throwing up
釋義
嘔吐

This boy has a fever.

?fever
英-['fi?v?]美-['fiv?]
釋義
n. 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱；狂熱

His temperature is 39.5 degrees Celsius.? ? ? ? ? ?

Celsius：攝氏度? 英-['sels??s]美-['s?ls??s]

This girl has a headache.

?headache
英-['hede?k]美-[?h?d?ek]
釋義
n. 頭痛；麻煩；令人頭痛之事

She doesn't feel good because her head aches.

He broke his leg in a skiing accident.

?skiing
英-['ski???]美-['ski??]
釋義
n. 滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)；滑雪術(shù)
v. 滑雪（ski的ing形式）

She has a pain in the back of her head.

?pain
英-[pe?n]美-[pen]
釋義
n. 疼痛；努力
vt. 使…痛苦；使…煩惱
vi. 感到疼痛；引起疼痛

?back
英-[b?k]美-[b?k]
釋義
n. 后面；背部；靠背；足球等的后衛(wèi)；書報(bào)等的末尾
adj. 后面的；過去的；拖欠的
vt. 支持；后退；背書；下賭注
adv. 以前；向后地；來回地；上溯；回來；回原處

he needs to drink plenty of liquids

Dialogue
Favorite Seasons

Tom：I really hate this cold winter weather.

Lisa：Really? I don't mind it. It's not so bad.

Tom：First, it's really cold. Second, I don't like the short days and the long nights. It's always dark.

Lisa：Sure, but it will be over soon. Spring is coming and warmer weather.

Tom：Yes, and longer days.

Lisa：What about summers? Do you like hot weather?

Tom：I don't like summer weather too.

Lisa：Is it too hot for you?

Tom：Yes, it's too hot. Every day is hot and humid. So I always feel tired and thirsty.

?humid
英-['hju?m?d]美-['hjum?d]
釋義
adj. 潮濕的；濕潤的；多濕氣的

?thirsty
英-['θ??st?]美-['θ?sti]
釋義
adj. 口渴的，口干的；渴望的，熱望的

Lisa：Yeah, me too. I take a shower twice a day.

Lisa：So which is worse, summer or winter?

Tom：Good question. I guess I prefer winter. What about you?

Lisa：Well, I prefer winter too. I don't mind the long nights.

Lisa：Of course the best seasons are spring and autumn.

Tom：Which of those do you prefer?

Lisa：Within those two, I prefer autumn.

Tom：Why do you prefer autumn?

Lisa：I love it when the leaves turn different colors.

Tom：I agree with you. I guess autumn is my favorite season too.

Lisa：I was surprised, Tom. I thought you would prefer spring.

Tom：Why is that?

Lisa：Everything is young and new in spring, right?

Tom：Well, maybe I'll change my mind.

Bus Schedule

M：Excuse me, when is the next bus?

W：To where?

M：To the train station.

W：Let's look at the bus schedule.

M：Which bus goes to the train station?

W：Buses 38 and 60 both go to the train station.

M：It's 8:59 now. So I just missed the number 38.

W：Right. It came a few minutes ago. The next bus to the train station comes at 9:00.

M：Yes, I hope it isn't late. The traffic is heavy.

W：Oh, look, the number 60 is coming now, right on schedule.

M：Great, thanks for your help.

W：You're welcome. Have a good day.

M：You too.