在使用英語動詞時，要注意區(qū)別延時性動詞和終止性動詞以及這兩類動詞的不同的習(xí)慣用法。
中文也有延時性動詞和終止性動詞的概念，只是在使用時，不像英語，會造成理解上的問題。
不注意英語的這個習(xí)慣用法，就會在中英對譯時出錯：
例（1）
——你遲到了?；疖囈呀?jīng)開走了半個小時。
誤譯：You are late. The train has left for half an hour.
正譯：You are late. The train has been away for half an hour.
正譯：You are late. The train left half an hour ago.
例（2）
——He has written two books since he was ill.
誤譯：他自生病以來，已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。
正譯：他病好后，已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。
1. 延續(xù)性動詞要點
（1）延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動詞作
如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
（2）延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。
如：for 2 years / since引導(dǎo)的從句 / since last year / since 5 days ago / how long / for a long time等。
例句:
——He has lived here for 6 years.
——You can keep the book for 5 days.
——I stayed there for 2 weeks last year
——How long did you stay there last year?
2. 非延續(xù)性動詞要點
（1） 非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞, 表示不能延續(xù)的動作, 這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:
open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, find等。
（2） 非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示具體時間點的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock
例:
——He died 5 years ago.
（3） 非延續(xù)動詞不能和表示時間段的狀語連用：
例：He has come here for two hours. (錯句)
注意：
終止性動詞的否定形式可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例:
——I haven't left here for 3 years.
——I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
3. 延時性動詞和終止性動詞在until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的用法：
(1) 主句謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，主句用否定句：
例：
——I didn’t realize the importance of English until I worked for a trade company.
(2) 主句謂語動詞是延時動詞時，主句用肯定句：
例：
——I will be free until 4 pm.
4. 延時性動詞和終止性動詞在since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的用法：
（1）連詞since引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句,如果從句后的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞,那么謂語動詞表示的時間從該動作完成或結(jié)束算起; 雖然句子形式上是肯定句，但翻譯時，意思否定。
例：
——That was really a splendid evening. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much. (我已多年沒有玩得如此開心。)
——It has been a long time since I studied English. (我不學(xué)英語已經(jīng)好久了。)
——He has written two books since he was ill. (他不生病后—-即他病好后已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。)
（2）如果從句后的謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞,那么謂語動詞表示的時間從該動作發(fā)生后算起。
例：
——It’s two years since he left his hometown. （他離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)兩年了。 ）
——It has been a long time since I saw you last. (上次見你后已經(jīng)過了好久)
練習(xí)：
When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
—–How long _____ you _____ ill ? —–Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
—– How long can I ______ the book? —— Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
Key:
1—5 D C A B B;
6—10 C A AB C;
11—15 B C C C B;
16—20 C A C D D
