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Angular2是Google下一代MV*框架，用于構(gòu)建復(fù)雜瀏覽器應(yīng)用。Angular2給WEB或移動(dòng)Apps帶來(lái)了一攬子解決方案，從模板渲染到數(shù)據(jù)綁定，從Http服務(wù)到表單處理等等，總之，你想要的，Angular2基本上都已封裝好了。
　　萬(wàn)事始于Hello World，不論Angular2怎么牛，咱們先得把官方的例子跑起來(lái)再說(shuō)。這里使用基于webpack創(chuàng)建Angular應(yīng)用。

環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
　　node v5.x.x
　　npm v3.x.x
step1：創(chuàng)建并配置本項(xiàng)目
創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目目錄：

mkdir angular2Demo
cd angular2Demo

創(chuàng)建配置文件
典型的 Angular 項(xiàng)目需要一系列配置文件
package.json 用來(lái)標(biāo)記出本項(xiàng)目所需的 npm 依賴(lài)包。
tsconfig.json 定義了 TypeScript 編譯器如何從項(xiàng)目源文件生成 JavaScript 代碼。
typings.json 為那些 TypeScript 編譯器無(wú)法識(shí)別的庫(kù)提供了額外的定義文件。
webpack.config.js為構(gòu)建Angular應(yīng)用所進(jìn)行的一系列webpack配置。

package.json

{
  "name": "angular2demo",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Angular 2 demo.",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --port 8080",
    "test": "karma start",
    "build": "rimraf dist && webpack --config config/webpack.prod.js --progress --profile --bail",
    "postinstall": "typings install"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/compiler": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/core": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/forms": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/http": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/router": "3.0.0",
    "core-js": "^2.4.1",
    "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12",
    "zone.js": "^0.6.23"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "angular2-template-loader": "^0.4.0",
    "awesome-typescript-loader": "^2.2.4",
    "css-loader": "^0.23.1",
    "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^1.0.1",
    "file-loader": "^0.8.5",
    "html-loader": "^0.4.3",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^2.15.0",
    "jasmine-core": "^2.4.1",
    "karma": "^1.2.0",
    "karma-jasmine": "^1.0.2",
    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
    "karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
    "karma-webpack": "^1.8.0",
    "null-loader": "^0.1.1",
    "phantomjs-prebuilt": "^2.1.7",
    "raw-loader": "^0.5.1",
    "rimraf": "^2.5.2",
    "style-loader": "^0.13.1",
    "typescript": "^2.0.2",
    "typings": "^1.3.2",
    "webpack": "^1.13.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^1.14.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^0.14.0"
  },
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/HalZhan/angular2Demo.git"
  },
  "author": "halzhan",
  "license": "MIT",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/HalZhan/angular2Demo/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/HalZhan/angular2Demo#readme"
}

tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "removeComments": false,
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true
  }
}

typings.json

{
  "globalDependencies": {
    "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759",
    "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255",
    "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046"
  }
}

webpack.config.js

module.exports = require('./config/webpack.dev.js'); // 待補(bǔ)充

karma.conf.js

module.exports = require('./config/karma.conf.js'); // 待補(bǔ)充

下面我們繼續(xù)完善配置文件。
公共配置
　　我們可以為開(kāi)發(fā)、產(chǎn)品和測(cè)試環(huán)境定義分別各自的配置文件。但三者總會(huì)有一些公共配置。于是我們把那些公共的配置收集到一個(gè)名叫 webpack.common.js 的獨(dú)立文件中。

config/webpack.common.js

var webpack = require('webpack');
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
var helpers = require('./helpers');

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    'polyfills': './src/polyfills.ts', // 運(yùn)行Angular時(shí)所需的一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)js
    'vendor': './src/vendor.ts', // Angular、Lodash、bootstrap.css......
    'app': './src/main.ts' // 應(yīng)用代碼
  },

  resolve: {
    extensions: ['', '.js', '.ts'] // 加載的文件類(lèi)型(明確的擴(kuò)展名、.js、.ts)
  },

  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.ts$/,
        loaders: ['awesome-typescript-loader',
                  'angular2-template-loader' // 用于加載 Angular 組件的模板和樣式
        ]
      }, // ts - 將typescript代碼轉(zhuǎn)譯成es5的加載器，由tsconfig.json文件指導(dǎo)
      {
        test: /\.html$/,
        loader: 'html' // 為組件模板準(zhǔn)備的加載器
      },
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|ico)$/,
        loader: 'file?name=assets/[name].[hash].[ext]' // 圖片和字體文件也能被打包
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        exclude: helpers.root('src', 'app'),
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract('style', 'css?sourceMap')
      }, // 模式匹配應(yīng)用級(jí)樣式
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        include: helpers.root('src', 'app'),
        loader: 'raw'
      } // 模式匹配組件局部樣式 ( 在組件元數(shù)據(jù)的 styleUrls 屬性中指定的那些 ) 
    ]
  },

  plugins: [
    new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
      name: ['app', 'vendor', 'polyfills']
    }), // 提取公共代碼

    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: 'src/index.html'
    }) // 自動(dòng)向目標(biāo).html文件注入script和link標(biāo)簽
  ]
};

config/helpers.js

var path = require('path');
var _root = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
function root(args) {
  args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);
  return path.join.apply(path, [_root].concat(args));
}
exports.root = root;

開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境配置
config/webpack.dev.js

var webpackMerge = require('webpack-merge');
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
var commonConfig = require('./webpack.common.js');
var helpers = require('./helpers');

module.exports = webpackMerge(commonConfig, {
  devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',

  output: {
    path: helpers.root('dist'),
    publicPath: 'http://localhost:8080/',
    filename: '[name].js',
    chunkFilename: '[id].chunk.js'
  },

  plugins: [
    new ExtractTextPlugin('[name].css')
  ],

  devServer: {
    historyApiFallback: true,
    stats: 'minimal'
  }
});

產(chǎn)品環(huán)境配置
config/webpack.prod.js

var webpack = require('webpack');
var webpackMerge = require('webpack-merge');
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
var commonConfig = require('./webpack.common.js');
var helpers = require('./helpers');

const ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV = process.env.ENV = 'production';

module.exports = webpackMerge(commonConfig, {
  devtool: 'source-map',

  output: {
    path: helpers.root('dist'),
    publicPath: '/',
    filename: '[name].[hash].js',
    chunkFilename: '[id].[hash].chunk.js'
  },

  htmlLoader: {
    minimize: false // workaround for ng2
  },

  plugins: [
    new webpack.NoErrorsPlugin(), //  如果出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤，就終止構(gòu)建
    new webpack.optimize.DedupePlugin(), // 檢測(cè)完全相同 ( 以及幾乎完全相同 ) 的文件，并把它們從輸出中移除
    new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({ // https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/10618
                                          // 最小化 (minify) 生成的包
      mangle: {
        keep_fnames: true
      }
    }),
    new ExtractTextPlugin('[name].[hash].css'), // 把內(nèi)嵌的 css 抽取成外部文件，并為其文件名添加“緩存無(wú)效哈?！?    new webpack.DefinePlugin({ // 用來(lái)定義環(huán)境變量，以便我們?cè)谧约旱某绦蛑幸盟?      'process.env': {
        'ENV': JSON.stringify(ENV)
      }
    })
  ]
});

(可選)測(cè)試環(huán)境配置
config/webpack.test.js

var helpers = require('./helpers');

module.exports = {
  devtool: 'inline-source-map',

  resolve: {
    extensions: ['', '.ts', '.js']
  },

  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.ts$/,
        loaders: ['awesome-typescript-loader', 'angular2-template-loader']
      },
      {
        test: /\.html$/,
        loader: 'html'

      },
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|ico)$/,
        loader: 'null'
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        exclude: helpers.root('src', 'app'),
        loader: 'null'
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        include: helpers.root('src', 'app'),
        loader: 'raw'
      }
    ]
  }
}

(可選)Karma單元測(cè)試配置
config/karma.conf.js

var webpackConfig = require('./webpack.test');

module.exports = function (config) {
  var _config = {
    basePath: '',

    frameworks: ['jasmine'],

    files: [
      {pattern: './config/karma-test-shim.js', watched: false}
    ],

    preprocessors: {
      './config/karma-test-shim.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']
    },

    webpack: webpackConfig,

    webpackMiddleware: {
      stats: 'errors-only'
    },

    webpackServer: {
      noInfo: true
    },

    reporters: ['progress'],
    port: 9876,
    colors: true,
    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
    autoWatch: false,
    browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
    singleRun: true
  };

  config.set(_config);
};

config/karma-test-shim.js
　　告訴 Karma 哪些文件需要預(yù)加載，首要的是：帶有“測(cè)試版提供商”的 Angular 測(cè)試框架是每個(gè)應(yīng)用都希望預(yù)加載的。

Error.stackTraceLimit = Infinity;

require('core-js/es6');
require('core-js/es7/reflect');

require('zone.js/dist/zone');
require('zone.js/dist/long-stack-trace-zone');
require('zone.js/dist/proxy');
require('zone.js/dist/sync-test');
require('zone.js/dist/jasmine-patch');
require('zone.js/dist/async-test');
require('zone.js/dist/fake-async-test');

var appContext = require.context('../src', true, /\.spec\.ts/);

appContext.keys().forEach(appContext);

var testing = require('@angular/core/testing');
var browser = require('@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing');

testing.TestBed.initTestEnvironment(browser.BrowserDynamicTestingModule, browser.platformBrowserDynamicTesting());

step2：編寫(xiě)源碼
src/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="/">
    <title>Angular With Webpack</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  </head>
  <body>
    <my-app>Loading...</my-app>
  </body>
</html>

src/main.ts

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
import { AppModule } from './app/app.module';
if (process.env.ENV === 'production') {
  enableProdMode();
}
platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

public/css/styles.css

body {
    background: #0147A7;
    color: #fff;
}

src/app/app.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import '../../public/css/styles.css';
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent { }

src/app/app.component.html
這里需要用到Angular Logo，下載后放入"public/images/"目錄下。

<main>
  <h1>Hello from Angular App with Webpack</h1>
  <img src="../../public/images/angular.png">
</main>

src/app/app.component.css

main {
  padding: 1em;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 50px;
  display: block;
}

(用于單元測(cè)試，可選)src/app/app.component.spec.ts

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
describe('App', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ declarations: [AppComponent]});
  });
  it ('should work', () => {
    let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AppComponent);
    expect(fixture.componentInstance instanceof AppComponent).toBe(true, 'should create AppComponent');
  });
});

src/app/app.module.ts

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule }  from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule
  ],
  declarations: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  bootstrap: [ AppComponent ]
})
export class AppModule { }

src/vendor.ts

// Angular
import '@angular/platform-browser';
import '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import '@angular/core';
import '@angular/common';
import '@angular/http';
import '@angular/router';
// RxJS
import 'rxjs';
// Other vendors for example jQuery, Lodash or Bootstrap
// You can import js, ts, css, sass, ...

src/polyfills.ts

import 'core-js/es6';
import 'core-js/es7/reflect';
require('zone.js/dist/zone');
if (process.env.ENV === 'production') {
  // Production
} else {
  // Development
  Error['stackTraceLimit'] = Infinity;
  require('zone.js/dist/long-stack-trace-zone');
}

step3：編譯運(yùn)行

在項(xiàng)目根目錄下，執(zhí)行

webpack --progress --colors

(--progress --colors是為了查看進(jìn)度，可以不用加)

全局安裝webpack-dev-server

npm install -g webpack-dev-server --verbose

(--verbose可以顯示安裝詳細(xì)信息，可以不用加上)

啟動(dòng)webpack server

webpack-dev-server --content-base dist/

(設(shè)置靜態(tài)文件訪問(wèn)路徑)

step4：查看結(jié)果
訪問(wèn)localhost:8080，如果一切順利，我們能夠看到最終的結(jié)果：

angular2-start.png

Bingo !

樣例源碼已托管至github，如有興趣可自行clone

git clone https://github.com/HalZhan/angular2Demo.git

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Angular2初探

Angular2初探

(設(shè)置靜態(tài)文件訪問(wèn)路徑)

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

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Angular2初探

(設(shè)置靜態(tài)文件訪問(wèn)路徑)

相關(guān)閱讀更多精彩內(nèi)容

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

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