Database technologies:

Simple file file system:

Pros:

• Fast for simple applications

Cons:

• Can be extremely slow for complex application
• Not reliable
• The optimization is dependent on the application
• Hard to maintain (concurrency)

Relational database systems:

Pros:

• Application independent optimization
• Well suited to many applications related to commerce domain
• Satisfy ACID properties

Cons:

• Not supporting big data well
• Can be slow for some simple applications

Object Oriented (OO) Database Systems

Pros:

• Well suited for applications requiring complex data
• Objects don't require assembly and disassembly saving coding time and execution time to assemble or disassemble objects.
• Better concurrency control (a hierarchy of objects may be locked)

Cons:

• Lower efficiency when data is simple and relationships are simple.
• Late binding may slow access speed
• More user tools exist for RDBMS

Deductive database systems (DDBS)

it is a database system that can make deductions (i.e., conclude additional facts) based on rules and facts stored in the (deductive) database.

Expressive level: Deductive database system > relational system

Cons:

• There are no commercially available systems like RDBMS
• Many applications do not require the expressive power of these system

Key-value pair based database system

Pros:

• Used for building fast ,highly parallel processing of large data
• MapReduce and Hadoop are examples

Cons:

• Many applications do not require the expressive functionality of transaction processing
• Atomic updates at key-value pair level only