在進(jìn)入正文前，我想把所有java可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的定時任務(wù)介紹一下，其實(shí)這個也是底層實(shí)現(xiàn)思路。

本教程大概目錄：

1. 線程等待實(shí)現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)
2. 用Timer實(shí)現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)
3. 用ScheduledExecutorService實(shí)現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)
4. Quartz 定時任務(wù)框架單機(jī)應(yīng)用
5. spingboot2 整合 Scheduled
6. spingboot2 整合 Quartz框架持久化定時任務(wù)

1. 線程等待實(shí)現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)

package com.fantj.myScheduled;

/**
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("假設(shè)我是個定時任務(wù)");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000 * 10);   //線程休息十秒
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

大家看代碼也能看出來，如果任務(wù)復(fù)雜時，是相當(dāng)?shù)穆闊疫€存在內(nèi)存泄露風(fēng)險，而且是一發(fā)不可收拾（不可控）。

下面看一個相對簡單的。

2. Timer

package com.fantj.myScheduled;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

/**
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("TimerTask is called!");
            }
        };

        Timer timer = new Timer();
        /*
         *  參數(shù)：1、任務(wù)體    2、延時時間（可以指定執(zhí)行日期）3、任務(wù)執(zhí)行間隔時間
         */
        timer.schedule(task, 0, 1000 * 3);
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 1000 * 3);
    }
}

注意上面timer調(diào)用的兩個方法：
1、schedule，如果第一次執(zhí)行被延時，隨后的任務(wù)執(zhí)行時間將以上一次任務(wù)實(shí)際執(zhí)行完成的時間為準(zhǔn)
2、scheduleAtFixedRate，如果第一次執(zhí)行被延時，隨后的任務(wù)執(zhí)行時間將以上一次任務(wù)開始執(zhí)行的時間為準(zhǔn)（需考慮同步）

如果讓我粗俗的講，第一個是等任務(wù)進(jìn)行完了才開始計時，第二個是任務(wù)開始運(yùn)行的時候就計時。

那我們稍微瞄一眼 Timer底層實(shí)現(xiàn)

public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period) {
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, firstTime.getTime(), -period);
    }

然后看看TimerTask類

public abstract class TimerTask implements Runnable {
      public abstract void run();
    ...
}

大概也能看出來，也是線程實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Timer也有缺點(diǎn)：

多線程并行處理定時任務(wù)時，Timer運(yùn)行多個TimeTask時，只要其中之一沒有捕獲拋出的異常，其它任務(wù)便會自動終止運(yùn)行，使用ScheduledExecutorService則沒有這個問題。

3. 那我們就來研究ScheduledExecutorService

package com.fantj.myScheduled;

/**
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("ScheduledExecutorService Task is called!");
            }
        };
        ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
        // 參數(shù)：1、任務(wù)體 2、首次執(zhí)行的延時時間
        //      3、任務(wù)執(zhí)行間隔 4、間隔時間單位
        service.scheduleAtFixedRate(runnable, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

這個。。就不多說實(shí)現(xiàn)原理了Executors線程池都出現(xiàn)了。

Quartz 定時任務(wù)框架

為什么會有定時任務(wù)框架呢，大家仔細(xì)觀察前面的實(shí)現(xiàn)案例，沒有一個定時任務(wù)是可控的，這對開發(fā)者來說特別不友好。Quartz就比較nb了，我?guī)Т蠹疑晕⒖纯此囊徊糠址椒ǎ?br> 我先大概介紹下Quartz工作原理，JobDetail是寫定時任務(wù)邏輯，Trigger是一個觸發(fā)器，用來定義cron和執(zhí)行次數(shù)等。

    String getSchedulerName() throws SchedulerException;

    String getSchedulerInstanceId() throws SchedulerException;

    SchedulerContext getContext() throws SchedulerException;

    void start() throws SchedulerException;

    void startDelayed(int var1) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean isStarted() throws SchedulerException;

    void standby() throws SchedulerException;

    boolean isInStandbyMode() throws SchedulerException;

    void shutdown() throws SchedulerException;

    void shutdown(boolean var1) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean isShutdown() throws SchedulerException;

    SchedulerMetaData getMetaData() throws SchedulerException;

    List<JobExecutionContext> getCurrentlyExecutingJobs() throws SchedulerException;

    void setJobFactory(JobFactory var1) throws SchedulerException;

    ListenerManager getListenerManager() throws SchedulerException;

    Date scheduleJob(JobDetail var1, Trigger var2) throws SchedulerException;

    Date scheduleJob(Trigger var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void scheduleJobs(Map<JobDetail, Set<? extends Trigger>> var1, boolean var2) throws SchedulerException;

    void scheduleJob(JobDetail var1, Set<? extends Trigger> var2, boolean var3) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean unscheduleJob(TriggerKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean unscheduleJobs(List<TriggerKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    Date rescheduleJob(TriggerKey var1, Trigger var2) throws SchedulerException;

    void addJob(JobDetail var1, boolean var2) throws SchedulerException;

    void addJob(JobDetail var1, boolean var2, boolean var3) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean deleteJob(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean deleteJobs(List<JobKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void triggerJob(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void triggerJob(JobKey var1, JobDataMap var2) throws SchedulerException;

    void pauseJob(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void pauseJobs(GroupMatcher<JobKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void pauseTrigger(TriggerKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void pauseTriggers(GroupMatcher<TriggerKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void resumeJob(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void resumeJobs(GroupMatcher<JobKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void resumeTrigger(TriggerKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void resumeTriggers(GroupMatcher<TriggerKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void pauseAll() throws SchedulerException;

    void resumeAll() throws SchedulerException;

    List<String> getJobGroupNames() throws SchedulerException;

    Set<JobKey> getJobKeys(GroupMatcher<JobKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    List<? extends Trigger> getTriggersOfJob(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    List<String> getTriggerGroupNames() throws SchedulerException;

    Set<TriggerKey> getTriggerKeys(GroupMatcher<TriggerKey> var1) throws SchedulerException;

    Set<String> getPausedTriggerGroups() throws SchedulerException;

    JobDetail getJobDetail(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    TriggerState getTriggerState(TriggerKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    void resetTriggerFromErrorState(TriggerKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

    boolean interrupt(String var1) throws UnableToInterruptJobException;

    boolean checkExists(JobKey var1) throws SchedulerException;

可以看到，基本上對定時任務(wù)的控制可以說是很全了。包括增刪改查等。
下面是個實(shí)例，當(dāng)然，你需要下載必要的依賴jar，這個可以自行百度下載一下，不做重點(diǎn)解釋。

package com.fantj.myScheduled;

/**
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.start();

            JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(Job.class)
                    .withIdentity("job", "group").build();

            // 休眠時長可指定時間單位，此處使用秒作為單位（withIntervalInSeconds）
            SimpleTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                    .withIdentity("trigger", "group").startNow()
                    .withSchedule(simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(3).repeatForever())
                    .build();

            scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);

            // scheduler.shutdown();

        } catch (SchedulerException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

    class Job implements org.quartz.Job {
        @Override
        public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
            System.out.println("Quartz task is called!");
        }
}

spingboot2 整合 Scheduled

SpringBoot內(nèi)置了定時任務(wù)Scheduled，操作可謂特別簡單。
正常引入spring-boot-starter-web依賴包即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Scheduled 第一步

再啟動類上添加注解@EnableScheduling

package com.fantj;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.fantj.mapper")
@EnableScheduling  //啟動定時任務(wù)
public class MybatisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MybatisApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Scheduled 第二步

寫Task。即定時任務(wù)。

package com.fantj.myScheduled;

/**
 * scheduled 定時任務(wù)類
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
@Component
public class Task {


    @Scheduled(cron = "5 0 0 * * ?")
    public void scheduledTask1(){
        System.out.println("scheduledTask method run..");
    }

    @Scheduled(initialDelay =  1000 * 10,fixedDelay = 1000 * 5)
    public void scheduledTask2(){
        System.out.println("scheduledTask method run..");
    }

    @Scheduled(initialDelay =  1000 * 10,fixedDelay = 1000 * 5)
    public void test() throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0;i<20;i++){
            new MailSender()
                    .title("FantJ給你發(fā)送的郵件")
                    .content("嘻嘻")
                    .contentType(MailContentTypeEnum.TEXT)
                    .targets(new ArrayList<String>(){{
                        add("xxxxxx@qq.com");
                    }})
                    .send();
            System.out.println("第"+i+"次發(fā)送成功!");
        }
    }
}

第三個方法是我寫的發(fā)郵件的一個接口?？梢詤⒖嘉业囊黄恼?a href="http://www.itdecent.cn/p/f66553af9a04" target="_blank">Java 發(fā)送qq郵件

我介紹下@Scheduled注解的三（四）個屬性：

• cron： 懂點(diǎn)linux的都知道，沒聽說過的可以自己百度一下，不難。

• fixedRate和fixedDelay: 這和Timer的兩個方法（rate和delay）很相似，如果讓我粗俗的講，第一個是任務(wù)開始運(yùn)行的時候就計時，第二個是等任務(wù)進(jìn)行完了才開始計時。

• initialDelay：該屬性的作用是 設(shè)置第一次執(zhí)行延遲時間 。需要配合fixedDelay、fixedRate、crom來使用。

新問題的思考

雖然上面的方式一直在改進(jìn)，但是試想一種情況，如果正在執(zhí)行定時任務(wù)的服務(wù)器掛掉，那該如何去尋找它之前執(zhí)行了多少次呢。如果我們把定時任務(wù)持久化到數(shù)據(jù)庫，像維護(hù)普通邏輯數(shù)據(jù)那樣維護(hù)任務(wù)，就會避免項(xiàng)目中遇到的種種的特殊情況。

spingboot2 整合 Quartz框架持久化定時任務(wù)

提前聲明啊，很麻煩，因?yàn)樾枰尤雐oc管理（有部分注釋，可嘗試看懂），還需要創(chuàng)建quartz需要讓我們創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)表。
之后就像玩單機(jī)（見上文：Quartz 定時任務(wù)框架單機(jī)應(yīng)用）一樣，玩quartz了。

1. 導(dǎo)入依賴

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        </dependency>

提示，本項(xiàng)目是基于springboot2整合mybatic項(xiàng)目下：http://www.itdecent.cn/p/c15094bd1965

2. Quartz 注入Spring IOC配置

QuartzConfiguration.java

package com.fantj.quartz;

/**
 * quartz定時任務(wù)配置
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
public class QuartzConfiguration
{
    /**
     * 繼承org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory
     * 實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)實(shí)例化方式
     */
    public static class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory implements
            ApplicationContextAware {

        private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;

        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {
            beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
        }

        /**
         * 將job實(shí)例交給spring ioc托管
         * 我們在job實(shí)例實(shí)現(xiàn)類內(nèi)可以直接使用spring注入的調(diào)用被spring ioc管理的實(shí)例
         * @param bundle
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Override
        protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception {
            final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
            /**
             * 將job實(shí)例交付給spring ioc
             */
            beanFactory.autowireBean(job);
            return job;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 配置任務(wù)工廠實(shí)例
     * @param applicationContext spring上下文實(shí)例
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public JobFactory jobFactory(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
    {
        /**
         * 采用自定義任務(wù)工廠 整合spring實(shí)例來完成構(gòu)建任務(wù)
         * see {@link AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory}
         */
        AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory jobFactory = new AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory();
        jobFactory.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
        return jobFactory;
    }

    /**
     * 配置任務(wù)調(diào)度器
     * 使用項(xiàng)目數(shù)據(jù)源作為quartz數(shù)據(jù)源
     * @param jobFactory 自定義配置任務(wù)工廠
     * @param dataSource 數(shù)據(jù)源實(shí)例
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Bean(destroyMethod = "destroy",autowire = Autowire.NO)
    public SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean(JobFactory jobFactory, DataSource dataSource) throws Exception
    {
        SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
        //將spring管理job自定義工廠交由調(diào)度器維護(hù)
        schedulerFactoryBean.setJobFactory(jobFactory);
        //設(shè)置覆蓋已存在的任務(wù)
        schedulerFactoryBean.setOverwriteExistingJobs(true);
        //項(xiàng)目啟動完成后，等待2秒后開始執(zhí)行調(diào)度器初始化
        schedulerFactoryBean.setStartupDelay(2);
        //設(shè)置調(diào)度器自動運(yùn)行
        schedulerFactoryBean.setAutoStartup(true);
        //設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)源，使用與項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)源
        schedulerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        //設(shè)置上下文spring bean name
        schedulerFactoryBean.setApplicationContextSchedulerContextKey("applicationContext");
        //設(shè)置配置文件位置
        schedulerFactoryBean.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource("/quartz.properties"));
        return schedulerFactoryBean;
    }
}

看代碼倒數(shù)第二行，需要一個配置文件，那么...

quartz.properties配置

#調(diào)度器實(shí)例名稱
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = quartzScheduler

#調(diào)度器實(shí)例編號自動生成
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO

#持久化方式配置
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX

#持久化方式配置數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動，MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate

#quartz相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)表前綴名
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_

#開啟分布式部署
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
#配置是否使用
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties = false

#分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)有效性檢查時間間隔，單位：毫秒
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 20000

#線程池實(shí)現(xiàn)類
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool

#執(zhí)行最大并發(fā)線程數(shù)量
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10

#線程優(yōu)先級
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 5

#配置為守護(hù)線程，設(shè)置后任務(wù)將不會執(zhí)行
#org.quartz.threadPool.makeThreadsDaemons=true

#配置是否啟動自動加載數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)的定時任務(wù)，默認(rèn)true
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread = true

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表

說出來你可能不信，它需要十一個數(shù)據(jù)表的支持。

#  
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set   
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate  
#  
#  
# By: Ron Cordell - roncordell  
#  I didn't see this anywhere, so I thought I'd post it here. This is the script from Quartz to create the tables in a MySQL database, modified to use INNODB instead of MYISAM.  
  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;  
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,  
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,  
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,  
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,  
IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,  
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,  
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,  
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,  
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,  
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,  
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,  
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,  
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,  
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,  
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,  
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),  
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)  
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,  
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,  
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),  
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)  
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),  
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)  
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS  
  (            
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
    STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,  
    STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,  
    STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,  
    INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,  
    INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,  
    LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,  
    LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,  
    DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,  
    DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,  
    BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,  
    BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,  
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),  
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)   
    REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),  
INDEX (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),  
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)  
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,  
SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,  
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,  
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,  
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,  
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,  
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,  
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,  
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,  
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS (  
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,  
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,  
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME))  
ENGINE=InnoDB;  
  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_J_REQ_RECOVERY ON QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_J_GRP ON QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_J ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_JG ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_C ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_G ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_N_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_N_G_STATE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NEXT_FIRE_TIME ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_MISFIRE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE_GRP ON QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);  
  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_TRIG_INST_NAME ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_INST_JOB_REQ_RCVRY ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_J_G ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_JG ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_T_G ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
CREATE INDEX IDX_QRTZ_FT_TG ON QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);  
  
commit;   

好了，開始寫定時任務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)

首先我們需要自定義一個Job的子類來寫JobDetail

package com.fantj.quartz.notSpringFrame;

/**
 * quartz增刪改查方法
 */
public class MyJob implements Job {

    public MyJob(){}
    @Override
    //把要執(zhí)行的操作，寫在execute方法中
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException
    {
        DateFormat df=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS");
        System.out.println("測試Quartz"+ df.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()));
    }
}

其次，我在這里演示 如何再 ServiceImpl 里注入并使用 定時任務(wù)。

package com.fantj.service.impl;

/**
 * Created by Fant.J.
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    // 注入任務(wù)調(diào)度器
  @Autowired
  private Scheduler scheduler;

//    測試quartz 框架 定時任務(wù)
    public void sendMail() throws Exception {
        //設(shè)置開始時間為1分鐘后
        long startAtTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000 * 60;
        //任務(wù)名稱
        String name = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        //任務(wù)所屬分組
        String group = MyJob.class.getName();
        //創(chuàng)建任務(wù)
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(MyJob.class).withIdentity(name,group).build();
        //創(chuàng)建任務(wù)觸發(fā)器
        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(name,group).startAt(new Date(startAtTime)).build();
        //將觸發(fā)器與任務(wù)綁定到調(diào)度器內(nèi)
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
    }
}

還是像在單機(jī)下玩quartz一樣，需要傳入兩個對象（一個JobDetail，一個Trigger）任務(wù)詳情和觸發(fā)器。不懂的翻上文有做詳細(xì)介紹。好了 此時我們啟動項(xiàng)目，就可以看到控制臺打印，并且數(shù)據(jù)庫里quar_等表也自動填入了定時任務(wù)的信息。

我們大概只是完成了quartz的持久化，上文我們說過，quartz的亮點(diǎn)主要再對定時任務(wù)的可控性，那么如果需要再后臺管理頁面上完成 增刪改查 定時任務(wù)。我推薦一個博客給大家，寫的很好http://blog.csdn.net/u012907049/article/details/73801122

也謝謝這位作者。

最后謝謝大家，這篇文章挺長了。

介紹下我的所有文集：

流行框架

SpringCloud
springboot
nginx
redis

底層實(shí)現(xiàn)原理：

Java NIO教程
Java reflection 反射詳解
Java并發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)筆錄
Java Servlet教程
jdbc組件詳解
Java NIO教程
Java語言/版本 研究