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最近翻了幾篇新冠肺炎論文，讓我再次思考AI取代人工翻譯的話(huà)題。在羊君看來(lái)，人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言水平會(huì)是 AI 讓人工翻譯下崗的最大障礙。
先不說(shuō)機(jī)器翻譯在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)等方面遇到的技術(shù)問(wèn)題，其服務(wù)對(duì)象本身就常常挖坑。中文是形散的語(yǔ)言，很多時(shí)候邏輯隱含在意思中，加上很多人的語(yǔ)言水平不夠好，句子語(yǔ)病較多，邏輯比較渙散，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用不規(guī)范，機(jī)器就比較難作出正確處理。
下面的4段話(huà)都出自同一篇論文，已經(jīng)做了隱私保護(hù)處理。這篇論文真的很難翻，主要是因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言表達(dá)水平不夠好，翻譯要花額外時(shí)間來(lái)理解原文，并且要想辦法在英語(yǔ)行文中將原文邏輯合理化。
1.回顧性分析2019年12月至2020年2月中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)東大學(xué)附屬高山醫(yī)院接受ECMO聯(lián)合支持治療的病例資料，包括年齡、性別、臨床癥狀、首發(fā)癥狀、既往史和并發(fā)癥情況等，入院時(shí)與ECMO聯(lián)合治療時(shí)的炎癥指標(biāo)的變化，包括紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和炎癥因子。
分析：原文寫(xiě)作主要問(wèn)題在于并列層級(jí)比較多，句子很長(zhǎng)，而且沒(méi)有使用合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)明示這種并列關(guān)系，機(jī)器翻譯已經(jīng)邏輯混亂了。
谷歌翻譯
A Retrospective analysis of the case data of patients receiving ECMO combined support treatment from December 2019 to February 2020 in the Alpine Hospital of the Far East University of China, including age, gender, clinical symptoms, first symptoms, past history, and complications Changes in inflammatory indicators?during combination therapy, including red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, and inflammatory factors.
百度翻譯
From December 2019 to February 2020, the data of patients who received ECMO combined support treatment in Alpine Hospital Affiliated to Far East University of China were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, clinical symptoms, first symptom, past historyand complications. The changes of inflammatory?indicators in the combination treatment with ECMO at admission, including red blood cell count, white blood cell count and inflammatory factors.
2.肺炎患者的嚴(yán)重程度與病毒和機(jī)體的炎癥反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度相關(guān)，如出現(xiàn)過(guò)度炎癥反應(yīng)，可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果甚至死亡。
分析：原文的問(wèn)題在于“病毒和機(jī)體的炎癥反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度”容易引起誤解，其字面可以作兩種理解：一是病毒+機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)；二是機(jī)體對(duì)病毒的炎癥反應(yīng)。從后面“如出現(xiàn)過(guò)度炎癥反應(yīng)”來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是第二種理解。但是機(jī)器只能從字面上進(jìn)行“理解”，所以基本都翻譯錯(cuò)誤。
谷歌翻譯
The severity of patients with pneumonia is related tothe intensity of the inflammatory response of the virus and the body. If an excessive inflammatory reaction occurs, it may lead to serious consequences and even death.
百度翻譯
The severity of pneumonia is related tothe virus and the intensity of the body's inflammatory response.?If there is excessive inflammatory response, it may lead to serious consequences or even death.
3.該技術(shù)具有更好的心血管耐受性和代謝調(diào)控、血漿滲透壓的變化較恒定、校正酸堿及電解質(zhì)紊亂，從而促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了炎癥介質(zhì)清除。
分析：原文的問(wèn)題在于三個(gè)并列項(xiàng)的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)并不一致，第一個(gè)并列項(xiàng)是“形容詞+名詞”，第二個(gè)并列項(xiàng)是“名詞+形容詞”，第三個(gè)并列項(xiàng)是“動(dòng)詞+名詞”。這就導(dǎo)致機(jī)器翻譯的結(jié)果也出現(xiàn)同樣的不一致，甚至錯(cuò)誤。
谷歌翻譯
This technology hasbetter cardiovascular tolerance and metabolic regulation, more constant changes in plasma osmotic pressure, correction of acid-base and electrolyte disturbances,?thereby promoting the elimination of inflammatory mediators.
百度翻譯
This technology has better cardiovascular tolerance and metabolic regulation, constant changes of plasma osmotic pressure, correction of acid-base and electrolyte disorders, thus promoting the elimination of inflammatory mediators.
4.本次在監(jiān)護(hù)過(guò)程中的觀察和管理，應(yīng)用醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)模式，取得較好效果。這可能與該技術(shù)應(yīng)用時(shí)監(jiān)護(hù)的指標(biāo)繁多復(fù)雜、護(hù)士容易出現(xiàn)疏漏有關(guān)，將有助于護(hù)士連續(xù)觀察記錄病情，醫(yī)護(hù)相互反饋及時(shí)處理問(wèn)題。
分析：原文的問(wèn)題在于句子明顯邏輯錯(cuò)誤，機(jī)器翻譯直接順下來(lái)邏輯自然也是錯(cuò)誤的。這里就需要人工翻譯進(jìn)行必要調(diào)整，將原文的邏輯合理化。
谷歌翻譯
The observation and management during the monitoring process applied the medical team model and achieved good results.This may be related to the complicated and complicated monitoring indicators and the susceptibility of nurses to omissions when the technology is applied, which will help nurses continuously observe and record their illnesses, and provide mutual feedback and timely treatment.
百度翻譯
The observation and management in the monitoring process, the application of medical team mode, achieved good results.This may be related to the variety and complexity of monitoring indicators when the technology is applied, and the nurses are prone to neglect, which will help nurses to continuously observe and record the condition, and help doctors and nurses to feed back each other and deal with problems in time.
