一.課文內(nèi)容

I have just received a letter from my old school, informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Stuart Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. We shall all remember Mr. Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr. Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn.

二.小詞積累

1. inform/remind sb. of sth.

2. catch on with 追趕上

3. accelarate/ faciliate

4. in his honour by name?

5. album 專(zhuān)輯，相冊(cè)

6. 不情愿地:unwillingly， reluctant，grudgingly（ 不滿；積怨；怨恨；If you have or bear a grudge against someone, you have unfriendly feelings towards them because of something they did in the past.）

7. you can't teach an old dogs new tricks. 老狗學(xué)不了新把戲;老年人很難適應(yīng)新事物.

8. 大量

修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:1.much+不可數(shù)名詞 2. quite a little 3. an amount of 4. amounts of 5. a great deal of

修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的有：1.a good/great many 2.many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 3.many a +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 4.a good/great/large number of 5. quite a few 6. scores of 7. dozens of

既可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:1.a lot of 2.lots of 3.plenty of 4.a quantity of 5.quantities of 6.a block of 7.blocks of 8.a mass of 9.masses of

下面還有幾句歌訣，幫助記憶： （當(dāng)中只出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)中的中心詞） little amount 不可 deal;（這三個(gè)中心詞的短語(yǔ)是修飾不可數(shù)名詞的） many number 可 few; （這三個(gè)中心詞的短語(yǔ)是修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的） lot plenty quantity 可不可；（這三個(gè)中心詞的短語(yǔ)可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞） little many few 無(wú) of。（這三個(gè)中心詞的短語(yǔ)后面沒(méi)有of）

9. keep track of 記錄

10. 良性循環(huán) virtuous cycle; 惡性循環(huán): vicious cycle

11. 學(xué)習(xí)曲線 I am on the learning curve

everyone in the center has been through a very deep learning curve（difficult to learn，quick to learn）.

12. learning from scratch

從零開(kāi)始;從頭做起;白手起家；If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. [PHR after v]

三. 讀音糾正

1.通病:

1） 不要在詞尾加schwa sound （大多數(shù)中國(guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)的通?。┤缯f(shuō)like，just

2） 不要多加r，album /'?lb?m/ not /?r/

3） ly 是/l ?/ 不是/e ?/，類(lèi)似的還有we，he

2. 語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào): 最后一句話，for 因?yàn)?，不要重讀，就像中文中不要重讀“因?yàn)椤币粯?/p>

4. contribute /k?n'tr?bjut/

contribution /?kɑntr?'bju??n/

5. 語(yǔ)氣詞

1）表示停頓需要思考，猶豫，或者不確定: well，uh，Er.../Umm.. ，Let me see. *see “考慮”、“盤(pán)算”、“想”，口語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表示無(wú)法立刻答復(fù)，一時(shí)想不出回答的話，或想說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么

2）表示同意，贊同: exactly，all right

3）表示驚訝: oh my god/ oh my gosh/ gosh/ wow/ holy cow天哪，哇塞

4）表示該死，倒霉: damn 有點(diǎn)臟話的感覺(jué)，朋友直接開(kāi)玩笑可以用，但是陌生人之間不要用/ shoot 只有很輕微的詛咒的意思，在口語(yǔ)中是感嘆詞"唷!""糟糕!"的意思Shoot! I forget to pass out the notice.（shoot還有嫩芽的意思; 搬起石頭砸自己的腳;自作自受；If you shoot yourself in the foot, something you say or do causes you harm.）

唷!我忘記傳送通知了

四. 語(yǔ)法分析

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done

(一). 表推測(cè)的用法

1. must have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的肯定猜測(cè)，譯為：過(guò)去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑問(wèn)形式須用 can(could) 來(lái)表示. 例如：

Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是濕的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。

He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（當(dāng)時(shí)）給他畫(huà)了張圖。

“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 詞典不見(jiàn)了，（過(guò)去）誰(shuí)可能把它拿走了？

2. may / might have done

may / might have done 表示“過(guò)去可能做了某事”。may 比 might 表示的可能性在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)稍大些。may/might not have done表示“過(guò)去可能沒(méi)有做某事。”例如：

I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的鑰匙了。我可能昨天把他們落在學(xué)校了。

John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.約翰可能沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。他看起來(lái)很憂傷。

注意：may/might have done表推測(cè)不能用于疑問(wèn)句中。一般用can/could have done sth.很可能做過(guò)某事

3. can/could have done 表推測(cè)一般用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，表示不相信或懷疑的態(tài)度;間或肯定句

Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通過(guò)了考試嗎？

I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我認(rèn)為他不可能出國(guó)了。我剛才還看見(jiàn)他了。

注：表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如：

“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “我想知道湯姆是怎么知道你的過(guò)去的?！?/p>

“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” “他肯定/很可能/可能/興許（沒(méi)準(zhǔn)兒）已從瑪麗那兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)此事了。”一、 “must+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),譯成“一定做過(guò)某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句.

4.would have done:想必會(huì)/肯定會(huì)做某事

President Obama has canceled plans to set stronger air quality rules in the United States.The president said these plans would have forced（想必會(huì)/肯定會(huì)迫使）

businesses to take action at a time when the country's economy is weak. On Friday, president Obama ordered environment officials to halt a plan that would have affected（想必會(huì)/肯定會(huì)影響） companies, states and cities. All three would have required to reduce the amount of chemicals that case smog.

Failure to do so, would have led to（肯定會(huì)/想必會(huì)導(dǎo)致） federal action.

(二). 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法

1. “could+have+done”是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè),意思是本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做. ”注意：其否定形式 couldn't have done 沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，couldn't have done 只能表推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于 can't have done，意為：“過(guò)去不可能做了某事。”

He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.本來(lái)他能夠通過(guò)考試,但是他太粗心.

2. “should+have+done”意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做.” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際做了.含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意.

1).Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday.湯姆,你太懶惰了,這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的.

2).Look,Tom is crying.I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.看,湯姆哭了,我本來(lái)不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)厲.

3. “ought to+have+done”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做,譯成“理應(yīng)做……”,往往表示遺憾.與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣.

I ought to have gone home last Sunday.我理應(yīng)上星期日回家.

You ought not to have given him more help.你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多.

4. “need+have+done”表示本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做.“needn't+have+done”則表示“本來(lái)不需要做某事而做了”.

I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)這么多酒,只來(lái)了五個(gè)人.

He need have hurried to the station.In that case,be wouldn't have missed the train.他本來(lái)需要快點(diǎn)去車(chē)站,那樣的話,他就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē).

5. might (不能用 may) have done 表示“過(guò)去本可以做某事卻未做。” 注意：其否定形式 might not have done 沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，might not have done 只能表推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于 may not have done，意為：“過(guò)去可能沒(méi)有做某事。”

1.He might have given you more help,even though he was busy.(MET90) 他或許會(huì)多給你一些幫助,即使他很忙.

6. ?“would+have+done”虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè),意思是“本來(lái)會(huì)做，但沒(méi)有做”

它的使用在條件句中很常見(jiàn).如

1. If I hadn’t been ill,I would have finished the work.

2.Without your help,I wouldn't have achieved so much.沒(méi)有你的幫助,我是不會(huì)取得如此大的成績(jī).

3. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.