比較狀語從句是主從復(fù)合句,所以它由兩部分構(gòu)成:主句和狀語從句。主句和從句存在著比較關(guān)系。一般模式為:主句+連詞+比較狀語從句。常用連詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有:as;as …as, not as/ so … as;than;:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
1.比較
同級比較: as...as 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;as 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;not so/as...as "引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;as many/much a引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。
例如:She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians.有多少歷史學(xué)家,就有多少歷史學(xué)的定義。
That's not so/as simple as it sounds.那件事情不像聽起來那么簡單。
不同級比較: than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;more...than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;less...than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
例如:You look younger than you are. 你看上去比你的實(shí)際年齡要年輕。
2.倍數(shù):表達(dá)倍數(shù)也是一種比較。常用:是......倍,可以用N times as much as來表達(dá);多......倍,可以用”more than/less than”來表達(dá);是百分之幾,則可以用N%來表達(dá)。
The house is three times as big as ours.
There are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago. 如今的漁場數(shù)量僅是15年前的一半。
其他:the..., the...引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;not …so much as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句;“not….any more than”比較狀語從句;“no more ….than”引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句;no less than. 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句;not any less than”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
如:Mary is no more diligent than Tom.就意為Mary和Tom都不勤奮。
The more you study, the more knowledge you can get. 你學(xué)的知識越多,你的知識越豐富。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.學(xué)校教育的重大作用,與其說是交給你東西,不如說是交給你學(xué)習(xí)的藝術(shù)。
省略和替代:
比較狀語從句中,若存在相同性質(zhì)的比較對象,會出現(xiàn)表達(dá)的重復(fù),所以會使用替代和省略。
例如:James enjoys the theater more than Susan does .(動詞替代)
Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone.(it is后省略了 beautiful)。