視頻會議中，男性更不喜歡被大家注視著，或者被人用目光進行隱形批判。但是對女性的調(diào)查沒有顯示這個問題。

In Lewis Carroll’s Victorian classic Through the Looking-Glass, Alice steps through a mirror into a world that is a reflection of the one she already exists in. This fictional account of a familiar yet topsy-turvy reality resonates with our lived experiences during the pandemic, where we must navigate work, school and leisure through a screen.
在劉易斯·卡羅爾的經(jīng)典維多利亞風著作《愛麗絲夢游仙境2：鏡中奇遇記》中，愛麗絲穿過一面鏡子進入一個真實世界的映像世界。這段虛構的故事描述是一個既熟悉又顛倒的現(xiàn)實，與我們在新冠期間的生活經(jīng)歷不謀而合。 新館期間，我們必須通過電腦屏幕才能與工作，學校和休閑場所接軌。

Using our combined observations of hundreds of Zoom meetings and scholarly insights from the fields of anthropology and psychology, we explore these questions to consider the transformative impact of digital platforms on our work environments and identities.
使用我們對數(shù)百次Zoom會議的綜合觀察，以及結合人類學和心理學領域的學術見解，我們希望能探索出各種各樣的數(shù)字平臺對我們的工作環(huán)境、自我認識的革命性影響。

As the legendary Aretha Franklin asks, “who’s zoomin’ who,” and why? And what does this tell us about our pandemic selves?
正如傳奇歌手艾瑞莎·富蘭克林的歌詞，“是誰在（背后）默默注視誰”，為什么會這樣？ 這對新冠中的我們又有怎樣的啟示？

Men prefer custom backgrounds 男性喜歡使用自定義背景

Based on our experiences in the new virtual world, men appear to far outnumber women in their preference for using specialty Zoom backgrounds. Popular choices include dungeons, outer space, landscapes and branded University images, the latter of which is common among men in positions of significant power. They sometimes switch designs during meetings, which can be humorous and reflect individual creativity.
在虛擬視頻世界中，男性比女性更傾向于使用特別的視頻背景。 最受歡迎的有地牢，外太空，風景和名牌大學背景，其中名牌大學背景尤其受身居要職的男性喜愛。 他們有時會在會議期間切換背景，表現(xiàn)自己的幽默和個人創(chuàng)造力。

In practical terms, the backgrounds may also be used to disguise cluttered or untidy workspaces. The lack of research on Zoom backgrounds makes determining the reasons behind this behaviour challenging to ascertain, but studies about gender and workspace culture may offer some clues.
從實用性出發(fā)，背景還可以用來掩蓋亂糟糟或著不夠整潔的工作環(huán)境。 對視頻會議使用背景的研究不多，使得這種行為背后的原因很難被斷定，但一些有關性別和工作場所文化的研究可能會成為線索。

The idea of men customizing their backgrounds to assert themselves in new spaces aligns with insights from gaming literature. Journalist Gabriel Winslow-Yost argues that gaming can be very grounding among male players given the collective nature of the virtual landscape and the definitive roles each player has.
男性在新環(huán)境中用自定義背景來維護自己形象，與游戲文學里的見解相吻合。 記者加布里埃爾·溫斯洛-尤斯特認為，虛擬的景觀和特定的角色扮演，能使男性玩家覺得游戲更真實。

Unlike video games, Zoom meetings are not usually perceived as leisurely activities or an escape from the “real” world. However, it could be that tech-savvy men are drawn to or comforted in some way by the opportunity to curate their digital environments using unique Zoom backgrounds, or as Winslow-Yost points out with regard to the online gaming world: “… they let us spend a little time in a different room.”
與電子游戲不同，視頻會議通常不會被當成休閑活動或逃離“真實”世界的窗口。 但是，在懂技術的男性眼里，這可能是一個利用特別的視頻背景來營造一個自己的數(shù)字化環(huán)境的機會，或者正如溫斯洛-尤斯特對在線游戲世界指出的那樣：“…（電子游戲）他們讓我們在另一個房間里多花了一點時間?！?/p>

Designs by men 由男性打造

Women have been players in the corporate world for decades, but the style and appearance of many work environments remain quite masculine. This is reflected in the predominance of neutral tones like steely grey, along with Modernist décor and room temperatures two to three degrees lower than what women prefer.
數(shù)十年來，女性一直是行業(yè)各界的佼佼者，但許多工作環(huán)境的風格和外觀仍然非常男性化。 這反映在：各種場合中大量使用的中性色調(diào)（如：鋼灰色），現(xiàn)代主義裝飾和比女性偏愛的溫度通常低兩到三度的室溫上。

During the pandemic, the spatial distinctions between office and home are eroding because many of us now work in the places where we live. This transition may be especially challenging for men, who mostly prefer clear definitions between office and domestic spaces. In light of this, one suggestion is that men may use specialty Zoom backgrounds as a creative way to exact a sense of control over their new work environments that no longer reflect the masculine design they are used to.
新冠期間，許多人在居住的地方工作，辦公室和家之間的空間感隔閡在逐漸模糊。 對于男性來說，這種變化尤其具有挑戰(zhàn)性，因為男性更喜歡把工作和居住的空間明確分隔開來。 在此基礎上，一種說法是，因為新的工作環(huán)境不再有男性化的設計，男性需要一種創(chuàng)新的方式來對新的工作環(huán)境保持一種控制感，即使用專業(yè)的Zoom背景。

On-screen appearances 屏幕表現(xiàn)

We are also regularly observing and being observed by people on the other side of our looking-glass screens, which can increase our focus on the appearance of others and generate discomfort about how we look. There’s a reason cosmetic surgery for facial procedures has skyrocketed since the uptick in Zoom use or “Zoom boom.”
我們還會與屏幕對面的人互相觀察，這可能增加了我們對別人外表的關注，和對自己的外表的不適。 自從視頻會議變多后，面部美容手術的需求就開始猛增。

Women are regularly objectified and sexualized for male pleasure or gain, which researchers refer to as the male gaze. This could help explain why women are less likely than men to turn their videos on during Zoom calls. Their decisions to do so stem from appearance-related concerns and, for some, a desire to multi-task, says Portland-based psychologist and tech expert Doreen Dodgen-Magee.
女性經(jīng)常會因為男性的愉悅或利益，被客觀化和性別化，研究人員將其稱為男性的目光。 這可以解釋為什么在視頻通話中女性打開視頻的意愿比男性低。 波特蘭的心理學家兼技術專家多琳·道根·馬吉說，這樣做的源于對外表的擔憂，或者希望在視頻的時候同時干點別的事情。

When using Zoom, many of our male colleagues report feeling uncomfortable with being continuously observed. Given this, it is conceivable that some men employ custom backgrounds as protective camouflage to reduce their vulnerability in a glaringly objectified space.
在視頻通話中，很多男同事報告稱，被人持續(xù)注視著很不舒服。 考慮到這點，可以想象有些男性會使用自定義背景作為保護性偽裝，降低他們在鏡頭中脆弱性。

Being visually assessed in such overt ways is not something most men are familiar with, especially in their professional lives. This is demonstrated in a recent study that found that although female workers often perceive themselves to be observed in certain working environments males do not.
大多數(shù)男性不習慣被人用赤裸裸的目光審視，尤其在職業(yè)生涯中。 最近的一項研究證明，盡管女性員工經(jīng)常覺得自己在工作環(huán)境中被人關注到，男性卻不會。

Screen reflections 屏幕反思

Like Alice’s looking-glass, Zoom is transforming how we observe one another and construct or reconstruct our identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The insights shared here suggest some of the ways that gender shapes the uptake of this platform among women and men.
就像愛麗絲的鏡中世界一樣，新館期間的視屏通話正在改變我們在與別人見面的方式、打造個人形象的方式。 本文的觀點是性別決定了男性和女性在接受數(shù)字化平臺的不同。

Further research would be fascinating to conduct, particularly alongside our male and gender variant colleagues who can shed additional light on how creativity and resilience are used to fashion and secure Zoom-hood in our digital world.
在這方面進行進一步的研究會很有趣，尤其和我們的男性同事和多元性別同事一起，他們還會闡明創(chuàng)造力和適應力是如何在數(shù)字世界中塑造和維護整個視屏通話社區(qū)的。

本文轉(zhuǎn)自On Zoom, Men Don’t Like Feeling Watched and Judged — but Women Are Used to It by Treena Orchard and Shauna Burke (西安大略大學健康研究學院的副教授).