docker安裝基礎見前篇
基于Centos7安裝Docker
#查看docker版本
docker version
#-----------------------------------------控制臺輸出----------------------------------
Client:
Cloud integration: 1.0.17
Version: 20.10.8
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.16.6
Git commit: 3967b7d
Built: Fri Jul 30 19:55:20 2021
OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.8
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.16.6
Git commit: 75249d8
Built: Fri Jul 30 19:52:10 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.9
GitCommit: e25210fe30a0a703442421b0f60afac609f950a3
runc:
Version: 1.0.1
GitCommit: v1.0.1-0-g4144b63
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
鏡像基礎操作
#查找鏡像
docker search nginx
#----------------------------------------控制臺輸出-------------------------------------------------------------
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15480 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2066 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 818 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 242
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 152
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 141 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 135 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 107 [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI… 93 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 72 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 57 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 51
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 24 [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 20
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 19
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 13 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
navidonskis/nginx-php5.6 Docker nginx + php5.6 on Ubuntu 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 2 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#選擇一個nginx鏡像 使用命令下載鏡像
#拉取最新版本的鏡像
docker pull nginx
查看鏡像
docker images
#-----------------------------控制臺輸出-------------------------------------
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
phpdockerio/php73-fpm latest 918fc516e945 2 days ago 162MB
nginx latest ad4c705f24d3 7 days ago 133MB
通過鏡像啟動一個容器
docker run -i -t -d -p 80:80 nginx /bin/bash
#-----------------------------命令釋義-------------------------------------
run：運行
-i：交互式操作
-t：終端
-p：端口 [宿主機端口]:[docker內(nèi)部端口]
-d：后臺運行
查看已經(jīng)運行的容器
docker ps -a
#-----------------------------控制臺輸出---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
78317fad8931 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 47 hours ago Up 47 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
進入已經(jīng)運行的容器
docker exec -i -t 78317fad8931 /bin/bash
#-----------------------------命令釋義-------------------------------------
方式一（推薦）-exec：退出容器終端，不會導致容器的停止。
方式二（不推薦）-attach：退出容器終端，會導致容器的停止。
停止已啟動的容器
docker stop 78317fad8931
啟動已經(jīng)停止的容器
#重啟
docker restart 78317fad8931
#啟動
docker start 78317fad8931
刪除已經(jīng)停止的容器
# 注意刪除容器前需要先stop容器，否則會出現(xiàn)錯誤
docker rm 78317fad8931
#-----------------------------未停止容器錯誤提示-------------------------------------
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 78317fad893178246db3c52743c2770704319f6f991160bd3b4f0ddc97ec3949.
Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
刪除鏡像
# 注意刪除鏡像前需要先刪除容器，解除容器與鏡像關聯(lián)，否則會出現(xiàn)錯誤
docker rmi nginx
#-----------------------------未刪除容器錯誤提示-------------------------------------
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 78317fad8931 is using its referenced image ad4c705f24d3
搭建LNMP環(huán)境
安裝nginx
#查找鏡像
docker search nginx
#----------------------------------------控制臺輸出-------------------------------------------------------------
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15480 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2066 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 818 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 242
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 152
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 141 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 135 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 107 [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI… 93 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 72 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 57 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 51
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 24 [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 20
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 19
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 13 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
navidonskis/nginx-php5.6 Docker nginx + php5.6 on Ubuntu 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 2 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#選擇一個nginx鏡像 使用命令下載鏡像
#拉取最新版本的鏡像
docker pull nginx
#------------------------------------控制臺輸出----------------------------------
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
Digest: sha256:853b221d3341add7aaadf5f81dd088ea943ab9c918766e295321294b035f3f3e
Status: Image is up to date for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
運行容器
docker run --name nginx -p 80:80 -d nginx
#------------------------------------釋義----------------------------------
--name 這里是別名，使用docker ps 會最后顯示names
-p 80:80 第一個80是服務器的端口，第二個80是docker容器端口，
-d 要運行的容器名稱 這里是nginx
查看運行結(jié)果
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
78317fad8931 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 days ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
訪問nginx服務
image.png
安裝PHP
docker search php
#--------------------------------------------------控制臺輸出---------------------------------------
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
php While designed for web development, the PHP … 6158 [OK]
phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB. 1137 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 323 [OK]
webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 209 [OK]
php-zendserver Zend Server - the integrated PHP application… 199 [OK]
webdevops/php-apache-dev PHP with Apache for Development (eg. with xd… 145 [OK]
webdevops/php-apache Apache with PHP-FPM (based on webdevops/php) 119 [OK]
osixia/phpldapadmin phpLDAPadmin with easy configuration via env… 116
phpunit/phpunit PHPUnit is a programmer-oriented testing fra… 82 [OK]
nazarpc/phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin as Docker container, based on off… 61 [OK]
phpipam/phpipam-www phpIPAM is an open-source web IP address man… 53
thecodingmachine/php General-purpose ultra-configurable PHP images 38 [OK]
jakzal/phpqa Docker image with quality analysis tools for… 37 [OK]
pierrecdn/phpipam phpIPAM web IP address management applicatio… 36 [OK]
erikdubbelboer/phpredisadmin Simple web interface to manage Redis databas… 32 [OK]
chialab/php Adding common PHP extensions to some of the … 28 [OK]
devilbox/php-fpm PHP-FPM Docker images based on original PHP … 26
phpdockerio/php7-fpm PHP 7 FPM base container for PHPDocker.io. 19 [OK]
phpstan/phpstan Docker container to check your application w… 19 [OK]
phpdockerio/php73-fpm PHP 7.3 FPM base container for PHPDocker.io. 18
appsvc/php Azure App Service php dockerfiles 16 [OK]
arm32v7/php While designed for web development, the PHP … 14
phpipam/phpipam-cron phpIPAM is an open-source web IP address man… 14
graze/php-alpine Smallish php7 alpine image with some common … 12 [OK]
phpdockerio/php7-cli PHP 7 CLI base container image for PHPDocker… 2 [OK]
選擇一個版本進行安裝
docker pull phpdockerio/php73-fpm
查看nginx 默認運行的路徑，因為要通過-v命令將容器內(nèi)部的文件目錄掛載到宿主機的對應目錄，便于后期項目的管理
先進入已經(jīng)啟動的nginx容器
docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash
#查看nginx服務配置文件
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
#其中 root /usr/share/nginx/html 為容器的網(wǎng)絡應用的根地址
創(chuàng)建并運行php容器
docker run -p 9000:9000 --name phpfpm -v /var/www/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -d phpdockerio/php73-fpm
#-p 將容器的9000端口與宿主機的9000端口進行映射
進入php 容器，找到路徑/usr/share/nginx/html
創(chuàng)建一個文件 index_test.php 文件
docker exec -it phpfpm bash
#進入容器
cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
vi test.php
#根據(jù)自己的喜好echo一句話進行測試
echo '測試PHP文件訪問';
- 回到宿主機進入到 /var/www/html 已經(jīng)生成了test.php文件
- 進入nginx容器配置訪問php 文件
- 通過命令獲取到phpfpm容器的內(nèi)網(wǎng)ip地址
#方式一：通過命令行解析的方式進行ip的解析并獲取
docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' phpfpm
#方式二：通過檢查配置的方式返回所有配置信息
docker inspect phpfpm
方式二
方式一和方式二都可以獲取到IP地址，只不過方式一的命令不太方便記憶，我一般常用方式二進行查詢配置
如上：我們獲取到172.17.0.3,這個ip 需要配置到nginx容器的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf文件的配置中（熟悉nginx配置的同學也可以自己在/etc/nginx/conf.d/目錄下新建屬于自己的.conf文件進行配置）
配置nginx 支持php 文件訪問
docker exec -it nginx bash
#進入容器配置目錄
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
vi default.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#根據(jù)實際情況，配置成我們通過inspect命令獲取的ip
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
重啟nginx容器,即可通過IP訪問test.php
docker restart nginx
# http://ip/test.php
安裝mysql
docker search mysql
docker pull mysql
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
-p 3306:3306：將容器的 3306 端口映射到宿主機的 3306 端口。
-v -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：將主機當前目錄下的 conf/my.cnf 掛載到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：將主機當前目錄下的 logs 目錄掛載到容器的 /logs。
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：將主機當前目錄下的data目錄掛載到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用戶的密碼。
常見問題
MYSQL錯誤
用navicat for mysql連接mysql發(fā)現(xiàn)報錯：Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server
解決方案：
#進入容器
docker exec -it [容器id] /bin/bash
#登陸mysql
mysql -uroot -p
#授權(quán)mysql的root用戶
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
#
flush privileges;
#更新加密規(guī)則：
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
#更新root用戶密碼
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '換成你的密碼';
#刷新權(quán)限
flush privileges;
保存后重新連接mysql，連接成功
造成這個問題的原因是因為：
- 我們通過docker pull mysql安裝的mysql版本默認是最新的8.x
- 在MySQL 8.0.11中，caching_sha2_password是默認的身份驗證插件，而不是以往的mysql_native_password
- 所以我們需要手動調(diào)整一下加密規(guī)則即可
