生平
?？思{出生于一個(gè)歷史悠久的南方家庭。他在牛津鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大，該鎮(zhèn)后來(lái)成為其小說(shuō)中虛構(gòu)的杰斐遜鎮(zhèn)的原型。他的家族史也被寫(xiě)進(jìn)了他的小說(shuō)中。一戰(zhàn)早期他曾在加拿大參加英國(guó)陸軍航空隊(duì)，訓(xùn)練未完一戰(zhàn)就已結(jié)束了?；貒?guó)后他在密西西比大學(xué)就讀一年，后做過(guò)多種雜工。他的前兩部小說(shuō)并未引起注意，而1929年出版的《沙特里斯》卻表現(xiàn)出其創(chuàng)作已漸臻成熟。他的下一部《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》是一部較為成熟的作品。而后，他的主要作品陸續(xù)出版。1946年文學(xué)批評(píng)家馬爾科姆考利編輯了他的作品選集《?？思{讀本》，并詳細(xì)介紹他的著作。福克納成為文學(xué)批評(píng)界的焦點(diǎn)。福克納于1949年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。福克納的作品被稱(chēng)為“約克納帕特發(fā)世家小說(shuō)”。在這些作品里?？思{描寫(xiě)了許多南方貴族的家族史。在這些家族發(fā)跡時(shí)?？思{就預(yù)示到他們必然的衰落。因?yàn)樗麄儎儕Z了印第安人的土地，奴役了黑人，受到了詛咒。當(dāng)悲壯的興衰史在一部部小說(shuō)中不斷呈現(xiàn)時(shí)，它就具有了象征性的意義。很顯然，?？思{想要表達(dá)的不僅僅涉及美國(guó)南方，也包括整個(gè)人類(lèi)的生活狀況?，F(xiàn)代生活中精神的墮落直接源于缺乏愛(ài)和情感上的回應(yīng)。
寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)
(1)福克納極重視人物的塑造，這是他表現(xiàn)人的多面性的關(guān)鍵所在。他給予角色最大程度的自主和獨(dú)立。他運(yùn)用了一些手法以保證人物的獨(dú)立性。其中最重要的是“作者的超脫”，這通過(guò)不可靠的敘事者和多位敘事者的手法實(shí)現(xiàn)。
(2)他的作品里有很多的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白?，F(xiàn)代意識(shí)流技巧頻繁恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用單詞常擠到一塊，沒(méi)有大寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)句子意義指代不明，長(zhǎng)句子奇怪地堆積到一起。代詞的使用加重了其文章的復(fù)雜性。
(3)他的作品里包含日?？谡Z(yǔ)，地方方言，又有規(guī)范的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言，涵蓋了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的多個(gè)語(yǔ)域。
(4)?？思{的想象力異常豐富。他把作品植根于美國(guó)南部歷史,創(chuàng)造出一種獨(dú)特的文學(xué)氛圍，最終超越具體的人或事的局限而觸及普遍性的問(wèn)題。
作品分析The Sound and the Fury
The Sound and the Fury is William Faulkner's best novel. Here is "a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury/Signifying nothing."There is enough despair and nihilism but not much love and emotion in this sad story of the Compsons.Mr.Compson is disenchanted with life and the society he lives in. Unable to find meaning in the moral verities he was brought up with, he escapes into alcoholism and cynicism. Mrs. Compson is spiritually effete and has little love to spare for her children. Of the four children,Caddy is the only one capable of loving, but she loses her virginity.The youngest brother, Benjy, is an idiot, a curse on the family. Another, Quentin, lives in the ideal world of his youth with his dreams of love, honor, and integrity, and,when he fails to keep off the intrusion of the "loud, harsh world".he destroys himself. The life of the eldest brother,Jason,is empty and meaningless. Love is alien to him, and so are other traditional humanistic values.
The Sound and the Fury tells a story of deterioration from the past to the present. The past is idealized to forn striking contrast with the loveless present. There is in the book an acute feeling of nostalgia toward the happy past, Quentins section offers a good illustration. A miserable creature in the modern world, Quentin frequently casts a backward glance at the time of his childhood when life was innocent, romantic, and secure. He just cannot bring himself to come to terms with the present which is, to him, purposeless, futile. and devoid of the values which make life worth living. His suicide offers an example of a complete negation of the present. In a sense, Quentin's value system may represent Faulkner's own idea of an ideal way of life,that of an ante-bellum society. The fact that Benjy's section begins the book is not a haphazard arrangement on the part of the author, for it is Benjy who feels most keenly the loss of love. Benjy lives on the emotional support of love. Although an idiot with no sense of time, he knows who loves him best. When caddy is gone, his world of love vanishes with her, and nobody can take her place. not even Dilsey.Thus this section helps to dramatize the theme of loss from the very beginning of the story. With the story of Jason whose life embodies all the vices of the modern world, the contrast between the ante-bellum society and the present one is brought out in the most poignant manner possible.The triumph of rationalism over feeling and compassion is best illustrated in this sterile and loveless individual.
