全英文教學中，學生如果想輕松跟上講課的節(jié)奏、最大程度接收教學內(nèi)容，需要在老師的講授中找到“路標詞”（signposting words）。

路標詞是指當老師正準備要開始一個主題或進入下一個主題時，作為開場白用途的句子或單詞，以及搭配的語調(diào)變化。

路標詞的使用，可以幫助需要用英語授課的老師，提升學生的專注力以及學習效率。學生也可以根據(jù)路標詞，跟隨老師的節(jié)奏。但值得特別注意的是，路標詞技巧僅適用于課堂上，并不適用于正規(guī)的書信或科學論文的寫作，因該用法被認為較口語化。

能夠用作路標詞的副詞以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞主要有以下幾類：

一、情緒副詞：用于陳述事實、觀點以及主題間的切換，表達出個人對陳述內(nèi)容的主觀感受。

例子：

1.Fortunately, a way has been found to resolve this long-standing?problem.

2.Naturally, one would want to assess the risks first.

3.Especially, notice the information in the handout.

實用的情緒副詞：

actually ??apparently ?basically ?by the way ?briefly ??certainly ?clearly ?conceivably ?confidentially ?curiously ??especially ?evidently

fortunately ??hopefully ?hypothetically ?ideally ?incidentally?indeed?interestingly?ironically?naturally?oddly ?predictably ?presumably

regrettably seriously strangely surprisingly thankfully? theoretically?truthfully ?ultimately ?unfortunately ?wisely

二、主題性副詞：用于幫助聽眾分辨句子的主題，使該句子的主題更加明確，也可以用來強調(diào)教師的個人觀點，或是當教師要將主題轉(zhuǎn)移至另一個相關主題的時候，也可以使用主題性副詞。

例子：

1.Economically, this would be infeasible to implement while the markets are too?unstable.

2.Politically, it would be unwise for the senator to suddenly propose such an?outrageously expensive funding project at such an economically depressed time as?this.

3.Biologically?speaking, it would be imprecise to call this a?virus.

用于特定主題或研究領域的副詞：

scientifically?mathematically ?artistically ?financially ?intellectually ?philosophically? computationally ?psychologically ?economically

politically ?intellectually?biologically?environmentally?presently?evolutionarily?emotionally

三、轉(zhuǎn)折語：用來傳達一個主題、邏輯或語氣的轉(zhuǎn)移信號。

轉(zhuǎn)折語相當好用，尤其是當教師想要轉(zhuǎn)移主題時，轉(zhuǎn)折語可以通過語調(diào)的強調(diào)，引導學生的注意力。

Now,Now turning to

Let’s turn to

Let’s turn our attention to

Now, let’s move on to

I’ll move on to

Let me move on to

Next, let’s talk about

I’ll talk about / discuss

Now I’d like to discuss

This raises the following issues /

question(s)

So how about…

What about …?

If I could now turn to

My next point is

Now, let’s see what happens.

Now that that’s clear / we’ve resolved?that

We will go on to the next?point.

Now let’s approach this problem in a?different way.

The second point I’d like to make?is...

例子：

（斜體劃線的部份及應為降低語調(diào)的路標詞）

Motivation in psychology can be?subdivided into different types of motivation.?

Extrinsic?motivation?refers to motivation driven by an external reward.?

Intrinsic motivation?refers to motivation that is driven by a personal or intellectual interest in what one is doing.

四、介詞詞組也可以作為路標詞使用。

例子：

1.The order of Coleoptera represents a large and diverse grouping of insects.Within Coleopterawe find that 90% of species belong to the suborder Polyphaga.

2.Theoretical linguistics includes the fields of syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics.In the field of?syntax, one investigates issues of sentence structure and word order.