高中英語名詞性從句

高中英語賓語從句

賓語從句(object clauses)

1、概述

用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動詞（動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，連接代詞what, who, whose, which和連接副詞when、where、how、why等引導。

He said he wanted to go to town.

他說他想去城里。

I hope you'll be better soon.

我希望你能很快好起來。

I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.

你能設法抽空出席這個交際會，我很高興。

I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.

除了在報上讀到的以外,我對這件事一無所知。

Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.

除了雨天,大多數(shù)中國人一般都騎自行車上班。

He asked me whether she was coming.

他問我，她來還是不來。

2、作動詞賓語

（1）由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句。that引導賓語從句時，只起引導詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語和非正式文體中常省去。

I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.

我認為他幾天后就會好的。

I wish （that） she would understand me.

我希望她理解我。

（2）由連接代詞what, who, whose, which引導的賓語從句，在句中作成分，即主語、賓語、表語和定語，連接代詞在句中不能省略。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．

計算機只能按人的指令去做。

Do you know whom they are waiting for?

你知道他們在等誰嗎？

He asked whose dictionary it was.

他問這是誰的字典。

He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment.

他不能斷定他們會用哪一種方法做實驗。

（3）連接副詞when，where，how，why等引導賓語從句。

關系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語從句中充當各種狀語，分別表時間、地點、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。

Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.

請告訴我我們將何時討論計劃。

I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.

我不知道我們將在哪里開會。

Will you tell me how I can get to the station？

你能告訴我如何能到車站嗎？

Do you know why he said that?

你知道他為什么說那件事嗎？

I remember when this used to be a quiet village．

我記得這里曾經(jīng)是一個僻靜的村莊。

（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導的賓語從句。

I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在農(nóng)村女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。

I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.

我不知道你是否愿意幫我。

注意：whether 和if的區(qū)別，請參考概述部分。

（5）動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。

動詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語從句前可以有一個間接賓語，這個賓語有時可以省略，有的不能省略。

He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時候討論我的建議。(me不可省略)

She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答應以后給我們更多的幫助。(us可省略)

3、作介詞賓語

It depends on whether he is coming or not.這要看他是否會來。

I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我們該做什么。

注意：that引導的賓語從句只在in, but, except, besides等少數(shù)介詞后作賓語，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因為），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

所得稅過高是有害的，因為它可能使人不愿多賺錢。

His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints.

除了一些印刷錯誤之外，這篇論文很好。

4、作形容詞賓語。

No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years．

誰也不知道一百萬年后人類會變成什么樣子。

I am not certain whether I have met him before.

我不能肯定從前是否見過他。

I'm sorry (that) you're ill.

你病了，我很難過。

注意：that引導的從句在下列形容詞后面作賓語，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。

I'm sure (that) he'll help you.

確信他會幫助你。

I'm glad (that)he has passed the exam.

我很高興，他考試及格了。

5、it充當形式賓語，真正的賓語---賓語從句后置。

正如我們常用it充當形式主語代替主語從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語代替賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置。特別是帶復合賓語的句子中。在這種結(jié)構中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：

（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等動詞接復合賓語（賓語＋賓補）時，要用it作形式賓語。

We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time．

我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們按時完成工作有困難。

She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．

她認為他不接電話是不對的。

（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀樂”的動詞，后若要跟賓語從句時，需跟形式賓語 it。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

我不喜歡人們滿口飯說話。

I like it that everyone passed the exam．

都通過了考試我很喜歡。

（3）由動詞和介詞構成的短語動詞后接 that 賓語從句時，要用形式賓語。

We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我正在考慮借給你錢的事。

I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.

你不在的時候我負責把他照顧好。

（4）用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中。

Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.

要記住你得十點鐘之前回家。

We took it for granted that he would come.

我們認為他來是當然的。

6、不可直接跟that從句的動詞。

下列動詞不可直接接that從句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厭惡）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（聽見）, see（看見）, want（想要） 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that從句；或接動名詞、不定式。

He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正確)

他忽視了一件事，他又犯了一個錯誤。

He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正確)

He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(錯誤)

I admire it that they won the match. (正確)

I admire the fact that they won the match. (正確)

我很羨慕，他們贏得了比賽。

I admire that they won the match. (錯誤)