Hibernate入門(mén)

慕課網(wǎng)Hibernate學(xué)習(xí)筆記

開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境

  1. eclipse mars
  2. hibernate toos

最簡(jiǎn)單的例子

  1. 創(chuàng)建java Project

  2. 導(dǎo)入相關(guān)依賴(lài)

  • 導(dǎo)入hibernate-re...\lib\required中的jar包
  • 導(dǎo)入mysql驅(qū)動(dòng)
  • 導(dǎo)入Junit4包
  1. 創(chuàng)建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.user">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
  1. 創(chuàng)建持久化類(lèi)(javabean)
  • 公有
  • 提供不帶參數(shù)的的構(gòu)造方法
  • 屬性私有
  • 有setter和getter
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name, String sex, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }

}

  1. 創(chuàng)建對(duì)象關(guān)系映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2016-10-2 16:35:18 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="Student" table="STUDENT">
        <id name="id" type="int">
            <column name="ID" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="NAME" />
        </property>
        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SEX" />
        </property>
        <property name="age" type="int">
            <column name="AGE" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

  1. 將映射添加到hibernate.cfg.xml
 <mapping resource="Student.hbm.xml"/>
  1. 創(chuàng)建JUnit測(cè)試類(lèi)
public class StudentTest {
    
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private Session session;
    private Transaction transaction;
    
    @Before 
    public void init(){
        StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
        sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry).buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    }
    
    @After
    public void destroy(){
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSaveStudent() {
        Student student = new Student(2, "老王", "男", 13);
        session.save(student);
    }
}

  1. 運(yùn)行測(cè)試即可將數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

Hibernate相關(guān)介紹

hibernat.cfg.xml屬性介紹

  1. hibernat.show_sql:(true|false)是否輸出sql語(yǔ)句到控制臺(tái)

  2. hibernat.format_sql: (true|false)是否對(duì)輸出的sql語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行排版

  3. hbm2ddl.auto:(create|update|create-drop|va|idate)
    create每次插入都會(huì)刪除原來(lái)的表,update會(huì)更新原來(lái)的表

  4. hibernate.default_schema:(hibernate)設(shè)置默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),會(huì)在sql語(yǔ)句中的表名前加入前綴

  5. hibernate.dialect:(org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)方言,可針對(duì)特定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化

  6. hibernate.current_session_contex_class:(thread|jta):
    用于指定getCurrentSession是獲取本地事務(wù)還是全局事務(wù)

session

  • SessionFactory一個(gè)系統(tǒng)一般只創(chuàng)建一個(gè)

  • openSession每次獲取的事務(wù)時(shí)不同事務(wù)

  • getCurrentSession獲取的是同一個(gè)事務(wù),會(huì)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉

  • 通過(guò)session進(jìn)行增刪改查

  • 操作前需開(kāi)啟transaction,完成后提交transaction

*.hbm.xml配置文件介紹

<hibernate-mapping
schema="schema_name"
catalog="catalog_name"http://目錄mysql不支持
default_cascade="cascade_style"http://級(jí)聯(lián)風(fēng)格
default_access="field|property|ClassName"http://訪問(wèn)策略
default-lazy="true|false"http://加載策略
package="packageName"
>
<id>
<generator class="assigned|native|increment"/>
</id>
//組件屬性
<component name="address" class=""> 
    <property name="" column></property>
</component>

增刪改查

  1. save
  2. update
  3. delete
  4. get //一次性獲取
  5. load // 懶加載

一對(duì)多

  1. 實(shí)體類(lèi)中設(shè)置多方的set

  2. 在一方的映射文件中設(shè)置

<set name="students" table="student" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="all">//inverse=true表示由多方維護(hù)關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系(多方add元素后,插入時(shí)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)update)
//cascade="all|save-update|delete|none"
    <key column="gid"></key>
    <one-to-many class="student">
</set>

多對(duì)一

  1. 在實(shí)體類(lèi)中設(shè)置一方的實(shí)例

  2. 在多方映射文件中設(shè)置

<many-to-one name="grade" class="Grade" conlumn = "gid"></many-to-one>

HQL語(yǔ)句

select xxx from xxx where xxx group by xxx having xxx order by xxx

使用方法

  1. 大小寫(xiě)敏感

  2. 簡(jiǎn)單例子

    @Test
    public void testQuery(){
        String hql = "from Student as s";
        List<Student> students = session.createQuery(hql).list();
        for(Student student : students){
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }
  1. 返回Object[]
//只選擇一個(gè)屬性則返回object
    @Test
    public void testSelect(){
        String hql = "select s.id, s.name from Student as s";
        Query<Object[]> query = session.createQuery(hql);
        List<Object[]> list = query.list();
        for(Object[] objects : list){
            System.out.println(objects[0]);
            System.out.println(objects[1]);
        }
    }   
  1. 返回list
    @Test
    public void testSelectWithList(){
        String hql = "select new list(s.id, s.name) from Student as s";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        List<List> lists = query.list();
        for(List list : lists){
            System.out.println(list.get(0));
            System.out.println(list.get(1));
        }
    }
  1. 返回自定義類(lèi)
//需要有相應(yīng)的構(gòu)造方法
String hql = "select new Student(s.id, s.name) from Student as s"
List<Student> lists = query.list();

  1. 沒(méi)有指定構(gòu)造器會(huì)調(diào)用默認(rèn)構(gòu)造器即無(wú)參構(gòu)造函數(shù)

  2. 集合運(yùn)算"from grade g where g.students is not empty";

  3. 獲取單個(gè)對(duì)象

    @Test
    public void testGetOne(){
        String hql="from Student as s where s.id=1";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        Student student = (Student) query.uniqueResult();
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }

Hibernate 緩存

一級(jí)緩存
  1. 與session相同的生命周期

  2. 示例代碼

    @Test
    public void testCache(){
        Student student1 = session.get(Student.class, 1);
        //清除指定對(duì)象緩存
        session.evict(student1);
        //清除所有緩存
        session.clear();
        Student student2 = session.get(Student.class, 1);
        //list()不使用緩存
        String hql = "from Student";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        List<Student> students = query.list();
        //iterator 先從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲取所有id,判斷緩存中是否有對(duì)應(yīng)記錄,若有則直接使用緩存
        Iterator iterator = query.iterate();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Student student = (Student) iterator.next();
            System.out.println(student.getName());
        }
    }

Hibernate注解

類(lèi)級(jí)別注解
  1. @Entity(name="tableName")
  2. @table(name="", catalog="", schema="")
  3. @Embeddable // 在嵌入類(lèi)上添加(如Address類(lèi))
屬性級(jí)別注解

可寫(xiě)在屬性上也可以寫(xiě)在get方法上

  1. @Id
    //多個(gè)屬性Id實(shí)體類(lèi)需要實(shí)現(xiàn)serializable接口
    //字符串主鍵需要通過(guò)@Column指定長(zhǎng)度

  2. @GeneratedValue(strategy=(), generator="")
    //主鍵生成策略

@GeneratedValue(generator="id")
@GenericGenerator(name="id", strategy="assigned")
  1. @Column(length="", name="", nullable="", insertable="", unique="", updateable="")
  2. @Embedded
    //嵌入類(lèi)需要@Embeddable
  3. @EmbeddedId
    //嵌入類(lèi)(需要@Embeddable,實(shí)現(xiàn)Serializable接口,有無(wú)參構(gòu)造方法,覆蓋equals,hashCode)作為主鍵
  4. @Transient
    //忽略某個(gè)字段,不映射到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
關(guān)聯(lián)映射注解
  1. @OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALl, mappedBy="id")
    //mappedBy設(shè)置主控放
    @JoinColumn(name="id", unique=true)

  2. @ManyTOOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL} fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
    //fetch抓取策略默認(rèn)積極
    @JoinColumn(name="gid", referenceColumnName="gid")

  3. @OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL} fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name="gid")

  4. @ManyToMany(mappedBy="")
    @JoinTable(name="",JoinColumns="",
    inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="tid")})

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