
一、定義
Java提供的一種源程序中的元素關(guān)聯(lián)任何信息和任何元數(shù)據(jù)的途徑和方法。我把它簡單理解為一個標簽。
Java SE5.0版本引入該概念。
1.1注解語法:
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface Description {
String desc();
int age() default 18;
}
1.2.類定義:
使用@interface關(guān)鍵字定義注解
1.3.成員變量規(guī)范:
- 成員類型是受限的,合法類型包括:基本類型及String、Class、Annotation、Enumeration
- 如果注解只有一個成員變量,則命名必須為value(),在使用時可直接賦值
- 注解類可以沒有成員,沒有成員的注解稱為標識注解
- 成員以無參無異常方式聲明
- 可以用default為成員指定一個默認值
1.4.元注解說明:
| 注解名 | 作用域 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| @Target | ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE 給一個注解進行注解 ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR 構(gòu)造方法 ElementType.FIELD 屬性 ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE 局部變量 ElementType.METHOD 方法 ElementType.PACKAGE 包 ElementType.PARAMETER 方法參數(shù) ElementType.TYPE 類、接口、枚舉 |
限制的運行場景,可以多選,以”,”分隔。 |
| @Retention | RetentionPolicy.SOURCE 只在源碼顯示,編譯時丟棄 RetentionPolicy.CLASS 編譯時記錄到class中,運行時丟棄 RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME 運行時存在,可反射讀取 |
生命周期 |
| @Inherited | 允許子類繼承 | |
| @Documented | 生成javadoc時會包含注解 |
二、自定義注解
2.1.運行時注解
@注解名(成員名1=“成員值1”,成員名2=“成員值2”,...)
@Description(desc = “class annotation")
public class MyClass {
}
注解解析
通過反射獲取類、函數(shù)或成員上的運行時注解信息,實現(xiàn)動態(tài)控制程序運行邏輯。
try {
Class clz = Class.forName("XXX");
/**
* 獲取類上注解
*/
//類上是否存在該注解
boolean isExit = clz.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class);
if (isExit) {
//獲取注解實例
Description desc = (Description) clz.getAnnotation(Description.class);
System.out.println(desc.value());
}
/**
* 獲取方法上注解
*/
Method[] methods = clz.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
boolean isMethodExit = method.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class);
if (isMethodExit) {
Description desc = (Description) method.getAnnotation(Description.class);
System.out.println(desc.value());
}
}
//or
for (Method method : methods) {
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation ann : annotations) {
if(ann instanceof Description){
Description d = (Description) ann;
System.out.println(d.value());
}
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
2.2 編譯時注解
APT 在編譯期通過注解生成.java文件。
annotation:注解標記
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)//編譯時注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)//注解范圍為類成員(構(gòu)造方法、方法、成員變量)
public @interface BindView {
int value();//獲取對應(yīng)View的id
}
processor: 生成對應(yīng)的類文件
/**
* 在使用注解處理器需要先聲明和做一系列處理生成:
* META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor文件
* 而@AutoService 可以幫你干了這個事
*/
@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class BindViewProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
/**
* 這里有個問題,Messager無法打印,原因未知
*/
private Messager mMessager;
private Elements mElementUtils;
private Map<String, ClassCreatorProxy> mProxyMap = new HashMap<>();
/**
* 初始化
*
* @param processingEnvironment 提供很多有用的工具類Elements, Types 和 Filer
*/
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment) {
super.init(processingEnvironment);
mMessager = processingEnvironment.getMessager();
mElementUtils = processingEnvironment.getElementUtils();
}
/**
* 指定這個注解處理器是注冊給哪個注解的,這里說明是注解BindView
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
HashSet<String> supportTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
supportTypes.add(BindView.class.getCanonicalName());
return supportTypes;
}
/**
* 指定使用的Java版本,通常這里返回SourceVersion.latestSupported()
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
/**
* 掃描、評估和處理注解的代碼,生成Java文件
*
* @param set
* @param roundEnvironment
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> set, RoundEnvironment roundEnvironment) {
mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "processing...");
mProxyMap.clear();
//得到所有注解
Set<? extends Element> elements = roundEnvironment.getElementsAnnotatedWith(BindView.class);
for (Element element : elements) {
VariableElement variableElement = (VariableElement) element;
TypeElement classElement = (TypeElement) variableElement.getEnclosingElement();
String fullClassName = classElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
ClassCreatorProxy proxy = mProxyMap.get(fullClassName);
if (proxy == null) {
proxy = new ClassCreatorProxy(mElementUtils, classElement);
mProxyMap.put(fullClassName, proxy);
}
BindView bindAnnotation = variableElement.getAnnotation(BindView.class);
int id = bindAnnotation.value();
proxy.putElement(id, variableElement);
}
//通過遍歷mProxyMap,創(chuàng)建java文件
for (String key : mProxyMap.keySet()) {
ClassCreatorProxy proxyInfo = mProxyMap.get(key);
try {
mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, " --> create " + proxyInfo.getProxyClassFullName());
JavaFileObject jfo = processingEnv.getFiler().createSourceFile(proxyInfo.getProxyClassFullName(), proxyInfo.getTypeElement());
Writer writer = jfo.openWriter();
writer.write(proxyInfo.generateJavaCode());
writer.flush();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, " --> create " + proxyInfo.getProxyClassFullName() + "error");
}
}
mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "process finish ...");
return true;
}
}
public class ClassCreatorProxy {
private String mBindingClassName;
private String mPackageName;
private TypeElement mTypeElement;
private Map<Integer, VariableElement> mVariableElementMap = new HashMap<>();
public ClassCreatorProxy(Elements elementUtils, TypeElement classElement) {
this.mTypeElement = classElement;
PackageElement packageElement = elementUtils.getPackageOf(mTypeElement);
String packageName = packageElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
String className = mTypeElement.getSimpleName().toString();
this.mPackageName = packageName;
this.mBindingClassName = className + "_ViewBinding";
}
public void putElement(int id, VariableElement element) {
mVariableElementMap.put(id, element);
}
/**
* 創(chuàng)建Java代碼
*
* @return
*/
public String generateJavaCode() {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append("package ").append(mPackageName).append(";\n\n");
builder.append('\n');
builder.append("public class ").append(mBindingClassName);
builder.append(" {\n");
generateMethods(builder);
builder.append('\n');
builder.append("}\n");
return builder.toString();
}
/**
* 創(chuàng)建Java代碼
*
* javapoet
*/
public TypeSpec generateJavaCode2() {
TypeSpec bindingClass = TypeSpec.classBuilder(mBindingClassName)
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addMethod(generateMethods2())
.build();
return bindingClass;
}
/**
* 拼接對應(yīng)方法
*
* @param builder
*/
private void generateMethods(StringBuilder builder) {
builder.append("public void bind(" + mTypeElement.getQualifiedName() + " host ) {\n");
for (int id : mVariableElementMap.keySet()) {
VariableElement element = mVariableElementMap.get(id);
String name = element.getSimpleName().toString();
String type = element.asType().toString();
builder.append("host." + name).append(" = ");
builder.append("(" + type + ")(((android.app.Activity)host).findViewById( " + id + "));\n");
}
builder.append(" }\n");
}
/**
* 拼接對應(yīng)方法
*
* javapoet
*/
private MethodSpec generateMethods2() {
ClassName host = ClassName.bestGuess(mTypeElement.getQualifiedName().toString());
MethodSpec.Builder methodBuilder = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("bind")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.returns(void.class)
.addParameter(host, "host");
for (int id : mVariableElementMap.keySet()) {
VariableElement element = mVariableElementMap.get(id);
String name = element.getSimpleName().toString();
String type = element.asType().toString();
methodBuilder.addCode("host." + name + " = " + "(" + type + ")(((android.app.Activity)host).findViewById( " + id + "));");
}
return methodBuilder.build();
}
public String getProxyClassFullName() {
return mPackageName + "." + mBindingClassName;
}
public TypeElement getTypeElement() {
return mTypeElement;
}
}
gradle配置:
autoSerive :
gradle 4.4 + 3.1.0
implementation 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc6'
gradle 5.0+版本:
api 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc6'
annotationProcessor 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc6'
javapoet:
implementation 'com.squareup:javapoet:1.10.0'
library 通過反射使用processor創(chuàng)建出來的類:
public class BindViewTools {
public static void bind(Activity activity) {
Class clazz = activity.getClass();
try {
Class bindViewClass = Class.forName(clazz.getName() + "_ViewBinding");
Method method = bindViewClass.getMethod("bind", activity.getClass());
method.invoke(bindViewClass.newInstance(), activity);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
使用:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@BindView(R.id.txt)
TextView mTextView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
BindViewTools.bind(this);
mTextView.setText("annotation apt");
}
}
@AutoService(Processor.class) 注解處理器聲明。
AbstractProcessor 掃描、評估和處理注解的代碼,生成Java文件。
javapoet 替代StringBuilder的append的一種更優(yōu)雅的寫法工具。